Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

15,282,371 views ・ 2013-05-09

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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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譯者: Wei Zeng 審譯者: Julia Xu
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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我 27 歲的時候,
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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辭去了一份很費心血的管理諮詢工作,
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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而接受了一份更辛苦的工作:教書。
我在紐約的公立學校
00:23
I went to teach seventh graders math
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00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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教七年級學生數學。
和其他老師一樣,我出小測、考試題目,
00:28
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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也佈置回家作業。
作業上交後,我批改、計分。
00:33
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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00:36
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference
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我發現,我最好和最差的學生之間的差異
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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並不僅僅是智商。
有些非常優秀的學生
00:45
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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智商並非特別得高
有些非常聰明的學生,學業也並非很好。
00:50
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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00:54
And that got me thinking.
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這引發了我的思考。
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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七年級數學要學的東西
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
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確實挺難:比例、小數、
平行四邊形的面積。
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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但這些概念並不是不能理解,
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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我也堅信我的每一位學生
01:11
could learn the material
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都能學會這些知識,
只要他們足夠認真、堅持用功。
01:14
if they worked hard and long enough.
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01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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教了幾年以後,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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我得出一個結論: 我們的教育所需要的
是一種對學生、對學習更好的理解——
01:23
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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從動機的角度、
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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從心理的角度去理解。
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
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在教育領域,我們最擅長測試的指標
是智商, 但如果說在學校和生活中的表現好壞
01:38
But what if doing well in school and in life
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01:42
depends on much more
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不僅僅取決於
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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你是否能又好又快地學習呢?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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於是,我離開了課堂,
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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來到了研究所,成為了一名心理學家。
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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我開始研究兒童與成人
處於各種艱巨挑戰中的表現。
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in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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01:58
and in every study my question was,
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在每次研究中,我關注的是:
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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誰會成功?爲什麽會成功?
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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我和我的研究團隊去了西點軍校。
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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我們試著預測哪些學員
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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能通過軍事訓練,哪些會放棄。
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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我們去看全國拼字比賽,
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
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試著預測哪些孩子能在比賽中
笑到最後。
02:21
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,
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我們研究在非常艱苦的環境下
工作的新教師,
02:25
asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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預測哪些教師在學年末時
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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還能堅持在崗位上。
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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當然還有,哪些教師教出的學生
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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成績的提高最為顯著?
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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我們和私人公司合作,
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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預測哪些銷售人員能保住工作?
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And who's going to earn the most money?
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誰能賺最多錢?
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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在這些非常不同的背景下,
02:47
one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
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我們發現有一個特質
能夠很好地預測成功。
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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它不是社交能力。
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health,
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不是美麗的外貌,不是健康的身體,也不是智商。
02:57
and it wasn't IQ.
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02:59
It was grit.
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而是意志力。
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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意志力是面對長遠目標時的熱情和毅力。
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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意志力是有耐力的表現。
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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意志力是日復一日依然對未來堅信不已
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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不只是這週、 不只是這個月,
03:16
but for years,
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而是年復一年。用心、努力工作
03:18
and working really hard to make that future a reality.
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來實現所堅信的那個未來。
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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意志力是將生活看作是一場馬拉松,不是短跑。
幾年前,我在芝加哥公立學校
03:28
A few years ago,
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03:29
I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
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開始研究意志力。
我請數以千計的高中生
03:33
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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填寫關於意志力的問卷。
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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然後等了大約一年多
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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看看誰會畢業。
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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結果發現,意志力越堅定的孩子
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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畢業的可能性明顯越高,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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其他所有可能的影響因素都被考慮並排除了
03:50
things like family income,
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比如家庭收入,
標準化測驗的分數,
03:53
standardized achievement test scores,
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03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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甚至孩子們在學校時的安全感。
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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所以意志力並不只是在 西點軍校或全國拼字比賽中
04:02
that grit matters.
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非常重要。在學校,
04:03
It's also in school,
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04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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尤其是對有輟學危險的孩子來說, 意志力同樣重要。
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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關於意志力,最令我吃驚的事情
是我們以及科學界
04:12
is how little we know,
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04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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對於如何鍛煉意志力知之甚少。
每天,家長和老師都會問我,
04:17
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"如何鍛煉孩子們的意志力?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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我怎麼教會孩子堅實的職業道德?
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How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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怎樣才能讓他們有長遠的動力?”
04:27
The honest answer is,
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最誠實的回答是,我不知道。(笑聲)
04:29
I don't know.
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04:30
(Laughter)
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04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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我所知道的是,有才華不意味著就有意志力。
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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我們的資料非常清楚地揭示
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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有很多才華橫溢的人
並不能堅持到底,實現承諾。
04:40
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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事實上,我們的研究發現, 意志力通常與才華無關,
有時甚至成反比。
04:48
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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關於鍛煉孩子們的意志, 到目前為止,我聽過的最好的方法
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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叫做“成長型思維模式”理論。
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
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這是史丹福大學的
Carol Dweck 的研究的成果。 這個理論相信
05:03
and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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學習的能力不是一成不變的,
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that it can change with your effort.
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它會由於你的努力發生變化。
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown
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Dweck 博士已證明,當孩子們 閱讀和學習大腦的相關知識
05:12
that when kids read and learn about the brain
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以及大腦在面對挑戰時
05:15
and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,
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會怎樣變化和成長時,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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他們更有可能在失敗時繼續堅持,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
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因為他們不相信
他們永遠會失敗。
所以,成長型思維模式是 一種鍛煉意志力的好方法。
05:29
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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05:32
But we need more.
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但我們還需要更多這樣的理念。
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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而今天我的演講就到此為止,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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因為這就是我們當下的認知。
這就是擺在我們面前的任務。
05:38
That's the work that stands before us.
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05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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我們需要拿出我們最好的想法、最強的直覺
05:44
and we need to test them.
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對他們進行檢驗。
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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我們需要衡量我們是否取得了成功,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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我們必須願意失敗、願意犯錯、
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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願意吸取教訓並從頭開始。
換句話說,在加強我們孩子意志力這件事上,
05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty
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05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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我們自己也要有不懈的意志。
06:02
Thank you.
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謝謝。
06:03
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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