Hans Rosling: Global population growth, box by box

1,720,988 views ใƒป 2010-07-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Daniel Millet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ron Bentata
00:16
I still remember the day in school
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
00:18
when our teacher told us
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืžืจื” ืœื ื•
00:21
that the world population had become
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ืฉืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื”
00:23
three billion people,
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ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:25
and that was in 1960.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1960.
00:29
I'm going to talk now about
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืขืช ืขืœ
00:31
how world population has changed from that year
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ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื”
00:33
and into the future,
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืขืชื™ื“.
00:35
but I will not use digital technology,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช
00:38
as I've done during my first five TEDTalks.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืžืฉืช ื”-TEDTalks ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
00:41
Instead, I have progressed,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ืชืงื“ืžืชื™.
00:44
and I am, today, launching
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉื™ืง ื”ื™ื•ื
00:46
a brand new analog teaching technology
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
00:49
that I picked up from IKEA:
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ืฉืงื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ืงืื”:
00:51
this box.
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ื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื–ื•.
00:53
This box contains one billion people.
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ื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:55
And our teacher told us
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืžืจื” ืœื ื•
00:57
that the industrialized world, 1960,
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชื•ืขืฉ, 1960,
01:00
had one billion people.
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ื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:02
In the developing world, she said,
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
01:04
they had two billion people.
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:06
And they lived away then.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื”ืจื—ืง.
01:08
There was a big gap between
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ื”ื™ื” ืคืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ
01:10
the one billion in the industrialized world
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชื•ืขืฉ
01:12
and the two billion in the developing world.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—.
01:15
In the industrialized world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชื•ืขืฉ,
01:17
people were healthy,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื,
01:19
educated, rich,
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ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื, ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื,
01:21
and they had small families.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
01:23
And their aspiration
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ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื
01:25
was to buy a car.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
01:27
And in 1960, all Swedes were saving
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 1960, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ืกื›ื•
01:30
to try to buy a Volvo like this.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืœื•ื• ื›ื–ื•.
01:33
This was the economic level at which Sweden was.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”.
01:36
But in contrast to this,
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ืืš ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื–ื”,
01:38
in the developing world, far away,
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—, ื”ืจื—ืง,
01:40
the aspiration of the average family there
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ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉื
01:43
was to have food for the day.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:46
They were saving
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืกื›ื•
01:48
to be able to buy a pair of shoes.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื.
01:51
There was an enormous gap in the world
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ื”ื™ื” ืคืขืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:53
when I grew up.
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ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™.
01:55
And this gap between the West and the rest
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ื•ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ื”ืฉืืจ
01:58
has created a mindset of the world,
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ื™ืฆืจ ื“ืคื•ืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
02:01
which we still use linguistically
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ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช
02:03
when we talk about "the West"
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ "ื”ืžืขืจื‘"
02:05
and "the Developing World."
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ื•ืขืœ "ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—".
02:07
But the world has changed,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”,
02:09
and it's overdue to upgrade that mindset
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื”
02:12
and that taxonomy of the world, and to understand it.
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ื•ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช.
02:15
And that's what I'm going to show you,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื.
02:17
because since 1960
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืื– 1960,
02:20
what has happened in the world up to 2010
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ืœืฉื ืช 2010
02:23
is that a staggering
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข
02:25
four billion people
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
02:27
have been added to the world population.
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ื ื•ืกืคื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:29
Just look how many.
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ืจืง ืชืจืื• ื›ืžื”.
02:31
The world population has doubled
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืคืœื”
02:33
since I went to school.
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ืžืื– ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
02:37
And of course, there's been economic growth in the West.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘.
02:40
A lot of companies have happened to grow the economy,
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
02:43
so the Western population moved over to here.
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ืื– ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื›ืืŸ.
02:46
And now their aspiration is not only to have a car.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
02:49
Now they want to have a holiday on a very remote destination
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ื›ืขืช ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื•ื—ืง,
02:52
and they want to fly.
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ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก.
02:54
So this is where they are today.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
02:56
And the most successful of the developing countries,
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ื•ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ,
02:59
they have moved on, you know,
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ื’ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
03:01
and they have become emerging economies, we call them.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื, ื›ืš ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืŸ.
03:04
They are now buying cars.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ืŸ ืงื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
03:06
And what happened a month ago
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
03:08
was that the Chinese company, Geely,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช, "ื’'ื™ืœื™",
03:10
they acquired the Volvo company,
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ื”ื ืจื›ืฉื• ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื•ืœื•ื•.
03:13
and then finally the Swedes understood that
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ื•ืื– ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•
03:15
something big had happened in the world.
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:20
So there they are.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื.
03:22
And the tragedy is that the two billion over here
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ื•ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืคื”
03:25
that is struggling for food and shoes,
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ืฉื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื,
03:28
they are still almost as poor
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ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ื
03:30
as they were 50 years ago.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”.
