Dare to Educate Afghan Girls | Shabana Basij-Rasikh | TED Talks

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Tomas Herda Reviewer: Jana Kelemen

When I was 11,

Keď som mala 11,

I remember waking up one morning to the sound of joy in my house.

spomínam si, ako som sa jedného rána zobudila na radostné zvuky v mojom dome.

My father was listening to BBC News

Môj otec práve počúval Správy BBC

on his small, gray radio.

na svojom malom, sivom rádiu.

There was a big smile on his face which was unusual then,

Mal na tvári veľký úsmev, čo bolo vtedy nezvyčajné,

because the news mostly depressed him.

lebo správy ho väčšinou deprimovali.

"The Taliban are gone!" my father shouted.

"Taliban je preč!" vykríkol môj otec.

I didn't know what it meant,

Nevedela som, čo to znamená,

but I could see that my father was very, very happy.

ale videla som, že môj otec je veľmi, veľmi šťastný.

"You can go to a real school now," he said.

"Teraz môžeš chodiť do skutočnej školy," povedal.

A morning that I will never forget.

Ráno, na ktoré nikdy nezabudnem.

A real school.

Skutočná škola.

You see, I was six when the Taliban took over Afghanistan

Viete, mala som šesť, keď sa Taliban zmocnil Afganistanu

and made it illegal for girls to go to school.

a zakázal dievčatám chodiť do školy.

So for the next five years, I dressed as a boy

Takže ďalších päť rokov som sa prezliekala za chlapca,

to escort my older sister, who was no longer allowed

aby som sprevádzala moju staršiu sestru, ktorá už mala zakázané

to be outside alone, to a secret school.

zdržiavať sa vonku sama, do tajnej školy.

It was the only way we both could be educated.

Bol to pre nás jediná možnosť, ako získať vzdelanie.

Each day, we took a different route

Každý deň sme išli inou cestou

so that no one would suspect where we were going.

aby nikto nevedel, kam ideme.

We would cover our books in grocery bags

Učebnice sme mali zabalené v nákupných taškách

so it would seem we were just out shopping.

aby to vyzeralo, že sme len išli na nákupy.

The school was in a house,

Škola bola v rodinnom dome,

more than 100 of us packed in one small living room.

viac ako 100 z nás natlačených v jednej malej obývačke.

It was cozy in winter but extremely hot in summer.

V zime tam bolo útulne, ale v lete zase extrémne horúco.

We all knew we were risking our lives --

Všetci sme vedeli, že riskujeme život -

the teacher, the students and our parents.

učiteľ, študenti a naši rodičia.

From time to time, the school would suddenly be canceled

Čas od času bola škola zrazu na týždeň zrušená,

for a week because Taliban were suspicious.

lebo Taliban bol podozieravý.

We always wondered what they knew about us.

Nikdy sme nevedeli, čo o nás vedia.

Were we being followed?

Sledujú nás?

Do they know where we live?

Vedia, kde bývame?

We were scared,

Mali sme strach,

but still, school was where we wanted to be.

ale napriek tomu bola škola miestom, kde sme chceli byť.

I was very lucky to grow up in a family

Mala som to šťastie, že som vyrastala v rodine,

where education was prized and daughters were treasured.

pre ktorú bolo vzdelanie hodnotou a dcéry si vážili.

My grandfather was an extraordinary man for his time.

Môj dedko bol na svoje časy výnimočný človek.

A total maverick from a remote province of Afghanistan,

Totálny individualista z odľahlej provincie Afganistanu,

he insisted that his daughter, my mom,

ktorý trval na tom, aby jeho dcéra - moja mama -

go to school, and for that he was disowned by his father.

išla do školy, za čo ho vlastný otec zaprel.

But my educated mother became a teacher.

Ale moja vzdelaná matka sa stala učiteľkou.

There she is.

To je ona.

She retired two years ago, only to turn our house

Pred dvoma rokmi išla do dôchodku, a hneď premenila náš dom

into a school for girls and women in our neighborhood.

na školu pre dievčatá a ženy z nášho okolia.

