Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison

165,671 views ・ 2011-11-28

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: Alejandra Pérez Reviewer: Guillermo Parra
00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
0
15260
2000
Heu de conèixer Tony. És alumne meu.
00:17
He's about my age,
1
17260
2000
Té més o menys la meua edat.
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
2
19260
3000
i és a la presó estatal de San Quentin.
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
3
22260
3000
Quan Tony tenia 16 anys,
00:25
one day, one moment,
4
25260
3000
un dia, un moment,
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
5
28260
2000
"Era la pistola de la mare.
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
6
30260
2000
Tan sols mostra-la, espanta el xic. És un punk.
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
7
32260
2000
Ha furtat diners; nosaltres li furtarem els seus. Així aprendrà".
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
8
34260
3000
I en l'últim moment, penso: "No ho puc fer. Està malament".
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
9
37260
2000
El meu col·lega diu: "Vinga, fem-ho".
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
10
39260
4000
I jo contesto: "Fem-ho".
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
11
44260
2000
I Tony no oblidarà la seva resposta,
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
12
46260
2000
perquè la següent cosa que sent és el bang de la pistola.
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
13
48260
2000
I allí està el punk, al terra, en un bassal de sang.
00:50
And that's felony murder --
14
50260
2000
I això és un homicidi qualificat,
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
15
52260
2000
cadena perpètua, llibertat condicional als 50 si tens sort,
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
16
54260
3000
i Tony no se sent molt afortunat.
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
17
57260
3000
Així que quan ens coneixem en la meua classe de filosofia a la presó
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
18
60260
4000
i dic: "En aquesta classe tractarem els fonaments de l'ètica",
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
19
64260
2000
Tony m'interromp.
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
20
66260
2000
"I què m'has d'ensenyar tu sobre el bé i el mal?
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
21
68260
3000
Sé el que està malament. He actuat malament.
01:11
I am told every day,
22
71260
2000
Tots els dies,
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
23
73260
3000
cada cara que veig, cada paret que m'envolta, em recorda el que sóc.
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
24
76260
3000
Si alguna vegada isc d'ací, el meu nom quedarà marcat per sempre.
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
25
79260
2000
Sóc un convicte; em titllen de 'dolent'."
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
26
81260
3000
"Què m'has de dir tu sobre el bé i el mal?
01:24
So I say to Tony,
27
84260
3000
Així que li dic:
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
28
87260
3000
"Em sap greu, però és pitjor del que creus.
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
29
90260
2000
Creus que coneixes el bé i el mal?
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
30
92260
2000
Aleshores, pots dir-me què és el mal?
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
31
94260
2000
No, no em donis sols un exemple.
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
32
96260
3000
Vull que em parlis sobre el mal pròpiament dit, la idea de "mal".
01:39
What is that idea?
33
99260
2000
Quina és eixa idea?
01:41
What makes something wrong?
34
101260
2000
Què és el que fa que alguna cosa estigui malament?
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
35
103260
3000
Com sabem que està malament? Potser no estem d'acord.
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
36
106260
2000
Potser un de nosaltres està equivocat sobre què és el mal.
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
37
108260
2000
Potser ets tu, o potser jo, però no estem ací
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
38
110260
2000
per intercanviar opinions; tothom en té una.
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
39
112260
2000
Estem ací pel coneixement.
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
40
114260
4000
El nostre enemic és la irreflexió. Açò és filosofia."
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
41
118260
3000
I sembla que Tony canvia d'actitud.
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
42
123260
3000
"És possible que sigui dolent. Estic cansat de ser-ho.
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
43
126260
2000
Vull saber què és el mal.
02:08
I want to know what I know."
44
128260
2000
Vull saber què sé."
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
45
130260
3000
Allò que veu Tony en eixe moment és el projecte de la filosofia,
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
46
133260
2000
aquell que comença amb la curiositat,
02:15
what Kant called "admiration and awe
47
135260
2000
allò que Kant anomenava "admiració i esglaiament
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
48
137260
3000
pel cel estrellat i la llei moral que conté."
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
49
140260
2000
Què poden saber unes criatures com nosaltres sobre aquest tipus de coses?
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
50
142260
3000
És el projecte que sempre ens retorna a la condició de l'existència,
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
51
145260
3000
allò que Heidegger anomenava "el sempre present."
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
52
148260
3000
És el projecte de preguntar-nos qué creiem i per què ho creiem,
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
53
151260
2000
allò que Sòcrates anomenava "la vida examinada."
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
54
153260
3000
Sòcrates, un home prou savi com per saber que no sap res.
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
55
156260
3000
Sòcrates va morir a la presó,
02:39
his philosophy intact.
56
159260
3000
amb la seua flilosofia intacta.
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
57
162260
2000
Aleshores Tony comença a fer els deures.
02:44
He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
58
164260
2000
Aprén els seus perquès i les seues raons, les causes i correlacions,
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
59
166260
2000
la seua lògica, les seues fal·làcies.
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
60
168260
2000
I resulta que Tony té el do de la filosofia.
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
61
170260
2000
El seu cos és a la presò, però la seua ment és lliure.
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
62
172260
2000
Tony aprén coses sobre tot allò ontològicament promiscu,
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
63
174260
2000
epistemològicament ansiós,
02:56
the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
64
176260
3000
èticament dubtós, metafísicament ridícul.
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
65
179260
2000
És a dir, Plató, Descartes, Nietzsche
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
66
181260
2000
i Joel Clinton.
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
67
183260
3000
Així que quan em dóna el treball final,
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
68
186260
2000
en el qual argumenta que l'imperatiu categòric
03:08
is perhaps too uncompromising
69
188260
2000
és, possiblement, massa inflexible
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
70
190260
2000
per fer front al conflicte que afecta el nostre dia a dia
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
71
192260
2000
i em desafia a dir-li
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
72
194260
2000
si, en eixe cas, estem condemnats al fracàs moral.
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
73
196260
2000
I jo dic: "No ho sé.
03:18
Let us think about that."
74
198260
2000
Reflexionem-hi."
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
75
200260
2000
Perquè en eixe moment no hi ha marca en el nom de Tony;
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
76
202260
2000
som només ell i jo.
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
77
204260
2000
No som un professor i un convicte,
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
78
206260
2000
només dos ments disposades a filosofar.
03:28
And I say to Tony,
79
208260
2000
I li dic:
03:30
"Let's do this."
80
210260
3000
"Fem-ho."
03:33
Thank you.
81
213260
2000
Gràcies.
03:35
(Applause)
82
215260
9000
(APLAUDIMENTS)
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7