Feisal Abdul Rauf: Lose your ego, find your compassion

翻译人员: Ning Zhang 校对人员: dahong zhang

I'm speaking about compassion from an Islamic point of view,

以下我将从伊斯兰教的角度来谈论慈悯，

and perhaps my faith is not very well thought of

可能我的信仰不足以被他人认为是以慈悯为本。

as being one that is grounded in compassion.

可能我的信仰不足以被他人认为是以慈悯为本。

The truth of the matter is otherwise.

但是事实却相反。

Our holy book, the Koran, consists of 114 chapters,

我们神圣的《古兰经》共有114章，

and each chapter begins with what we call the basmala,

每一章都以泰斯米为开端，

the saying of "In the name of God, the all compassionate, the all merciful,"

写道：奉真主，至仁主，永仁主之名。

or, as Sir Richard Burton --

或者，正如理查德·伯顿先生所言，

not the Richard Burton who was married to Elizabeth Taylor,

我说的不是那位娶了伊丽莎白泰勒的理查德·伯顿先生，

but the Sir Richard Burton who lived a century before that

而是那位生活在上世纪，周游世界的旅行家，他也曾翻译了诸多文学著作，

and who was a worldwide traveler

而是那位生活在上世纪，周游世界的旅行家，他也曾翻译了诸多文学著作，

and translator of many works of literature --

而是那位生活在上世纪，周游世界的旅行家，他也曾翻译了诸多文学著作，

translates it. "In the name of God, the compassionating, the compassionate."

他的话翻译过来即是“奉普慈特慈真主之名。”("in the name of God, the compassionating, the compassionate.")

And in a saying of the Koran, which to Muslims is God speaking to humanity,

《古兰经》对于穆斯林来说是真主对人类的箴言，其中有句名言，

God says to his prophet Muhammad --

真主对他的先知穆罕默德说，

whom we believe to be the last of a series of prophets,

我们相信穆罕默德是最后一位先知，

beginning with Adam, including Noah, including Moses, including Abraham,

之前有亚当，包括诺亚，包括摩斯，包括亚伯拉罕，包括耶稣基督，到穆罕默德为止。

including Jesus Christ, and ending with Muhammad --

之前有亚当，包括诺亚，包括摩斯，包括亚伯拉罕，包括耶稣基督，到穆罕默德为止。

that, "We have not sent you, O Muhammad,

真主说，“我遣你为使，穆罕默德，只为怜悯全世界的人。”Al-Quran(21:107)

except as a 'rahmah,' except as a source of compassion to humanity."

真主说，“我遣你为使，穆罕默德，只为怜悯全世界的人。”Al-Quran(21:107)

For us human beings, and certainly for us as Muslims,

对于我们人类，特别是对于我们穆斯林来说，

whose mission, and whose purpose in following the path of the prophet

我们的使命，我们的目标，就是追随先知之路，

is to make ourselves as much like the prophet.

效法先知为榜样，

And the prophet, in one of his sayings, said,

这位先知曾在他的启示中说过，

"Adorn yourselves with the attributes of God."

"以真主的德性规范你自己。"

And because God Himself said that the primary attribute of his is compassion --

真主曾说，慈悯是他的首要德性，

in fact, the Koran says that "God decreed upon himself compassion,"

事实上，《古兰经》也写到，“真主曾以慈悯为自己的责任。” 或者说是，“真主已规定以慈悯为己任。”Al-Quran(6:12)

or, "reigned himself in by compassion" --

事实上，《古兰经》也写到，“真主曾以慈悯为自己的责任。” 或者说是，“真主已规定以慈悯为己任。”Al-Quran(6:12)

therefore, our objective and our mission must be to be sources of compassion,

因此，我们的目标，我们的使命必将是以慈悯为本，

activators of compassion, actors of compassion

激发慈悯，演绎慈悯，

and speakers of compassion and doers of compassion.

讲述慈悯，行持慈悯。

That is all well and good,

那都是好的，

but where do we go wrong,

但我们究竟出了什么问题，

and what is the source of the lack of compassion in the world?

这世界上为什么会缺乏慈悯呢？

For the answer to this, we turn to our spiritual path.

为了解答这个问题，我们就要追溯我们的精神之路。

In every religious tradition, there is the outer path and the inner path,

每一个宗教的传统中都存在着我们所谓的外在之路和内在之路，

or the exoteric path and the esoteric path.