And my father -- that's him --

A môj otec - to je on -

he was the first ever in his family to receive an education.

bol vôbec prvým vo svojej rodine, ktorý získal vzdelanie.

There was no question that his children

Nebolo pochýb, že jeho deti

would receive an education, including his daughters,

takisto získajú vzdelanie, vrátane jeho dcér,

despite the Taliban, despite the risks.

napriek Talibanu, napriek rizikám.

To him, there was greater risk in not educating his children.

Preňho bolo väčším rizikom svoje deti nevzdelávať.

During Taliban years, I remember

Pamätám si, ako som bola počas rokov Talibanu

there were times I would get so frustrated by our life

niekedy veľmi frustrovaná z nášho života

and always being scared and not seeing a future.

a stále som mala strach a nevidela som žiadnu budúcnosť.

I would want to quit,

Chcela som skončiť,

but my father,

ale môj otec

he would say,

hovorieval:

"Listen, my daughter,

"Počúvaj, dcéra moja,

you can lose everything you own in your life.

vo svojom živote môžeš prísť o všetko, čo máš.

Your money can be stolen. You can be forced to leave your home during a war.

Môžu ti ukradnúť peniaze. Počas vojny ťa možno donútia opustiť svoj domov.

But the one thing that will always remain with you

Ale jedna vec, ktorá s tebou vždy ostane

is what is here,

je to, čo máš tu.

and if we have to sell our blood to pay your school fees,

A ak budeme musieť predať našu krv na zaplatenie tvojho školného,

we will.

tak ju predáme.

So do you still not want to continue?"

Tak čo, ešte stále nechceš pokračovať?"

Today I am 22.

Dnes mám 22.

I was raised in a country that has been destroyed

Bola som vychovaná v krajine, ktorá bola zničená

by decades of war.

desaťročiami vojny.

Fewer than six percent of women my age have made it beyond high school,

Menej ako šesť percent žien v mojom veku to dotiahlo ďalej, ako na strednú školu,

and had my family not been so committed to my education,

a keby moja rodina nebola natoľko oddaná môjmu vzdelaniu,

I would be one of them.

bola by som jednou z nich.

Instead, I stand here a proud graduate of Middlebury College.

Namiesto toho tu stojím ako hrdá absolventka Middlebury College.

(Applause)

(Potlesk)

When I returned to Afghanistan, my grandfather,

Keď som sa vrátila do Afganistanu, môj dedko

the one exiled from his home for daring to educate his daughters,

- ten, ktorého vyhnali z domova za to, že sa opovážil vzdelávať svoje dcéry -

was among the first to congratulate me.

bol medzi prvými, ktorí mi gratulovali.

He not only brags about my college degree,

Chváli sa nielen mojím vysokoškolským titulom,

but also that I was the first woman,

ale tiež tým, že som bola prvou ženou,

and that I am the first woman

a že som prvou ženou,

to drive him through the streets of Kabul.

ktorá ho vozí autom ulicami Kábulu.

(Applause)

(Potlesk)

My family believes in me.

Moja rodina vo mňa verí.

I dream big, but my family dreams even bigger for me.

Mám veľké sny, ale moja rodina ich má ešte väčšie.

That's why I am a global ambassador for 10x10,

Preto som svetovou veľvyslankyňou za 10x10,

a global campaign to educate women.

globálnu kampaň za vzdelávanie žien.

That's why I cofounded SOLA,

Preto som spoluzakladala SOLA,

the first and perhaps only boarding school

prvú a asi aj jedinú internátnu školu

for girls in Afghanistan,

pre dievčatá v Afganistane,

a country where it's still risky for girls to go to school.

v krajine, kde je pre dievčatá ešte stále riskantné chodiť do školy.

The exciting thing is that I see students at my school

Je vzrušujúce vidieť na mojej škole študentky

with ambition grabbing at opportunity.

s ambíciami chopiť sa príležitosti.

