Don't eat the marshmallow! | Joachim de Posada

1,004,626 views ・ 2009-08-10

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Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: Marià Surra Reviewer: Guillermo Parra
00:18
I'm here because I have a very important message:
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Sóc aquí perquè tinc un missatge molt important.
00:21
I think we have found
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Crec que hem trobat
00:23
the most important factor for success.
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el factor més important de l'èxit.
00:26
And it was found close to here, Stanford.
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I es va descobrir prop d'aquí, a Stanford.
00:31
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old
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Un professor de psicologia va agafar nens de quatre anys
00:35
and put them in a room all by themselves.
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i els va deixar sols a una habitació.
00:39
And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid,
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El que feia era dir als nens:
00:42
"Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow
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"Johnny, et deixaré aquí amb un núvol de sucre
00:45
for 15 minutes.
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durant 15 minuts.
00:47
If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here,
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Si quan torno aquest núvol encara és aquí,
00:51
you will get another one. So you will have two."
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te'n donaré un altre i en tindràs dos".
00:55
To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes
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Dir-li a un nen de quatre anys que s'esperi 15 minuts
00:58
for something that they like,
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per una cosa que li agrada,
01:00
is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours."
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és com dir-nos a nosaltres: "Et portarem un cafè d'aquí dues hores".
01:04
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:05
Exact equivalent.
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Exactament el mateix.
01:07
So what happened when the professor left the room?
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I doncs, què va passar quan el professor va sortir de l'habitació?
01:12
As soon as the door closed...
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Tan bon punt es va tancar la porta...
01:16
two out of three ate the marshmallow.
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dos de cada tres nens es van menjar el núvol.
01:18
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds,
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Cinc segons, 10 segons, 40 segons, 50 segons,
01:21
two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes.
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2 minuts, 4 minuts, 8 minuts.
01:23
Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes.
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Alguns van durar 14 minuts i mig.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:27
Couldn't do it. Could not wait.
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No ho van aconseguir. No van poder esperar.
01:31
What's interesting is that one out of three
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El que és interessant és que un de cada tres
01:34
would look at the marshmallow and go like this ...
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va mirar el núvol i va fer així...
01:39
Would look at it.
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Se'l va mirar.
01:41
Put it back.
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El va tornar a deixar.
01:43
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
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Va donar voltes. Va jugar amb les faldilles o els pantalons.
01:48
That child already, at four, understood
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Aquest nen, amb quatre anys només, ja va entendre
01:51
the most important principle for success,
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el principi més important de l'èxit,
01:54
which is the ability to delay gratification.
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que és l'habilitat d'ajornar la gratificació.
01:58
Self-discipline:
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Autodisciplina:
02:00
the most important factor for success.
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El factor més important de l'èxit.
02:03
15 years later, 14 or 15 years later,
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14 o 15 anys després
02:06
follow-up study.
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es va fer un estudi complementari.
02:08
What did they find?
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I què van trobar?
02:10
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19.
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Van buscar aquells nens, que ara tenien 18 o 19 anys,
02:13
And they found that 100 percent
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i van veure que el 100%
02:16
of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful.
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del nens que no s'havien menjat el núvol havien tingut èxit.
02:20
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful.
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Treien bones notes. Es portaven bé.
02:22
They were happy. They had their plans.
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Eren feliços. Tenien plans.
02:24
They had good relationships with the teachers, students.
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Tenien bona relació amb els professors i amb els altres alumnes.
02:27
They were doing fine.
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Tot els anava bé.
02:28
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow,
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Un gran percentatge dels nens que s'havien menjat el núvol
02:31
they were in trouble.
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tenien problemes.
02:32
They did not make it to university.
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No havien arribat a la universitat.
02:34
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out.
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Treien males notes. Alguns havien deixat l'escola.
02:36
A few were still there with bad grades.
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Alguns encara hi anaven, però treien males notes.
02:38
A few had good grades.
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Només uns pocs tenien bones notes.
02:40
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids
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Em vaig fer una pregunta: Els nens sud-americans
02:42
react the same way as the American kids?
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reaccionarien igual que els dels Estats Units?
02:45
So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment.
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Així doncs, vaig anar a Colòmbia. I vaig reproduir l'experiment.
02:48
And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids.
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I va ser molt divertit. El vaig fer amb nens de quatre a sis anys.
02:51
And let me show you what happened.
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I aquí teniu el que va passar.
03:09
(Spanish) (Laughter)
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(Rialles)
04:50
So what happened in Colombia?
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I què va passar a Colòmbia?
04:52
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow;
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Dos nens de cada tres es van menjar el núvol
04:55
one out of three did not.
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i un de cada tres no se'l va menjar.
04:57
This little girl was interesting;
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Aquesta nena va ser molt interessant.
04:59
she ate the inside of the marshmallow.
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Es va menjar l'interior del núvol.
05:01
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:02
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two.
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És a dir, que ens volia fer creure que no se l'havia menjat per tenir-ne dos.
05:06
But she ate it.
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Però sí que se l'havia menjat.
05:08
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her.
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Sabem que aquesta nena tindrà èxit. Però caldrà vigilar-la.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:12
She should not go into banking, for example,
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No hauria de dedicar-se a la banca, per exemple,
05:15
or work at a cash register.
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o treballar de caixera.
05:17
But she will be successful.
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Però tindrà èxit.
05:19
And this applies for everything. Even in sales.
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I això es pot aplicar a qualsevol cosa. També a les vendes.
05:21
The sales person that --
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El venedor que,
05:25
the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are."
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quan el client diu: "Vull això" li respon: "D'acord, aquí ho tens".
05:27
That person ate the marshmallow.
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Aquesta persona es va menjar el núvol.
05:29
If the sales person says, "Wait a second.
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Però si el venedor diu: "Espera un moment.
05:31
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice."
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Deixa que et faci algunes preguntes per saber si és una bona decisió".
05:34
Then you sell a lot more.
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Aleshores pot vendre molt més.
05:35
So this has applications in all walks of life.
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I això té aplicacions en tots els àmbits de la vida.
05:40
I end with -- the Koreans did this.
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I per acabar: Els coreans ho van fer.
05:43
You know what? This is so good
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I sabeu què? Els va agradar tant
05:45
that we want a marshmallow book for children.
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que volien un llibre per a nens sobre els núvols.
05:47
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea.
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Així que el vam fer, i ara és per tot arreu a Corea.
05:50
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle.
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Ensenyen els seus nens exactament aquest principi.
05:52
And we need to learn that principle here in the States,
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I nosaltres també l'hauríem d'aprendre,
05:54
because we have a big debt.
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perquè tenim un gran deute:
05:56
We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing.
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Mengem més núvols dels que produïm.
05:58
Thank you so much.
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Moltes gràcies.
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