或者称为易于理解之路和不易理解之路。

The esoteric path of Islam is more popularly known as Sufism, or "tasawwuf" in Arabic.

大家比较熟知的，关于伊斯兰教中不易理解之路是指苏非主义，阿拉伯语称为tasawwuf。

And these doctors or these masters,

这些导师或者大师们，

these spiritual masters of the Sufi tradition,

这些苏非派传统的精神导师们，

refer to teachings and examples of our prophet

遵循我们先知的教义和典范，

that teach us where the source of our problems lies.

教诲我们问题的根源在哪里。

In one of the battles that the prophet waged,

在一次先知发动的战斗中，

he told his followers, "We are returning from the lesser war

先知告诉他的跟随者们，“我们正在从次要的战争回归到更重要的战争，更大的战斗。”

to the greater war, to the greater battle."

先知告诉他的跟随者们，“我们正在从次要的战争回归到更重要的战争，更大的战斗。”

And they said, "Messenger of God, we are battle-weary.

跟随者们问到，“真主的使者啊，我们都厌倦了战争。

How can we go to a greater battle?"

我们又如何要开始一个更大的战争呢？“

He said, "That is the battle of the self, the battle of the ego."

先知说，“那是对自我的战争，消除心中自我的战争。”

The sources of human problems have to do with egotism, "I."

人类问题的根源是与自我为中心，与自我息息相关的。

The famous Sufi master Rumi, who is very well known to most of you,

我们非常熟知的，著名的苏非派大师鲁米，

has a story in which he talks of a man who goes to the house of a friend,

讲述过一个故事，一个人走到他朋友的房前，

and he knocks on the door,

他敲门，

and a voice answers, "Who's there?"

一个声音问他，“谁在哪儿？”

"It's me," or, more grammatically correctly, "It is I,"

“It is me 是我”，英文语法上正确的讲法是，“it is I，”

as we might say in English.

“It is me 是我”，英文语法上正确的讲法是，“it is I，”

The voice says, "Go away."

那个声音说到，“走开。”

After many years of training, of disciplining, of search and struggle,

经过多年的修炼，持戒，探寻和努力，

he comes back.

这个人又回来了，

With much greater humility, he knocks again on the door.

以更谦卑的态度，他再一次敲响了朋友的那扇门

The voice asks, "Who is there?"

那个声音问到，“谁在那儿？”

He said, "It is you, O heartbreaker."

他回答到，“是你，开启心灵的人。”

The door swings open, and the voice says,

大门开了，那个声音说到，

"Come in, for there is no room in this house for two I's,"

“请进，因为这个房间里没有足够的空间可以容下两个I(我)，

-- two capital I's, not these eyes -- "for two egos."

两个大写的I(我)，我不是指眼睛的那个eye，是指两个自我。

And Rumi's stories are metaphors for the spiritual path.

鲁米的故事是对精神道路的比喻。

In the presence of God, there is no room for more than one "I,"

在真主面前，除了神性的我之外，没有更多的空间给其他的我。

and that is the "I" of divinity.

在真主面前，除了神性的我之外，没有更多的空间给其他的我。

In a teaching -- called a "hadith qudsi" in our tradition --

在一部教义里，被我们的传统称为库德西圣训(hadith qudsi)，

God says that, "My servant," or "My creature, my human creature,

真主说到，“我的仆人，”或者“我的创造物，我的人类，

does not approach me by anything that is dearer to me

不会有比听我的话而接近我的方式更可贵的了。”

than what I have asked them to do."

不会有比听我的话而接近我的方式更可贵的了。”

And those of you who are employers know exactly what I mean.

在座的雇主们会完全理解我的意思。

You want your employees to do what you ask them to do,

你想让你的员工按你的差遣办事，

and if they've done that, then they can do extra.

如果他们完成了，那么他们能做更多的事情，

But don't ignore what you've asked them to do.

但是，别忽视你要求他们去做的事情。

"And," God says, "my servant continues to get nearer to me,

真主说到，“我的仆人通过做更多我要求他们做的事情而更亲近于我”

by doing more of what I've asked them to do" --

真主说到，“我的仆人通过做更多我要求他们做的事情而更亲近于我”

extra credit, we might call it --

我们可以称此为额外加分，

"until I love him or love her.