And I see their parents and their fathers

A vidím ich rodičov a ich otcov

who, like my own, advocate for them,

ktorí - tak ako ten môj - sa o ne zasadzujú,

despite and even in the face of daunting opposition.

a to aj priamo do tváre zastrašujúcim odporcom.

Like Ahmed. That's not his real name,

Ako Ahmed. To nie je jeho pravé meno

and I cannot show you his face,

a nemôžem vám ukázať jeho tvár,

but Ahmed is the father of one of my students.

ale Ahmed je otec jednej z mojich študentiek.

Less than a month ago, he and his daughter

Menej ako pred mesiacom boli so svojou dcérou

were on their way from SOLA to their village,

na ceste zo SOLA do ich dediny,

and they literally missed being killed

a doslova iba o niekoľko minút sa vyhli zabitiu

by a roadside bomb by minutes.

bombou pri ceste.

As he arrived home, the phone rang,

Keď prišiel domov, zazvonil telefón.

a voice warning him

Varovali ho,

that if he sent his daughter back to school,

že ak pošle svoju dcéru znovu do školy,

they would try again.

pokúsia sa o to opäť.

"Kill me now, if you wish," he said,

"Zabite ma aj teraz, ak chcete," povedal,

"but I will not ruin my daughter's future

"ale nebudem ničiť budúcnosť mojej dcéry

because of your old and backward ideas."

len kvôli vašim starým a spiatočníckym názorom."

What I've come to realize about Afghanistan,

Uvedomila som si o Afganistane

and this is something that is often dismissed in the West,

- a toto sa často na Západe prehliada -

that behind most of us who succeed

že za väčšinou z nás, ktoré sme uspeli

is a father who recognizes the value in his daughter

je otec, ktorý uznáva hodnotu svojej dcéry

and who sees that her success is his success.

a ktorý považuje jej úspech za svoj vlastný.

It's not to say that our mothers aren't key in our success.

To neznamená, že naše matky nie sú pre náš úspech kľúčové.

In fact, they're often the initial and convincing negotiators

V skutočnosti sú to často ony, ktoré začnú presvedčivo vyjednávať

of a bright future for their daughters,

za lepšiu budúcnosť svojich dcér,

but in the context of a society like in Afghanistan,

ale v kontexte spoločnosti aká je v Afganistane,

we must have the support of men.

musíme mať podporu mužov.

Under the Taliban, girls who went to school

Pod vládou Talibanu bolo dievčat, ktoré chodili do školy,

numbered in the hundreds --

rádovo v stovkách -

remember, it was illegal.

ako som povedala, bolo to nezákonné.

But today, more than three million girls are in school in Afghanistan.

Ale dnes chodí do školy v Afganistane viac ako tri milióny dievčat.

(Applause)

(Potlesk)

Afghanistan looks so different from here in America.

Afganistan vyzerá odtiaľto z Ameriky veľmi odlišne.

I find that Americans see the fragility in changes.

Zisťujem, že Američania považujú zmeny za krehké.

I fear that these changes will not last

Mám strach, že po stiahnutí amerických vojakov

much beyond the U.S. troops' withdrawal.

tieto zmeny nepotrvajú veľmi dlho.

But when I am back in Afghanistan,

Ale keď som späť v Afganistane,

when I see the students in my school

keď vidím študentky v mojej škole

and their parents who advocate for them,

a ich rodičov, ktorí sa za ne zasadzujú,

who encourage them, I see a promising future

ktorí ich povzbudzujú, vidím sľubnú budúcnosť

and lasting change.

a trvácne zmeny.

To me, Afghanistan is a country of hope and boundless possibilities,

Pre mňa je Afganistan krajinou nádeje a neobmedzených možností

and every single day

a dievčatá zo SOLA

the girls of SOLA remind me of that.

mi to pripomínajú každý jeden deň.

Like me, they are dreaming big.

Rovnako ako ja, aj ony majú veľké sny.

Thank you.

Ďakujem.

(Applause)

(Potlesk)