Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED
15,282,371 views ・ 2013-05-09
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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Morton Bast
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翻译人员: Shane Wang
校对人员: Gao Begon
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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在我27岁的时候,
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I left a very demanding job
in management consulting
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我辞去了一份非常有挑战性的职业—企业管理咨询,
00:18
for a job that was even more
demanding: teaching.
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转而投入了一份更加具有挑战性的职业:教育。
我来到纽约的一些公立学校
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I went to teach seventh graders math
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in the New York City public schools.
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教7年级的学生的数学。
和别的老师一样,我会给学生们做小测验和考试,
00:28
And like any teacher,
I made quizzes and tests.
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00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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我会给他们布置家庭作业。
当这些试卷和作业收上来之后,我计算了他们的成绩。
00:33
When the work came back,
I calculated grades.
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00:36
What struck me was that IQ
was not the only difference
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让我震惊的是,IQ的高低并不是
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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我最好的和最差的学生之间唯一的差别。
一些在课业上表现很好的学生
00:45
Some of my strongest performers
did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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并不具有非常高的IQ分数。
一些非常聪明的孩子反而在课业上表现的不那么尽如人意。
00:50
Some of my smartest kids
weren't doing so well.
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00:54
And that got me thinking.
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这引起了我的思考。
00:56
The kinds of things you need
to learn in seventh grade math,
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当然,学生们在7年级需要学习的东西
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,
the area of a parallelogram.
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是有难度的,像比率,小数,
平行四边形的面积计算。
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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但是这些概念是完全可以被掌握的,
01:07
and I was firmly convinced
that every one of my students
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我坚信我的每一位学生
01:11
could learn the material
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都可以学会教材内容,
只要他们肯花时间和精力的话。
01:14
if they worked hard and long enough.
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01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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经过几年教学之后,
01:19
I came to the conclusion
that what we need in education
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我得出一个结论,我们在教育方面所需要的是
从学习动力的角度和心理学的角度,
01:23
is a much better understanding
of students and learning
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from a motivational perspective,
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对学生和学习行为
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from a psychological perspective.
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进行一次更为深刻的理解。
01:31
In education, the one thing
we know how to measure best is IQ.
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在教育体系中, 我们都知道评价优秀学生的标准
就是IQ, 但如果在学校和生活中的优秀表现
01:38
But what if doing
well in school and in life
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01:42
depends on much more
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远不仅仅依赖于
01:44
than your ability to learn
quickly and easily?
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你轻松高效学习的能力呢?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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所有我离开了讲台,
01:50
and I went to graduate school
to become a psychologist.
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回到学校继续攻读心理学硕士学位。
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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我开始研究孩子和大人,
在各种非常具有挑战性的情况下,
01:56
in all kinds of super
challenging settings,
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and in every study my question was,
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以及在各项研究中,我的问题是
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who is successful here and why?
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谁才是成功者,为什么他们会成功?
02:04
My research team and I went
to West Point Military Academy.
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我和我的研究团队前往西点军校展开调研,
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We tried to predict which cadets
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我们试图预测哪些学员
02:10
would stay in military training
and which would drop out.
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能够耐得住军队的训练,哪些会被淘汰出局。
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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我们前去观摩全国拼字比赛,
02:16
and tried to predict which children
would advance farthest in competition.
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同时也试着预测哪些孩子会晋级到
最后的比赛。
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We studied rookie teachers
working in really tough neighborhoods,
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我们研究在恶劣的工作环境下工作的,
刚入行的老师,询问他们
02:25
asking which teachers are still
going to be here in teaching
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哪些老师决定会在学年结束后
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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继续留下来任教,
02:31
and of those, who will be
the most effective
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以及他们之中谁能最快地
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at improving learning
outcomes for their students?
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提高学生的学习成绩。
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We partnered with private
companies, asking,
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我们与私企合作,向他们询问
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which of these salespeople
is going to keep their jobs?
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哪些销售人员可以保住工作,
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And who's going to earn the most money?
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哪些可以赚钱最多?
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In all those very different contexts,
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在所有那些不同的情境下,
02:47
one characteristic emerged
as a significant predictor of success.
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一种性格特征凸显了出来,
这种特征在很大程度上预示了成功。
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And it wasn't social intelligence.
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而且它并不是社交智力。
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It wasn't good looks, physical health,
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不是漂亮的外表,强健的体魄,也不是很高的IQ,
02:57
and it wasn't IQ.
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02:59
It was grit.
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它是毅力。
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance
for very long-term goals.