“直到我爱上他或她。

And when I love my servant," God says,

当我爱上我的仆人，“真主说，

"I become the eyes by which he or she sees,

”我能成为他／她的眼去观看，

the ears by which he or she listens,

成为他／她的耳去倾听，

the hand by which he or she grasps,

成为他／她的手去拿取，

and the foot by which he or she walks,

成为他／她的脚去行走，

and the heart by which he or she understands."

成为他／她的心去感悟。”

It is this merging of our self with divinity

这个自我与神性的结合

that is the lesson and purpose of our spiritual path and all of our faith traditions.

是我们精神之路的启示和目的，也是我们信仰传统的全部。

Muslims regard Jesus as the master of Sufism,

穆斯林认为耶稣是苏非派的大师，

the greatest prophet and messenger who came to emphasize the spiritual path.

最伟大的先知，和强调精神之路的使者。

When he says, "I am the spirit, and I am the way,"

当耶稣说到，“我是精神，我是道路，”

and when the prophet Muhammad said, "Whoever has seen me has seen God,"

当先知穆罕默德说到，“见我者即见真主，”

it is because they became so much an instrument of God,

那是因为他们是真主的工具，

they became part of God's team --

他们成为真主的一部分，

so that God's will was manifest through them,

所以真主的意愿是通过他们而体现

and they were not acting from their own selves and their own egos.

不是通过他们自己和他们的自我而显现的。

Compassion on earth is given, it is in us.

慈悯是与生俱来的，它就存在于我们自身。

All we have to do is to get our egos out of the way,

我们所要做的是去除我们心中的自我，

get our egotism out of the way.

去除我们的自我主义。

I'm sure, probably all of you here, or certainly the very vast majority of you,

我确信，可能在座的你们，或者你们中的大部分人，

have had what you might call a spiritual experience,

曾经有过一段所谓的精神体验，

a moment in your lives when, for a few seconds, a minute perhaps,

在你生命中的某一时刻，几秒钟，也可以是几分钟，

the boundaries of your ego dissolved.

你们的自我意识消失了。

And at that minute, you felt at one with the universe --

在那一刻，你会感觉与宇宙同在，

one with that jug of water, one with every human being,

与那壶水同在，与每一个人同在，

one with the Creator --

与造物主同在，

and you felt you were in the presence of power, of awe,

你会感觉自己置身于力量，敬畏，

of the deepest love, the deepest sense of compassion and mercy

和深切的爱之中，在你的生命中，你体会过最深切的慈悯和仁爱。

that you have ever experienced in your lives.

和深切的爱之中，在你的生命中，你体会过最深切的慈悯和仁爱。

That is a moment which is a gift of God to us --

那一刻是真主的恩赐，

a gift when, for a moment, he lifts that boundary

他提升了我们的意识

which makes us insist on "I, I, I, me, me, me,"

令我们不再执着于我，我，我，

and instead, like the person in Rumi's story,

取而代之的，正如鲁米讲的故事中的那个人，

we say, "Oh, this is all you.

我们说，“噢，这是全部的你。”

This is all you. And this is all us.

这是全部的你。这是全部的我们。

And us, and I, and us are all part of you.

我们，我，我们都是你的一部分。

O, Creator! O, the Objective! The source of our being

所有的创造者，所有的事物，我们人类的本源，

and the end of our journey,

以及我们人生的终点。

you are also the breaker of our hearts.

你也是我们心灵的开启者。

You are the one whom we should all be towards, for whose purpose we live,

你是那一个我们都所要面对的，是我们生活的理由，

and for whose purpose we shall die,

是我们死亡的理由，

and for whose purpose we shall be resurrected again

是我们复活的理由，

to account to God to what extent we have been compassionate beings."

向真主证明我们已经是拥有慈悯的人。

Our message today, and our purpose today,

我们今天的传达的信息，今天的目标，

and those of you who are here today,

还有今天你们来到这里，

and the purpose of this charter of compassion, is to remind.

以及这个有关慈悯的探讨会，就是提醒。

For the Koran always urges us to remember, to remind each other,

因为《古兰经》经常敦促我们谨记，互相提醒，

because the knowledge of truth is within every human being.

因为真理的知识是人人共有的。

We know it all.

我们全都知道。

We have access to it all.

我们全都可以获得。

Jung may have called it "the subconscious."

