Aditi Shankardass: A second opinion on learning disorders

Prevodilac: Sandra Gojic Lektor: Ivana Korom

When I was 10 years old,

Kada sam imala 10 godina,

a cousin of mine took me on a tour of his medical school.

moj rođak me je odveo u obilazak svoje medicinske škole.

And as a special treat,

I kao posebnu nagradu,

he took me to the pathology lab

odveo me je u patološku laboratoriju

and took a real human brain

i uzeo pravi ljudski mozak

out of the jar

iz tegle

and placed it in my hands.

i stavio ga u moje ruke.

And there it was,

I tu je bio,

the seat of human consciousness,

centar ljudske svesti,

the powerhouse of the human body,

akumulator ljudskog tela,

sitting in my hands.

u mojim rukama.

And that day I knew that when I grew up,

I tog dana sam znala da kada porastem,

I was going to become a brain doctor,

postaću doktor za mozak,

scientist, something or the other.

naučnik, jedno ili drugo.

Years later, when I finally grew up,

Godinama kasnije, kada sam konačno odrasla,

my dream came true.

moj san se ostvario.

And it was while I was doing my Ph.D.

I tokom mog doktorata

on the neurological causes

na temu neuroloških uzroka

of dyslexia in children

disleksije kod dece

that I encountered a startling fact

naišla sam na zapanjujuću činjenicu

that I'd like to share with you all today.

koju bih volela da podelim sa vama danas.

It is estimated that one in six children,

Procenjeno je da jedno od šestoro dece,

that's one in six children,

to je jedno od šestoro dece,

suffer from some developmental disorder.

pati od nekog razvojnog poremećaja.

This is a disorder that

Ovo je poremećaj koji

retards mental development in the child

unazađuje mentalni razvoj deteta,

and causes permanent mental impairments.

i izaziva trajne mentalne nedostatke.

Which means that each and every one of you here today

Što znači da svako od vas ovde danas

knows at least one child that is suffering

zna bar jedno dete koje pati

from a developmental disorder.

od razvojnog poremećaja.

But here's what really perplexed me.

Ali evo šta me je stvarno zbunjivalo.

Despite the fact that each

Uprkos činjenici da

and every one of these disorders

svaki od ovih poremećaja

originates in the brain,

nastaje u mozgu,

most of these disorders

većina ovih poremećaja

are diagnosed solely on the basis

se isključivo dijagnostikuje na osnovu

of observable behavior.

vidljivog ponašanja.

But diagnosing a brain disorder

Ali dijagnostikovati poremećaj u mozgu

without actually looking at the brain

bez stvarnog gledanja u mozak

is analogous to treating a patient with a heart problem

je isto kao lečenje pacijenta sa srčanim problemom

based on their physical symptoms,

zasnovano na njegovim fizičkim simptomima,

without even doing an ECG or a chest X-ray

bez EKGa ili rendgenskog snimka grudi

to look at the heart.

kako bi se videlo srce.

It seemed so intuitive to me.

Izgledalo mi je intuitivno.

To diagnose and treat a brain disorder accurately,

Za tačno dijagnostikovanje i lečenje poremećaja na mozgu,

it would be necessary to look at the brain directly.

potreban je direktan pogled na mozak.

Looking at behavior alone

Gledajući samo ponašanje,

can miss a vital piece of the puzzle

može da nam promakne značajan delić slagalice

and provide an incomplete, or even a misleading,

i da imamo nepotpunu, ili čak pogrešnu,

picture of the child's problems.

sliku dečijih problema.

Yet, despite all the advances in medical technology,

Ipak, uprkos svom napretku medicinske tehnologije,

the diagnosis of brain disorders

dijagnostikovanje moždanih poremećaja,

in one in six children

kod jednog od šestoro dece,

still remained so limited.

i dalje je bilo ograničeno.

And then I came across a team at Harvard University

A onda sam naišla na tim na Harvardu

that had taken one such advanced medical technology

koji je uzeo jednu od ovi naprednih medicinskih tehnologija

and finally applied it,

i konačno je primenio,

instead of in brain research,

umesto za istraživanje mozga,

towards diagnosing brain disorders in children.

na polje dijagnostikovanja poremećaja na mozgu kod dece.

Their groundbreaking technology

Njihova revolucionarna tehnologija

records the EEG, or the electrical activity

pravi zapis EEGa ili električne aktivnosti

of the brain, in real time,

mozga u stvarnom vremenu,

allowing us to watch the brain

dozvoljavajući nam da gledamo mozak

as it performs various functions

dok izvodi različite funkcije

and then detect even the slightest abnormality

i da potom registrujemo i najmanju abnormalnost

in any of these functions:

u bilo kojoj od ovih funkcija,

vision, attention, language, audition.

vid, pažnja, jezik, sluh.

A program called Brain Electrical

Program se zove Mapiranje električne

Activity Mapping

aktivnosti mozga

then triangulates the source

i on deli izvor

of that abnormality in the brain.

te abnormalnosti u mozgu.

And another program called

I još jedan program zvan

Statistical Probability Mapping

Mapiranje statističke verovatnoće

then performs mathematical calculations

potom izvodi matematičke proračune

to determine whether any of these abnormalities

da utvrdi da li je bilo koja od ovih abnormalnosti

are clinically significant,

klinički značajna,

allowing us to provide a much more accurate

dozvoljavajući nam da obezbedimo mnogo tačnije

neurological diagnosis

neurološke dijagnoze

of the child's symptoms.

dečijih simptoma.

And so I became the head of neurophysiology

Tako da sam postala načelnik tima

for the clinical arm of this team,

za neurofiziologiju na klinici.

and we're finally able to use this technology

I mi smo konačno u mogućnosti da iskoristimo ovu tehnologiju

towards actually helping

u pravcu stvarnog pomaganja

children with brain disorders.

deci sa moždanim poremećajima.