03:32
The new thing is that
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื
03:34
we have the biggest pile of billions, the three billions here,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืคื”,
03:37
which are also becoming emerging economies,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
03:40
because they are quite healthy, relatively well-educated,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
03:43
and they already also have two to three children
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ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื
03:45
per woman, as those [richer also] have.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืืœื” ื™ืฉ.
03:48
And their aspiration now
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ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืขืช
03:50
is, of course, to buy a bicycle,
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ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
03:53
and then later on they would like to have a motorbike also.
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ื•ืื– ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื’ื ืื•ืคื ื•ืข.
03:56
But this is the world
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:59
we have today,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื.
04:01
no longer any gap.
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ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขืจ.
04:03
But the distance from the poorest here, the very poorest,
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ืืš ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
04:06
to the very richest over here is wider than ever.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื‘ ืžืชืžื™ื“.
04:09
But there is a continuous world
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืžืฉืš
04:11
from walking, biking,
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ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
04:13
driving, flying --
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ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื˜ื™ืกื” --
04:15
there are people on all levels,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช.
04:17
and most people tend to be somewhere in the middle.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
04:21
This is the new world we have today
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื
04:23
in 2010.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010.
04:26
And what will happen in the future?
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ื•ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?
04:30
Well, I'm going to project
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš
04:32
into 2050.
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ืขื“ ืœืฉื ืช 2050.
04:34
I was in Shanghai recently,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืื ื’ื—ืื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
04:37
and I listened to what's happening in China,
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ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
04:39
and it's pretty sure that they will catch up,
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื ื™ืชืขื“ื›ื ื•,
04:42
just as Japan did.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืคืŸ ืขืฉืชื”.
04:44
All the projections [say that] this one [billion] will [only] grow with
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ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช -- ื–ื• ืชืฆืžื—
04:46
one to two or three percent.
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
04:48
[But this second] grows with seven, eight percent, and then they will end up here.
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื”, ืฉืžื•ื ื”. ื•ืื– ื”ืŸ ืชื’ืขื ื” ืœื›ืืŸ.
04:51
They will start flying.
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ื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื˜ื•ืก.
04:53
And these
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ื•ืืœื•
04:55
lower or middle income countries, the emerging income countries,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
04:58
they will also forge forwards economically.
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืชืชืงื“ืžื ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
05:01
And if,
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ื•ืื,
05:03
but only if,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื,
05:05
we invest in the right green technology --
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ื ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” --
05:08
so that we can avoid severe climate change,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจ,
05:10
and energy can still be relatively cheap --
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ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช --
05:13
then they will move all the way up here.
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ืื– ื”ืŸ ืชืชืงื“ืžื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืืŸ.
05:16
And they will start to buy
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ื•ืชืชื—ืœื ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช
05:18
electric cars.
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช.
05:20
This is what we will find there.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ืฉื.
05:23
So what about the poorest two billion?
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ืื– ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
05:25
What about the poorest two billion here?
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื”?
05:28
Will they move on?
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ืชืงื“ืžื•?
05:30
Well, here population [growth] comes in
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืคื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”
05:32
because there [among emerging economies] we already have two to three children per woman,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื”,
05:35
family planning is widely used,
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ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™,
05:37
and population growth is coming to an end.
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ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืกื•ืคื•.
05:39
Here [among the poorest], population is growing.
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ืคื”, ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื”,
05:42
So these [poorest] two billion will, in the next decades,
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ืื– ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
05:45
increase to three billion,
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ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื.
05:47
and they will thereafter
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ื•ื”ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ
05:49
increase to four billion.
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ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืœื›ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื.
05:51
There is nothing --
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ
05:53
but a nuclear war of a kind we've never seen --
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ื ื•
05:56
that can stop this [growth] from happening.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืžืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
05:59
Because we already have this [growth] in process.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
06:02
But if, and only if,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื, ื•ืจืง ืื,
06:04
[the poorest] get out of poverty,
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ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™,
06:06
they get education, they get improved child survival,
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ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช,
06:08
they can buy a bicycle and a cell phone and come [to live] here,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื ื”,
06:11
then population growth
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ืื– ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ
06:13
will stop in 2050.
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ื™ื™ืขืฆืจ ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2050.
06:16
We cannot have people on this level
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื•
06:18
looking for food and shoes
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ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื—ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื,
06:20
because then we get continued population growth.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืžืชืžืฉืš.
06:23
And let me show you why
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข
06:25
by converting back to the old-time
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
06:28
digital technology.
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ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื.
06:30
Here I have on the screen
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ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš
06:32
my country bubbles.
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ืืช ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
06:34
Every bubble is a country. The size is population.
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ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”.
06:36
The colors show the continent.
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ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
06:38
The yellow on there is the Americas;
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ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื;
06:40
dark blue is Africa; brown is Europe;
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ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื”ื” ื–ื” ืืคืจื™ืงื”; ื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื”;
06:42
green is the Middle East
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ื™ืจื•ืง ื–ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ;
06:45
and this light blue is South Asia.