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毅力是对长远目标的激情和坚持,
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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毅力是拥有持久的恒劲,
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Grit is sticking with your future,
day in, day out,
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毅力是你对未来的坚持,日复一日
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not just for the week,
not just for the month,
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不是仅仅持续一个星期或者一个月,
03:16
but for years,
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而是几年甚至几十年努力奋斗着
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and working really hard
to make that future a reality.
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让自己的梦想变为现实。
03:22
Grit is living life
like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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毅力是把生活当成一场马拉松而不是一次短跑。
几年前,在芝加哥的公立学校里,
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A few years ago,
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03:29
I started studying grit
in the Chicago public schools.
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我开始研究毅力。
我对上千名初中生进行了
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I asked thousands of high school juniors
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to take grit questionnaires,
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关于毅力的问卷调查,
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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然后等候了一年多,
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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来看最终哪些学生能毕业。
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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结果证明那些更具毅力的学生
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were significantly more
likely to graduate,
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在毕业的概率上占绝对优势,
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even when I matched them
on every characteristic I could measure,
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即使是在同样可以量化的外在因素下
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things like family income,
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像家庭收入,
标准化成绩测验的分数,
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standardized achievement test scores,
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03:55
even how safe kids felt
when they were at school.
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甚至是孩子们在学校能获得多少安全感之类,仍是有毅力的学生更容易毕业
03:59
So it's not just at West Point
or the National Spelling Bee
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所有不仅仅是在西点军校里或者全国拼字比赛上
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that grit matters.
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才需要毅力。在学校亦是如此,
04:03
It's also in school,
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04:05
especially for kids
at risk for dropping out.
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尤其是对于那些徘徊在辍学边缘的孩子们。
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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对于我自己来说,关于毅力最让我震惊的事情莫过于
对于毅力,我们知之甚少,
04:12
is how little we know,
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04:14
how little science knows,
about building it.
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在培养毅力上,科学对理解的认识又是何等贫乏。
每天都有家长和老师来问我,
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Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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“我怎样做才能培养孩子的毅力呢?
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What do I do to teach kids
a solid work ethic?
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该做些什么才能教授给孩子们真正的职业道德?
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How do I keep them motivated
for the long run?"
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又该怎样调动他们长期的积极性呢?”
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The honest answer is,
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老实说,我不知道。(笑声)
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I don't know.
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04:30
(Laughter)
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What I do know is that talent
doesn't make you gritty.
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我所知道的是,才华并不能使你坚韧不拔。
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Our data show very clearly
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我们的数据十分清楚地表明,
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that there are many talented individuals
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有许多才华横溢的人,
他们都无法坚持兑现自己的承诺。
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who simply do not follow through
on their commitments.
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04:43
In fact, in our data,
grit is usually unrelated
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事实上,根据我们的数据来看,毅力通常与其他因素无关,
甚至与才华的衡量标准背道而驰。
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or even inversely related
to measures of talent.
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04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard
about building grit in kids
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到目前为止,我所听说过的在孩子身上培养坚韧品质最有效的方法
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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叫“成长型思维模式。”
04:59
This is an idea developed
at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
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斯坦福大学卡洛杜威克提出过一个观点,
他相信
05:03
and it is the belief that the ability
to learn is not fixed,
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人的学习能力是可变的,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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它随着你的努力程度而变化。
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Dr. Dweck has shown
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杜威克教授表示,当孩子们阅读和学习有关大脑的知识
05:12
that when kids read
and learn about the brain
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以及它在面对挑战时
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and how it changes and grows
in response to challenge,
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所发生的变化和成长情况,
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they're much more likely
to persevere when they fail,
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他们失败之后更容易坚持下去,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure
is a permanent condition.
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因为他们
不相信会一直失败下去。
因此,成长性思维模式对培养毅力大有裨益。
05:29
So growth mindset
is a great idea for building grit.
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05:32
But we need more.
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但是我们需要更多。
05:34
And that's where I'm going
to end my remarks,
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我决定在此结束我的评论,
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because that's where we are.
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因为我们正在经历着这一切。
这是眼前所面临的工作。
05:38
That's the work that stands before us.
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05:40
We need to take our best ideas,
our strongest intuitions,
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我们要拿出最好的想法和最强的直觉,
05:44
and we need to test them.
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我们要对他们进行实践。
05:46
We need to measure
whether we've been successful,
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我们需要估量这一切是否成功
05:49
and we have to be willing
to fail, to be wrong,
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同时还要渴望对失败和错误,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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要从这些失败中汲取经验重新再来。
换句话说,我们只有自己变得更有毅力
05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty
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05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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才能让我们的孩子变得更有毅力。
06:02
Thank you.
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谢谢大家!
06:03
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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