Don't eat the marshmallow! | Joachim de Posada

975,768 views ・ 2009-08-10

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: Marià Surra Reviewer: Guillermo Parra
00:18
I'm here because I have a very important message:
0
18330
3000
Sóc aquí perquè tinc un missatge molt important.
00:21
I think we have found
1
21330
2000
Crec que hem trobat
00:23
the most important factor for success.
2
23330
3000
el factor més important de l'èxit.
00:26
And it was found close to here, Stanford.
3
26330
5000
I es va descobrir prop d'aquí, a Stanford.
00:31
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old
4
31330
4000
Un professor de psicologia va agafar nens de quatre anys
00:35
and put them in a room all by themselves.
5
35330
4000
i els va deixar sols a una habitació.
00:39
And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid,
6
39330
3000
El que feia era dir als nens:
00:42
"Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow
7
42330
3000
"Johnny, et deixaré aquí amb un núvol de sucre
00:45
for 15 minutes.
8
45330
2000
durant 15 minuts.
00:47
If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here,
9
47330
4000
Si quan torno aquest núvol encara és aquí,
00:51
you will get another one. So you will have two."
10
51330
4000
te'n donaré un altre i en tindràs dos".
00:55
To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes
11
55330
3000
Dir-li a un nen de quatre anys que s'esperi 15 minuts
00:58
for something that they like,
12
58330
2000
per una cosa que li agrada,
01:00
is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours."
13
60330
4000
és com dir-nos a nosaltres: "Et portarem un cafè d'aquí dues hores".
01:04
(Laughter)
14
64330
1000
(Rialles)
01:05
Exact equivalent.
15
65330
2000
Exactament el mateix.
01:07
So what happened when the professor left the room?
16
67330
5000
I doncs, què va passar quan el professor va sortir de l'habitació?
01:12
As soon as the door closed...
17
72330
4000
Tan bon punt es va tancar la porta...
01:16
two out of three ate the marshmallow.
18
76330
2000
dos de cada tres nens es van menjar el núvol.
01:18
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds,
19
78330
3000
Cinc segons, 10 segons, 40 segons, 50 segons,
01:21
two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes.
20
81330
2000
2 minuts, 4 minuts, 8 minuts.
01:23
Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes.
21
83330
3000
Alguns van durar 14 minuts i mig.
01:26
(Laughter)
22
86330
1000
(Rialles)
01:27
Couldn't do it. Could not wait.
23
87330
4000
No ho van aconseguir. No van poder esperar.
01:31
What's interesting is that one out of three
24
91330
3000
El que és interessant és que un de cada tres
01:34
would look at the marshmallow and go like this ...
25
94330
5000
va mirar el núvol i va fer així...
01:39
Would look at it.
26
99330
2000
Se'l va mirar.
01:41
Put it back.
27
101330
2000
El va tornar a deixar.
01:43
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
28
103330
5000
Va donar voltes. Va jugar amb les faldilles o els pantalons.
01:48
That child already, at four, understood
29
108330
3000
Aquest nen, amb quatre anys només, ja va entendre
01:51
the most important principle for success,
30
111330
3000
el principi més important de l'èxit,
01:54
which is the ability to delay gratification.
31
114330
4000
que és l'habilitat d'ajornar la gratificació.
01:58
Self-discipline:
32
118330
2000
Autodisciplina:
02:00
the most important factor for success.
33
120330
3000
El factor més important de l'èxit.
02:03
15 years later, 14 or 15 years later,
34
123330
3000
14 o 15 anys després
02:06
follow-up study.
35
126330
2000
es va fer un estudi complementari.
02:08
What did they find?
36
128330
2000
I què van trobar?
02:10
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19.
37
130330
3000
Van buscar aquells nens, que ara tenien 18 o 19 anys,
02:13
And they found that 100 percent
38
133330
3000
i van veure que el 100%
02:16
of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful.
39
136330
4000
del nens que no s'havien menjat el núvol havien tingut èxit.
02:20
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful.
40
140330
2000
Treien bones notes. Es portaven bé.
02:22
They were happy. They had their plans.
41
142330
2000
Eren feliços. Tenien plans.
02:24
They had good relationships with the teachers, students.
42
144330
3000
Tenien bona relació amb els professors i amb els altres alumnes.