And I'm happy to say that I'm now in the process

I srećna sam da kažem da sam trenutno u procesu

of setting up this technology here in India.

postavljanja ove tehnologije ovde u Indiji.

I'd like to tell you about one such child,

Želim da vam kažem o jednom takvom detetu,

whose story was also covered by ABC News.

čiju su priču prenele ABC vesti.

Seven-year-old Justin Senigar

Sedmogodišnji Džastin Senigar

came to our clinic with this diagnosis

došao je na našu kliniku sa dijagnozom

of very severe autism.

ozbiljnog autizma.

Like many autistic children,

Kao kod mnoge autistične dece,

his mind was locked inside his body.

njegov um je bio zatvoren unutar njegovog tela.

There were moments when he would

Postojali su momenti kada bi se on

actually space out for seconds at a time.

zapravo isključio na nekoliko sekundi.

And the doctors told his parents

I doktori su rekli njegovim roditeljima

he was never going to be able

da nikada neće biti u stanju

to communicate or interact socially,

da komunicira ili da bude socijalno aktivan,

and he would probably never have too much language.

i da verovatno nikada neće mnogo govoriti.

When we used this groundbreaking EEG technology

Kada smo iskoristili ovu revolucionarnu EEG tehnologiju

to actually look at Justin's brain,

da pogledamo u Džastinov mozak,

the results were startling.

rezultati su bili zapanjujući.

It turned out that Justin was almost

Ispostavilo se da Džastin skoro sigurno

certainly not autistic.

nije autističan.

He was suffering from brain seizures

Patio je od moždanih napada

that were impossible to see with the naked eye,

koje je bilo nemoguće videti golim okom,

but that were actually causing symptoms

ali koji su ustvari izazivali simptome

that mimicked those of autism.

slične onima kod autizma.

After Justin was given anti-seizure medication,

Nakon što je Džastinu dat lek protiv napada,

the change in him was amazing.

promena u njemu je bila neverovatna.

Within a period of 60 days,

Za period od 60 dana.

his vocabulary went from two to three words

njegov rečnik je sa dve-tri reči prešao

to 300 words.

na 300 reči.

And his communication and social interaction

I njegova komunikacija i interakcija u društvu

were improved so dramatically

toliko dramatično su napredovali,

that he was enrolled into a regular school

da se on uključio u redovnu školu

and even became a karate super champ.

i čak postao super šampion u karateu.

Research shows that 50 percent of children,

Istraživanje pokazuje da 50 posto dece,

almost 50 percent of children

skoro 50 posto dece

diagnosed with autism

kojima je dijagnostikovan autizam,

are actually suffering from hidden brain seizures.

ustvari pati od skrivenih moždanih napada.

These are the faces of the children

Ovo su lica dece

that I have tested

koje sam testirala

with stories just like Justin.

sa pričama poput Džastinove.

All these children

Sva ova deca

came to our clinic with a diagnosis

su došla na našu kliniku sa dijagnozom

of autism, attention deficit disorder,

autizma, poremećajem pažnje,

mental retardation, language problems.

mentalne nedovoljne razvijenosti, problemima sa jezikom.

Instead, our EEG scans revealed

Umesto toga, naš EEG skener je otkrio

very specific problems hidden within their brains

vrlo specifične probleme sakrivene u njihovim mozgovima

that couldn't possibly have been detected

koji nikako nisu mogli biti otkriveni

by their behavioral assessments.

procenom njihovog ponašanja.

So these EEG scans

Dakle ove EEG slike

enabled us to provide these children

omogućile su da obezbedimo ovoj deci

with a much more accurate neurological diagnosis

mnogo precizniju neurološku dijagnozu

and much more targeted treatment.

i mnogo usmereniji tretman.

For too long now, children with developmental disorders

Previše dugo, deca sa razvojnim poremećajima

have suffered from misdiagnosis

pate od pogrešnih dijagnoza

while their real problems have gone undetected

dok njihovi stvarni problemi prolaze neotkriveni

and left to worsen.

i ostavljeni da se pogoršaju.

And for too long, these children and their parents

I previše dugo, ova deca i njihovi roditelji

have suffered undue frustration and desperation.

pate od nepotrebne frustracije i očaja.

But we are now in a new era of neuroscience,

Ali sada smo u novoj eri neuronauke,

one in which we can finally look

u kojoj konačno možemo da gledamo

directly at brain function in real time

direktno u moždane funkcije u realnom vremenu

with no risks and no side effects, non-invasively,

bez rizika ili sporednih efekata, neinvazivno,

and find the true source

i da pronađemo pravi izvor

of so many disabilities in children.

mnogih poremećaja kod dece.

So if I could inspire

Dakle, ako mogu da inspirišem

even a fraction of you in the audience today

čak i deo vas u publici danas

to share this pioneering diagnostic approach

da podeli ovaj novi dijagnostički pristup

with even one parent whose child

sa samo jednim roditeljem čije dete

is suffering from a developmental disorder,

pati od nekog oblika razvojnog poremećaja,

then perhaps one more puzzle

onda možda još jedna slagalica

in one more brain will be solved.

u još jednom mozgu može biti rešena.

One more mind will be unlocked.

Još jedan um će biti otključan.

And one more child who has been misdiagnosed

I još jedno dete čija je dijagnoza pogrešna

or even undiagnosed by the system

ili neregistrovana u sistemu

will finally realize his or her true potential

će ostvariti svoj potencijal

while there's still time

dok još ima vremena

for his or her brain to recover.

za oporavak mozga.

And all this by simply watching the child's brainwaves.

I sve to jednostavnim gledanjem detetovih moždanih talasa.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(aplauz)