Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Jelena Kovačević Lektor: Mile Živković

When I was 27 years old,

Kada sam imala 27 godina

I left a very demanding job in management consulting

napustila sam zahtevan posao u poslovnom savetodavstvu

for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.

i zamenila ga još zahtevnijim - postala sam učiteljica.

Počela sam da predajem matematiku sedmom razredu

I went to teach seventh graders math

in the New York City public schools.

u njujorškim državnim školama.

I kao svaki drugi nastavnik, davala sam kvizove i testove.

And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.

I gave out homework assignments.

Zadavala sam domaće zadatke.

Kada bih dobila radove, ocenila bih ih.

When the work came back, I calculated grades.

What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference

Ono sto me je iznenadilo je da IQ nije bio jedina razlika

between my best and my worst students.

između mojih najboljih i najgorih učenika.

Neki od najboljih

Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.

nisu imali najviši IQ,

dok neka od najpametnije dece nisu dobro napredovala.

Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.

And that got me thinking.

To me je zamislilo.

The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,

Stvari koje moraju da se uče u sedmom razredu,

sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.

naravno, jesu teške: proporcije, decimale,

površina palalelograma.

But these concepts are not impossible,

Ali ovi pojmovi nisu nemogući za naučiti

and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students

i bila sam čvrsto ubeđena da bi svaki od mojih učenika

could learn the material

mogao da savlada gradivo

kada bi naporno i dovoljno dugo radio.

if they worked hard and long enough.

After several more years of teaching,

Posle još nekoliko godina predavanja,

I came to the conclusion that what we need in education

zaključila sam da je ono što je u obrazovanju potrebno

mnogo bolje razumevanje učenika i procesa učenja

is a much better understanding of students and learning

from a motivational perspective,

iz perspektive motivisanja,

from a psychological perspective.

iz perspektive psihologije.

In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.

U obrazovanju, jedina stvar koju mi umemo najbolje da izmerimo

je IQ, ali šta ako dobar uspeh u školi i životu

But what if doing well in school and in life

depends on much more

ne zavisi samo

than your ability to learn quickly and easily?

od sposobnosti brzog i lakog ućenja?

So I left the classroom,

Tako sam napustila učionicu

and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.

i otišla sam na postdiplomske studije da postanem psiholog.

I started studying kids and adults

Počela sam da posmatram decu i odrasle

u različitim vrstama otežavajućih uslova

in all kinds of super challenging settings,

and in every study my question was,

i u svim istraživanjima moje pitanje je bilo

who is successful here and why?

ko je ovde uspešan i zašto.

My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.

Moj istrazivački tim i ja smo išli u Vojnu akademiju Vest Point.

We tried to predict which cadets

Probali smo da predvidimo koji od kadeta

would stay in military training and which would drop out.

će ostati na vojnoj obuci, a koji će odustati.

We went to the National Spelling Bee

Išli smo na nacionalno takmičenje u spelovanju

and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.

i probali da predvidimo koja deca će dogurati

najdalje u takmičenju.

We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,

Posmatrali smo nastavnike početnike

koji su radili u problematičnim naseljima, pitajući se

asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching

koji od njih će nastaviti da rade tu

by the end of the school year,

do kraja školske godine,

and of those, who will be the most effective

a koji će od tih biti najefikasniji

at improving learning outcomes for their students?

u unapređivanju rezultata učenja svojih đaka.

We partnered with private companies, asking,

Udruživali smo se sa privatnim firmama, pitajući se

which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?

koji će od tih prodavaca zadržati svoje poslove

And who's going to earn the most money?

i koji će zaradjivati najviše novca.

In all those very different contexts,

U svakom od ovih različitih konteksta

one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.

izdvojila se jedna karakteristika

kao značajan pokazatelj uspeha.

And it wasn't social intelligence.

To nije bila društvena inteligencija,

It wasn't good looks, physical health,

niti dobar izgled, niti fizičko zdravlje, niti IQ.

and it wasn't IQ.

It was grit.

To je bila borbenost.

Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.

Borbenost je strast i istrajnost u dugoročnim ciljevima.

Grit is having stamina.

Borbenost je izdržljivost.

Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,

Borbenost je držati se svoje budućnosti, dan za danom,

not just for the week, not just for the month,

ne samo za nedelju dana, ne samo za mesec,

but for years,

već godinama i naporno raditi

and working really hard to make that future a reality.

da ta budućnost postane realnost.

Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.

Borbenost je doživljavati život kao maraton, ne kao sprint.

Pre nekoliko godina, počela sam da proučavam borbenost

A few years ago,

I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.

u čikaškim državnim školama.

Zamolila sam hiljade srednjoškolaca

I asked thousands of high school juniors

to take grit questionnaires,

da popune upitnike o borbenosti

and then waited around more than a year

i onda čekala oko godinu dana

to see who would graduate.

da vidim ko će maturirati.

Turns out that grittier kids

Ispostavilo se da je verovatnije

were significantly more likely to graduate,

da ce borbenija deca maturirati,

even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,

čak i kada sam ih posmatrala u odnosu na svaku osobinu koju sam mogla da izmerim,

things like family income,

stvari kao što su porodična primanja,

rezultati standardizovanih testova znanja,

standardized achievement test scores,

even how safe kids felt when they were at school.

čak i to koliko sigurno su se deca osećala u školi.

So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee

Dakle, borbenost nije bitna samo u vojnoj akademiji

that grit matters.

ili na takmičenju u spelovanju. Važna je i u školi,

It's also in school,

especially for kids at risk for dropping out.

Pogotovo za decu koja su sklona odustajanju.

To me, the most shocking thing about grit

Za mene, najšokantija stvar u vezi sa borbenošću

je koliko malo toga znamo,

is how little we know,

how little science knows, about building it.

koliko malo nauka zna o izgradnji borbenosti.

Svakoga dana, roditelji i nastavnici me pitaju:

Every day, parents and teachers ask me,

"How do I build grit in kids?

"Kako da probudim borbenost u deci?

What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?

Šta da uradim da decu naučim čvrstoj radnoj etici?

How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"

Kako da im održim motivaciju na duže staze?"

The honest answer is,

Iskreno, ne znam. (Smeh)

I don't know.

(Laughter)

What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.

Ono što znam je da te talenat ne čini borbenim.

Our data show very clearly

Naši podaci jasno pokazuju

that there are many talented individuals

da ima puno talentovanih pojedinaca

koji jednostavno ne istraju u svojim obavezama.

who simply do not follow through on their commitments.

In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated

Zapravo, prema našim podacima, borbenost nema veze sa talentom

ili mu je čak obrnuto proporcionalna.

or even inversely related to measures of talent.

So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids

Za sada, najbolja ideja koju sam čula o buđenju borbenosti u deci

is something called "growth mindset."

je nešto što se zove ''um otvoren za učenje''.

This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,

Ova ideja potiče sa Univerziteta Stanford

od Kerol Dvek i to je verovanje

and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,

da sposobnost učenja nije nepromenljiva,

that it can change with your effort.

već uz trud može da se menja.

Dr. Dweck has shown

Dr Dvek je pokazala da kada deca čitaju i uče

that when kids read and learn about the brain

o mozgu i kako se on menja i raste

and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,

kao odgovor na izazov,

they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,

veća je verovatnoća da neće odustati ako odmah ne uspeju,

because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.

jer ne veruju da je taj neuspeh

trajno stanje.

Zato je um otvoren za učenje dobra ideja za izgradnju borbenosti.

So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.

But we need more.

Ali treba nam još nešto.

And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,

I tu ću završiti sa svojim zapažanjima,

because that's where we are.

jer to je to.

To je zadatak koji je pred nama.

That's the work that stands before us.

We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,

Treba da iskoristimo naše najbolje ideje, našu najjaču intuiciju

and we need to test them.

i treba da ih testiramo.

We need to measure whether we've been successful,

Treba da ocenimo da li smo bili uspešni,

and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,

i moramo biti spremni na neuspeh, na to da ne budemo u pravu,

to start over again with lessons learned.

na to da počnemo iznova sa naučenim lekcijama.

Drugim rečima, moramo da budemo borbeni

In other words, we need to be gritty

about getting our kids grittier.

u izgradnji borbenosti kod nase dece.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)