Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison

168,211 views ใƒป 2011-11-28

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Faisal Jeber ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
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ู‚ุงุจู„ูˆุง ุชูˆู†ูŠ. ุงู†ู‡ ุทุงู„ุจูŠ.
00:17
He's about my age,
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ุงู†ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุนู…ุฑูŠ ุŒ
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุณุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุณุฌู† ุณุงู† ูƒูˆูŠู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠ.
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุชูˆู†ูŠ ุจุนู…ุฑ 16 ุนุงู…ุง ุŒ
00:25
one day, one moment,
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ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุŒ ู„ุญุธุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
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"ูƒุงู†ุช ุจู†ุฏู‚ูŠุฉ ุฃู…ูŠ.
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
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ูู‚ุท ู„ูˆุญ ุจู‡ุง ุŒ ู„ูŠุฎูŠู ุงู„ุฑุฌู„. ุงู†ู‡ ูุงุณู‚.
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
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ุฃุฎุฐ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ุณูˆู ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุงู„ู‡. ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠู„ู‚ู†ู‡ ุฏุฑุณุง.
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
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ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃููƒุฑุŒ "ู„ุง ุชูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง. ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุทุฃ. "
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
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ุฑููŠู‚ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ : "ู‡ูŠุง ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง."
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
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ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ "ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง."
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆู†ูŠ ุณูŠุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ุŒ
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณู…ุน ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆุจ.
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูุงุณู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุŒ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุก.
00:50
And that's felony murder --
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ --
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
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25 ุณู†ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุท ููŠ 50 ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุญุธูˆุธุงุŒ
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
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ูˆุชูˆู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุญุธูˆุธ ุฌุฏุง.
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฌุชู…ุน ููŠ ุฏุฑุณูŠ ู„ู„ูู„ุณูุฉ ููŠ ุณุฌู†ู‡
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ : "ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ุŒ ุณู†ู†ุงู‚ุด ุฃุณุณ ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚"
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
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ุชูˆู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ุงุทุนู†ูŠ.
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
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"ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชุนู„ู…ู†ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุตูˆุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุฎุทุฃุŸ
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ. ู„ู‚ุฏ ูุนู„ุช ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ.
01:11
I am told every day,
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ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุŒ
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
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ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ูˆุฌู‡ ุฃุฑุงู‡ ุŒ ูƒู„ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุฃูˆุงุฌู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุฎุทุฆ.
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃุญุตู„ ูˆุฎุฑุฌุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณู…ูŠ.
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
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ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญูƒูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุตูˆู "ุจุงู„ุฎุงุทุฆ".
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุตูˆุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุฎุทุฃุŸ "
01:24
So I say to Tony,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุชูˆู†ูŠ
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
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"ุนุฐุฑุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ.
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
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ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุญู‚ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุทู„ุŸ
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
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ุซู… ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃุŸ
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
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ู„ุง ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุนุทู†ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ุง ูู‚ุท.
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฆุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุŒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ ุฎุทุฃ.
01:39
What is that idea?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ
01:41
What makes something wrong?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ุง ุฎุงุทุฆุงุŸ
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
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ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฃุŸ ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃูˆุงูู‚.
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ุง ู…ุฎุทุฆุงู‹ ุนู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ.
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุญุงู† ู„ูƒู… ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุญุงู† ู„ูŠ -- ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุชุจุงุฏู„ ู„ุขุฑุงุกุ›
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
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ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฑุฃูŠ.
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
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ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ.
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
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ุนุฏูˆู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฅูƒุชุฑุงุซ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูู„ุณูุฉ ".
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
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ูˆ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ู„ู€ ูˆุชูˆู†ูŠ.
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
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"ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎุทุฆุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุชุนุจุช ู…ู† ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุฎุงุทุฆ.
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ.
02:08
I want to know what I know."
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑูู‡ ".
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
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ู…ุง ูŠุฑู‰ ุชูˆู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ูู„ุณูุฉ ุŒ
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
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ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุงุคู„ --
02:15
what Kant called "admiration and awe
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ู…ุง ุฏุนุงู‡ ูƒุงู†ุท "ุงู„ุฅุนุฌุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุฑู‡ุจุฉ
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
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ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุตุนุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุฌูˆู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„. "
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ุซู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุชุนุฑู ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŸ
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ --
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
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ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุฏุฌุฑ "ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุงู„ูุนู„."
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
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ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุชุณุงุคู„ ุนู…ุง ู†ุคู…ู† ุจู‡ ูˆู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง --
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
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ู…ุง ุฏุนุงู‡ ุณู‚ุฑุงุท ุจู€ "ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุจุฉ".
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
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ุณู‚ุฑุงุทุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ ุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุดูŠุฆุง.
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
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ุณู‚ุฑุงุท ู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู† ุŒ
02:39
his philosophy intact.
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ูู„ุณูุชู‡ ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ.
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
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ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจูˆุงุฌุจุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠุฉ.
02:44
He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู… ู„ู‡ ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ ูˆุญูŠุซูŠุงุช ูˆุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุจุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
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ู„ู‡ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุŒ ู…ุบุงู„ุทุงุชู‡.
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
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ุชุจูŠู† ุŒ ุงู† ุชูˆู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‰ ุนุถู„ุฉ ูู„ุณููŠุฉ.
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
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ุฌุณุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู† ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู‚ู„ู‡ ุญุฑ.
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
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ุชูˆู†ูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠุฉุŒ
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
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ูˆุงู„ุญุฑุต ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠุŒ
02:56
the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
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ุดูƒูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุณุฎุงูุฉ ุงู„ุบูŠุจูŠ.
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃูู„ุงุทูˆู† ูˆุฏูŠูƒุงุฑุช ูˆู†ูŠุชุดู‡
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
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ูˆุจูŠู„ ูƒู„ูŠู†ุชูˆู†.
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
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ุญุชู‰ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุฑู‚ุชู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุŒ
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุญุชู…ูŠุฉ
03:08
is perhaps too uncompromising
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
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ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุตุฑุงุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
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ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
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ู„ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุญูƒูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุดู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุŒ
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
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ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„ : "ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู.
03:18
Let us think about that."
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ".
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุจุฃุณู… ุชูˆู†ูŠุ›
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
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ู†ุญู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ู‚ู ุฃู…ุงู…ู‡ุง.
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
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ู„ุณู†ุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ูˆ ู…ุญูƒูˆู…ุŒ
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
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ุงู†ู†ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุนู‚ู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู„ุชูู„ุณู.
03:28
And I say to Tony,
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ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุชูˆู†ูŠ
03:30
"Let's do this."
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"ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง."
03:33
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู….
03:35
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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