02:27
They were doing fine.
43
147330
1000
Tot els anava bé.
02:28
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow,
44
148330
3000
Un gran percentatge dels nens que s'havien menjat el núvol
02:31
they were in trouble.
45
151330
1000
tenien problemes.
02:32
They did not make it to university.
46
152330
2000
No havien arribat a la universitat.
02:34
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out.
47
154330
2000
Treien males notes. Alguns havien deixat l'escola.
02:36
A few were still there with bad grades.
48
156330
2000
Alguns encara hi anaven, però treien males notes.
02:38
A few had good grades.
49
158330
2000
Només uns pocs tenien bones notes.
02:40
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids
50
160330
2000
Em vaig fer una pregunta: Els nens sud-americans
02:42
react the same way as the American kids?
51
162330
3000
reaccionarien igual que els dels Estats Units?
02:45
So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment.
52
165330
3000
Així doncs, vaig anar a Colòmbia. I vaig reproduir l'experiment.
02:48
And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids.
53
168330
3000
I va ser molt divertit. El vaig fer amb nens de quatre a sis anys.
02:51
And let me show you what happened.
54
171330
3000
I aquí teniu el que va passar.
03:09
(Spanish) (Laughter)
55
189330
4000
(Rialles)
04:50
So what happened in Colombia?
56
290330
2000
I què va passar a Colòmbia?
04:52
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow;
57
292330
3000
Dos nens de cada tres es van menjar el núvol
04:55
one out of three did not.
58
295330
2000
i un de cada tres no se'l va menjar.
04:57
This little girl was interesting;
59
297330
2000
Aquesta nena va ser molt interessant.
04:59
she ate the inside of the marshmallow.
60
299330
2000
Es va menjar l'interior del núvol.
05:01
(Laughter)
61
301330
1000
(Rialles)
05:02
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two.
62
302330
4000
És a dir, que ens volia fer creure que no se l'havia menjat per tenir-ne dos.
05:06
But she ate it.
63
306330
2000
Però sí que se l'havia menjat.
05:08
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her.
64
308330
3000
Sabem que aquesta nena tindrà èxit. Però caldrà vigilar-la.
05:11
(Laughter)
65
311330
1000
(Rialles)
05:12
She should not go into banking, for example,
66
312330
3000
No hauria de dedicar-se a la banca, per exemple,
05:15
or work at a cash register.
67
315330
2000
o treballar de caixera.
05:17
But she will be successful.
68
317330
2000
Però tindrà èxit.
05:19
And this applies for everything. Even in sales.
69
319330
2000
I això es pot aplicar a qualsevol cosa. També a les vendes.
05:21
The sales person that --
70
321330
4000
El venedor que,
05:25
the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are."
71
325330
2000
quan el client diu: "Vull això" li respon: "D'acord, aquí ho tens".
05:27
That person ate the marshmallow.
72
327330
2000
Aquesta persona es va menjar el núvol.
05:29
If the sales person says, "Wait a second.
73
329330
2000
Però si el venedor diu: "Espera un moment.
05:31
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice."
74
331330
3000
Deixa que et faci algunes preguntes per saber si és una bona decisió".
05:34
Then you sell a lot more.
75
334330
1000
Aleshores pot vendre molt més.
05:35
So this has applications in all walks of life.
76
335330
5000
I això té aplicacions en tots els àmbits de la vida.
05:40
I end with -- the Koreans did this.
77
340330
3000
I per acabar: Els coreans ho van fer.
05:43
You know what? This is so good
78
343330
2000
I sabeu què? Els va agradar tant
05:45
that we want a marshmallow book for children.
79
345330
2000
que volien un llibre per a nens sobre els núvols.
05:47
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea.
80
347330
3000
Així que el vam fer, i ara és per tot arreu a Corea.
05:50
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle.
81
350330
2000
Ensenyen els seus nens exactament aquest principi.
05:52
And we need to learn that principle here in the States,
82
352330
2000
I nosaltres també l'hauríem d'aprendre,
05:54
because we have a big debt.
83
354330
2000
perquè tenim un gran deute:
05:56
We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing.
84
356330
2000
Mengem més núvols dels que produïm.
05:58
Thank you so much.
85
358330
2000
Moltes gràcies.
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7