How to grow fresh air | Kamal Meattle

500,475 views ใƒป 2009-03-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Noam Sela ืžื‘ืงืจ: Yifat Adler
00:12
Some 17 years ago, I became allergic to Delhi's air.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›-17 ืฉื ื™ื, ืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืœื”ื™.
00:17
My doctors told me that my lung capacity
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ืจื•ืคืื™ ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™
00:20
had gone down to 70 percent,
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ื™ืจื“ื” ืœ-70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
00:22
and it was killing me.
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ื•ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื•ืชื™.
00:23
With the help of IIT,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ืฉืœ IIT (ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”), TERI (ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื),
00:26
TERI, and learnings from NASA,
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ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืืก"ื (ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช),
00:28
we discovered that there are three
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื”
00:31
basic green plants,
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ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื,
00:33
common green plants, with which
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ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื, ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ืื ื•
00:35
we can grow all the fresh air
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื ืงื™
00:36
we need indoors to keep us healthy.
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ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•.
00:39
We've also found that you can
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื’ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
00:41
reduce the fresh air requirements
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ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื ืงื™
00:43
into the building, while maintaining
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ
00:45
industry indoor air-quality standards.
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ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
00:48
The three plants are Areca palm,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ื: ื“ืงืœ ืืจื™ืงื”,
00:50
Mother-in-Law's Tongue and money plant.
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ื›ื™ื“ื•ื ืŸ ืชืœืช-ืคืกื™ ื•ืคื•ื˜ื•ืก.
00:54
The botanical names are in front of you.
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ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื.
00:58
Areca palm is a plant which
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ื“ืงืœ ืืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืืฉืจ
01:00
removes CO2 and converts it into oxygen.
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ืžืกื™ืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื•ืžืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืžืฆืŸ.
01:04
We need four shoulder-high plants per person,
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœ-4 ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืชืฃ ืœืื“ื.
01:08
and in terms of plant care,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืžื—,
01:10
we need to wipe the leaves
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื’ื‘ ืืช ืขืœื™ื•
01:11
every day in Delhi, and perhaps
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ื‘ื“ืœื”ื™ - ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข
01:13
once a week in cleaner-air cities.
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:15
We had to grow them in vermi manure,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืฉืŸ ืชื•ืœืขื™ื,
01:18
which is sterile, or hydroponics,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื˜ืจื™ืœื™, ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื ื™,
01:21
and take them outdoors every three to four months.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ืœ 3-4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:25
The second plant is Mother-in-law's Tongue,
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ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื“ื•ื ืŸ ื”ืชืœืช-ืคืกื™.
01:28
which is again a very common plant,
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ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ื ืคื•ืฅ,
01:30
and we call it a bedroom plant,
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• 'ืฆืžื— ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื ื”',
01:32
because it converts CO2 into oxygen at night.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžื™ืจ ืคื—ืฆืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืœื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
01:35
And we need six to eight waist-high plants per person.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ืœืื“ื.
01:40
The third plant is money plant,
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ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืก,
01:42
and this is again a very common plant;
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ื ืคื•ืฅ ืžืื•ื“
01:45
preferably grows in hydroponics.
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ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื ื™.
01:48
And this particular plant removes formaldehydes
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ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืกื™ืจ ืคื•ืจืžืืœื“ื”ื™ื“ื™ื
01:51
and other volatile chemicals.
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ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:52
With these three plants,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
01:54
you can grow all the fresh air you need.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื ืงื™ ืœื• ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื.
01:56
In fact, you could be in a bottle
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง
01:58
with a cap on top, and you would not die at all,
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ืกื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืงืง, ื•ืืชื ืœื ืชืžื•ืชื•,
02:02
and you would not need any fresh air.
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ื•ืœื ืชื–ื“ืงืงื• ื›ืœืœ ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
02:05
We have tried these plants at our
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ืื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
02:07
own building in Delhi, which is a
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื“ืœื”ื™,
02:10
50,000-square-feet, 20-year-old building.
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ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• 4,650 ืž"ืจ, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 20 ืฉื ื”.
02:13
And it has close to 1,200 such plants for 300 occupants.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›-1,200 ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ 300 ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื.
02:17
Our studies have found that there is
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆืื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื•
02:19
a 42 percent probability of one's blood oxygen
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ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 42 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืฉืื—ื•ื– ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ื“ื
02:23
going up by one percent if one stays indoors
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ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื
02:25
in this building for 10 hours.
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 10 ืฉืขื•ืช.
02:28
The government of India has discovered
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ื’ื™ืœืชื”
02:31
or published a study to show
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ืื• ืคืจืกืžื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืžืจืื”
02:33
that this is the healthiest building in New Delhi.
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื“ืœื”ื™.
02:36
And the study showed that,
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ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืจืื”
02:39
compared to other buildings,
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ืฉื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
02:40
there is a reduced incidence of
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
02:42
eye irritation by 52 percent,
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ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘-52 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
02:44
respiratory systems by 34 percent,
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘-34 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
02:48
headaches by 24 percent,
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ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ื‘-24 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
02:49
lung impairment by 12 percent and asthma by nine percent.
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ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘-12 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืืกื˜ืžื” ื‘-9 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
02:53
And this study has been published on September 8, 2008,
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘-8 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ, 2008,
02:57
and it's available on the government of India website.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื•.
03:00
Our experience points to an
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ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ
03:02
amazing increase in human productivity
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ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
03:06
by over 20 percent by using these plants.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 ืื—ื•ื–, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
03:09
And also a reduction in energy requirements in buildings
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
03:13
by an outstanding 15 percent, because you need less fresh air.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ 15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
03:19
We are now replicating this in a
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืžืฉื—ื–ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜
03:20
1.75-million-square-feet building,
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-162,500 ืž"ืจ,
03:23
which will have 60,000 indoor plants.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• 60 ืืœืฃ ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
03:25
Why is this important?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
03:27
It is also important for the environment,
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
03:29
because the world's energy
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
03:30
requirements are expected to grow
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ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ
03:32
by 30 percent in the next decade.
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ื‘-30 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
03:34
40 percent of the world's energy is taken
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ื›ื™ื•ื, 40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
03:35
up by buildings currently,
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ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
03:37
and 60 percent of the world's population
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ื•-60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืื•ื›ื•ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:39
will be living in buildings in cities
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ื™ื—ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
03:42
with a population of over one million in the next 15 years.
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ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘-15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
03:46
And there is a growing preference for living
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืขื“ืคื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
03:48
and working in air-conditioned places.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
03:52
"Be the change you want to see in the world,"
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"ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื" ,
03:54
said Mahatma Gandhi.
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ืืžืจ ืžื”ื˜ืžื” ื’ื ื“ื™.
03:55
And thank you for listening.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”.
03:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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