Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison

165,373 views ・ 2011-11-28

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Translator: Alejandra Pérez Reviewer: Guillermo Parra
00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
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Heu de conèixer Tony. És alumne meu.
00:17
He's about my age,
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Té més o menys la meua edat.
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
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i és a la presó estatal de San Quentin.
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
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Quan Tony tenia 16 anys,
00:25
one day, one moment,
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un dia, un moment,
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
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"Era la pistola de la mare.
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
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Tan sols mostra-la, espanta el xic. És un punk.
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
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Ha furtat diners; nosaltres li furtarem els seus. Així aprendrà".
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
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I en l'últim moment, penso: "No ho puc fer. Està malament".
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
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El meu col·lega diu: "Vinga, fem-ho".
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
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I jo contesto: "Fem-ho".
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
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I Tony no oblidarà la seva resposta,
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
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perquè la següent cosa que sent és el bang de la pistola.
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
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I allí està el punk, al terra, en un bassal de sang.
00:50
And that's felony murder --
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I això és un homicidi qualificat,
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
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cadena perpètua, llibertat condicional als 50 si tens sort,
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
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i Tony no se sent molt afortunat.
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
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Així que quan ens coneixem en la meua classe de filosofia a la presó
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
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i dic: "En aquesta classe tractarem els fonaments de l'ètica",
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
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Tony m'interromp.
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
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"I què m'has d'ensenyar tu sobre el bé i el mal?
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
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Sé el que està malament. He actuat malament.
01:11
I am told every day,
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Tots els dies,
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
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cada cara que veig, cada paret que m'envolta, em recorda el que sóc.
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
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Si alguna vegada isc d'ací, el meu nom quedarà marcat per sempre.
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
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Sóc un convicte; em titllen de 'dolent'."
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
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"Què m'has de dir tu sobre el bé i el mal?
01:24
So I say to Tony,
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Així que li dic:
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
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"Em sap greu, però és pitjor del que creus.
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
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Creus que coneixes el bé i el mal?
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
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Aleshores, pots dir-me què és el mal?
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
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No, no em donis sols un exemple.
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
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Vull que em parlis sobre el mal pròpiament dit, la idea de "mal".
01:39
What is that idea?
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Quina és eixa idea?
01:41
What makes something wrong?
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Què és el que fa que alguna cosa estigui malament?
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
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Com sabem que està malament? Potser no estem d'acord.
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
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Potser un de nosaltres està equivocat sobre què és el mal.
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
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Potser ets tu, o potser jo, però no estem ací
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
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per intercanviar opinions; tothom en té una.
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
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Estem ací pel coneixement.
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
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El nostre enemic és la irreflexió. Açò és filosofia."
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
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I sembla que Tony canvia d'actitud.
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
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"És possible que sigui dolent. Estic cansat de ser-ho.
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
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Vull saber què és el mal.
02:08
I want to know what I know."
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Vull saber què sé."
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
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Allò que veu Tony en eixe moment és el projecte de la filosofia,
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
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aquell que comença amb la curiositat,
02:15
what Kant called "admiration and awe
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allò que Kant anomenava "admiració i esglaiament
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
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pel cel estrellat i la llei moral que conté."
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
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Què poden saber unes criatures com nosaltres sobre aquest tipus de coses?
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
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És el projecte que sempre ens retorna a la condició de l'existència,
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
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allò que Heidegger anomenava "el sempre present."
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
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És el projecte de preguntar-nos qué creiem i per què ho creiem,
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
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allò que Sòcrates anomenava "la vida examinada."
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
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Sòcrates, un home prou savi com per saber que no sap res.
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
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Sòcrates va morir a la presó,
02:39
his philosophy intact.
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amb la seua flilosofia intacta.
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
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Aleshores Tony comença a fer els deures.
02:44
He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
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Aprén els seus perquès i les seues raons, les causes i correlacions,
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
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la seua lògica, les seues fal·làcies.
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
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I resulta que Tony té el do de la filosofia.
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
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El seu cos és a la presò, però la seua ment és lliure.
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
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Tony aprén coses sobre tot allò ontològicament promiscu,
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
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epistemològicament ansiós,
02:56
the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
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èticament dubtós, metafísicament ridícul.
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
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És a dir, Plató, Descartes, Nietzsche
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
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i Joel Clinton.
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
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Així que quan em dóna el treball final,
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
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en el qual argumenta que l'imperatiu categòric
03:08
is perhaps too uncompromising
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és, possiblement, massa inflexible
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
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per fer front al conflicte que afecta el nostre dia a dia
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
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i em desafia a dir-li
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
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si, en eixe cas, estem condemnats al fracàs moral.
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
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I jo dic: "No ho sé.
03:18
Let us think about that."
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Reflexionem-hi."
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
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Perquè en eixe moment no hi ha marca en el nom de Tony;
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
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som només ell i jo.
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
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No som un professor i un convicte,
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
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només dos ments disposades a filosofar.
03:28
And I say to Tony,
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I li dic:
03:30
"Let's do this."
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"Fem-ho."
03:33
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
03:35
(Applause)
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(APLAUDIMENTS)
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