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ื•ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื”.
06:47
That's India and this is China. Size is population.
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ื–ื• ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื–ื• ืกื™ืŸ. ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”.
06:49
Here I have children per woman:
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ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื”,
06:52
two children, four children, six children, eight children --
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ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื --
06:54
big families, small families.
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ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
06:57
The year is 1960.
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื 1960.
06:59
And down here, child survival,
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ื•ืคื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
07:01
the percentage of children surviving childhood
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช
07:03
up to starting school:
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ืขื“ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
07:05
60 percent, 70 percent, 80 percent, 90,
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60 ืื—ื•ื–, 70 ืื—ื•ื–, 80 ืื—ื•ื–, 90,
07:08
and almost 100 percent, as we have today
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ 100 ืื—ื•ื–, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
07:10
in the wealthiest and healthiest countries.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:12
But look, this is the world my teacher talked about in 1960:
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ืจืื•, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1960.
07:15
one billion Western world here --
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืคื”,
07:18
high child-survival, small families --
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ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
07:21
and all the rest,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ,
07:23
the rainbow of developing countries,
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ื”ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
07:25
with very large families
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ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“,
07:27
and poor child survival.
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ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
07:29
What has happened? I start the world. Here we go.
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ืžื” ืงืจื”? ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื.
07:32
Can you see, as the years pass by, child survival is increasing?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื›ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื”?
07:35
They get soap, hygiene, education,
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ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื”, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
07:37
vaccination, penicillin
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ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื, ืคื ื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ,
07:39
and then family planning. Family size is decreasing.
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ื•ืื– ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช. ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ.
07:42
[When] they get up to 90-percent child survival, then families decrease,
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ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื“ ืœ-90 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
07:45
and most of the Arab countries in the Middle East
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
07:47
is falling down there [to small families].
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ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืฉื.
07:49
Look, Bangladesh catching up with India.
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ืจืื•, ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•.
07:51
The whole emerging world
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื
07:54
joins the Western world
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ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™.
07:56
with good child survival
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ืขื ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
07:58
and small family size,
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ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ.
08:00
but we still have the poorest billion.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืขื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:02
Can you see the poorest billion,
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืขื ื™,
08:04
those [two] boxes I had over here?
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ื”ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืฉื?
08:07
They are still up here.
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ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื”.
08:09
And they still have a child survival
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
08:11
of only 70 to 80 percent,
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ืฉืœ 70 ืื• 80 ืื—ื•ื–,
08:13
meaning that if you have six children born,
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
08:15
there will be at least four who survive
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉืจื“ื•
08:17
to the next generation.
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ืขื“ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
08:19
And the population will double in one generation.
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ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืชื•ื›ืคืœ ืชื•ืš ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“.
08:22
So the only way
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ืื– ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
08:24
of really getting world population [growth] to stop
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ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
08:27
is to continue to improve child survival
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
08:29
to 90 percent.
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ืขื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
08:31
That's why investments by Gates Foundation,
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ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืงืจืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก",
08:33
UNICEF and aid organizations,
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"ื™ื•ื ื™ืกืฃ" ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข,
08:35
together with national government in the poorest countries,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช,
08:37
are so good;
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ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
08:39
because they are actually
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช
08:41
helping us to reach
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ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’
08:43
a sustainable population size of the world.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:45
We can stop at nine billion if we do the right things.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
08:48
Child survival is the new green.
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ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
08:51
It's only by child survival
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ื–ื• ืจืง ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
08:53
that we will stop population growth.
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ืฉืชืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ.
08:56
And will it happen?
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ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”?
08:58
Well, I'm not an optimist,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜,
09:01
neither am I a pessimist.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื ืคืกื™ืžื™ืกื˜.
09:03
I'm a very serious "possibilist."
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ืื ื™ "ืคื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ืกื˜" (ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื) ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:06
It's a new category where we take emotion apart,
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ื–ื• ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ,
09:09
and we just work analytically with the world.
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:11
It can be done.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืžืฉ.
09:14
We can have a much more just world.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืขื•ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:17
With green technology
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ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”
09:19
and with investments to alleviate poverty,
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ื•ืขื ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืงืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™
09:21
and global governance,
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ื•ืขื ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™,
09:23
the world can become like this.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื›ื–ื”.
09:25
And look at the position of the old West.
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ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ.
09:28
Remember when this blue box was all alone,
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื“ื”,
09:31
leading the world, living its own life.
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื—ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœื”.
09:34
This will not happen [again].
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”.
09:36
The role of the old West in the new world
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ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
09:39
is to become the foundation
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืกื™ืก
09:41
of the modern world --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ --
09:43
nothing more, nothing less.
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ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช.
09:45
But it's a very important role.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
09:47
Do it well and get used to it.
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ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืชืชืจื’ืœื• ืœื–ื”.
09:49
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
09:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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