William Kamkwamba: How I harnessed the wind

435,254 views ใƒป 2009-09-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yifat Adler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
00:15
Two years ago, I stood on the TED stage in Arusha, Tanzania.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœ TED ื‘ืืจื•ืฉื”, ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”.
00:19
I spoke very briefly about one of my proudest creations.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื‘ื•.
00:24
It was a simple machine that changed my life.
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ื–ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
00:28
Before that time,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ
00:30
I had never been away from my home
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ืชืจื—ืงืชื™ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™
00:33
in Malawi.
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ื‘ืžืืœืื•ื•ื™.
00:36
I had never used a computer.
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘.
00:38
I had never seen an Internet.
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
00:42
On the stage that day, I was so nervous.
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืฆื‘ื ื™.
00:47
My English lost,
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ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
00:51
I wanted to vomit.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื.
00:53
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:57
I had never been surrounded by so many azungu,
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื–ื•ื ื’ื•,
01:01
white people.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
01:03
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:06
There was a story I wouldn't tell you then.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืื–.
01:09
But well, I'm feeling good right now.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
01:12
I would like to share that story today.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:15
We have seven children in my family.
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ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:17
All sisters, excepting me.
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื ื™.
01:21
This is me with my dad when I was a little boy.
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ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืขื ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
01:26
Before I discovered the wonders of science,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ืคืœืื™ ื”ืžื“ืข,
01:29
I was just a simple farmer
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื™ื›ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜
01:31
in a country of poor farmers.
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื.
01:34
Like everyone else, we grew maize.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื, ื’ื™ื“ืœื ื• ืชื™ืจืก.
01:38
One year our fortune turned very bad.
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ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืจืข ื•ืžืจ.
01:43
In 2001 we experienced an awful famine.
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ื‘-2001 ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื‘ ื ื•ืจืื™.
01:48
Within five months all Malawians began to starve to death.
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ืชื•ืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืœืื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืžื•ืช ืžืจืขื‘.
01:55
My family ate one meal per day, at night.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ืื›ืœื” ืืจื•ื—ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”, ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
01:59
Only three swallows of nsima for each one of us.
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ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
02:03
The food passes through our bodies.
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:05
We drop down to nothing.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืขืœืžื ื•.
02:09
In Malawi, the secondary school,
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ื‘ืžืืœืื•ื•ื™, ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
02:12
you have to pay school fees.
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ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืกืฃ.
02:14
Because of the hunger, I was forced to drop out of school.
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจืขื‘, ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื ืฉื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
02:20
I looked at my father
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™,
02:22
and looked at those dry fields.
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ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื.
02:24
It was the future I couldn't accept.
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ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
02:28
I felt very happy to be at the secondary school,
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ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:32
so I was determined to do anything possible
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื—ื•ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ
02:37
to receive education.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
02:39
So I went to a library.
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืกืคืจื™ื”.
02:41
I read books, science books, especially physics.
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ื - ืกืคืจื™ ืžื“ืข, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”.
02:45
I couldn't read English that well.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:47
I used diagrams and pictures
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
02:50
to learn the words around them.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื.
02:55
Another book put that knowledge in my hands.
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ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื™.
02:59
It said a windmill could pump water and generate electricity.
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืฉื˜ื—ื ืช ืจื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžื™ื ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
03:05
Pump water meant irrigation,
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ืฉืื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ืฉืงื™ื”.
03:08
a defense against hunger,
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ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืจืขื‘,
03:10
which we were experiencing by that time.
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ืžืžื ื• ืกื‘ืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
03:14
So I decided I would build one windmill for myself.
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื˜ื—ื ืช ืจื•ื—,
03:18
But I didn't have materials to use,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
03:21
so I went to a scrap yard
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื’ืจื•ื˜ืื•ืช
03:23
where I found my materials.
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
03:26
Many people, including my mother,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื™,
03:30
said I was crazy.
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ืืžืจื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข.
03:32
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:34
I found a tractor fan,
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžืื•ื•ืจืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ,
03:36
shock absorber, PVC pipes.
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ื‘ื•ืœื ื–ืขื–ื•ืขื™ื, ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื™.ื•ื™.ืกื™..
03:38
Using a bicycle frame
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื
03:41
and an old bicycle dynamo,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืžื• ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
03:45
I built my machine.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
03:47
It was one light at first.
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ ืื—ื“.
03:50
And then four lights,
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื•ืจื•ืช,
03:53
with switches, and even a circuit breaker,
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ืขื ืžืชื’ื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืคืกืง ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™,
03:58
modeled after an electric bell.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ.
04:02
Another machine pumps water
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ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืžื™ื
04:06
for irrigation.
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ื™ื”.
04:09
Queues of people start lining up at my house
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืชื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™
04:12
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:14
to charge their mobile phone.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:16
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
04:20
I could not get rid of them.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื.
04:22
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:24
And the reporters came too,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•,
04:27
which lead to bloggers
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื
04:29
and which lead to a call from something called TED.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• TED.
04:34
I had never seen an airplane before.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื˜ื•ืก.
04:36
I had never slept in a hotel.
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ืฉื ืชื™ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ.
04:39
So, on stage that day in Arusha,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจื•ืฉื”,
04:43
my English lost,
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ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
04:46
I said something like,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•,
04:49
"I tried. And I made it."
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"ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™. ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™."
04:53
So I would like to say something
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื•
04:55
to all the people out there like me
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ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™,
04:58
to the Africans, and the poor
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื
05:01
who are struggling with your dreams.
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ืฉื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื,
05:05
God bless.
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืชื›ื.
05:07
Maybe one day you will watch this on the Internet.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืชื™ืฆืคื• ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
05:11
I say to you, trust yourself and believe.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื•.
05:16
Whatever happens, don't give up.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ - ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื•ื•ืชืจื•.
05:18
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
05:20
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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