荣格称此为潜意识。

Through our subconscious, in your dreams --

通过我们的潜意识，在你们的梦里，

the Koran calls our state of sleep "the lesser death,"

《古兰经》称我们的睡眠阶段为浅层的死亡，

"the temporary death" --

暂时死亡。

in our state of sleep we have dreams, we have visions,

处于我们的睡眠状态时，我们会有梦境，我们会有幻觉，

we travel even outside of our bodies, for many of us,

我们甚至可以超越我们的躯体去旅行，对于大多数的我们来说，

and we see wonderful things.

我们会看见奇妙的事物。

We travel beyond the limitations of space as we know it,

我们可以超越我们所熟知的空间界限去旅行，

and beyond the limitations of time as we know it.

我们可以超越我们所熟知的时间界限去旅行，

But all this is for us to glorify the name of the creator

但是所有这些对于我们来说就是歌颂造物者

whose primary name is the compassionating, the compassionate.

尊名为：至仁主，永仁主。

God, Bokh, whatever name you want to call him with, Allah, Ram, Om,

真主，Bokh，不论你们如何称呼他，Allah也好，Ram也好, 还是Om，

whatever the name might be through which you name

无论你们如何去命名他

or access the presence of divinity,

无乱你如何去感受神性，

it is the locus of absolute being,

都是绝对存在的根本，

absolute love and mercy and compassion,

绝对的爱、仁心和慈悯，

and absolute knowledge and wisdom,

也是绝对的知识和智慧，

what Hindus call "satchidananda."

那就是印度教所指的超凡脱俗(satchidananda)。

The language differs,

语言不同，

but the objective is the same.

但所指事物是相同的。

Rumi has another story

鲁米有另一个故事

about three men, a Turk, an Arab and --

关于三个人，一个土耳其人，一个阿拉伯人，

and I forget the third person, but for my sake, it could be a Malay.

我忘记了第三个人，但是我猜应该是马来人。

One is asking for angur -- one is, say, an Englishman --

一个人要angour，一个英国人说，

one is asking for eneb, and one is asking for grapes.

一个要eneb，一个要葡萄，

And they have a fight and an argument because

他们最终吵了起来，

-- "I want grapes." "I want eneb. "I want angur." --

因为我要葡萄，我要eneb，我要angour，

not knowing that the word that they're using

他们不知道他们使用的词

refers to the same reality in different languages.

其实是共指一个东西，不过是用了不同的语言而已。

There's only one absolute reality by definition,

从定义上讲只有一个绝对的事实，

one absolute being by definition,

从定义上讲只有一个绝对体，

because absolute is, by definition, single,

因为这个绝对，定义上是单一的，

and absolute and singular.

绝对的，独一无二的。

There's this absolute concentration of being,

事物的绝对重点只有一个

the absolute concentration of consciousness,

意识的绝对重点，

awareness, an absolute locus of compassion and love

觉知，慈悯和爱的绝对根本

that defines the primary attributes of divinity.

就是神性的根本。

And these should also be

那也就是

the primary attributes of what it means to be human.

身而为人的根本。

For what defines humanity, perhaps biologically,

至于人性的定义，生理学的角度来说，

is our physiology,

是我们的生理机能，

but God defines humanity by our spirituality, by our nature.

但是真主是以我们的灵性，我们的本性，来定义人性的。

And the Koran says, He speaks to the angels and says,

《古兰经》提到，真主对天使说，

"When I have finished the formation of Adam from clay,

“当我把亚当从泥土塑造成人形，

and breathed into him of my spirit,

把我的精神传输于他，

then, fall in prostration to him."

然后向他俯拜。”

The angels prostrate, not before the human body,

天使们俯拜他，不是俯拜他人类的躯体，

but before the human soul.

而是俯拜他人类的灵魂。

Why? Because the soul, the human soul,

为什么？因为，灵魂，人类的灵魂，

embodies a piece of the divine breath,

拥有神性的灵气，

a piece of the divine soul.

拥有神性的灵魂。

This is also expressed in biblical vocabulary

圣经中也有类似的记载

when we are taught that we were created in the divine image.

说我们是按圣像来塑造的。

What is the imagery of God?

真主的圣像是什么？

The imagery of God is absolute being,

真主的圣像是绝对存在，

absolute awareness and knowledge and wisdom

绝对觉知，绝对知识和智慧

and absolute compassion and love.

是绝对慈悯和爱。

And therefore, for us to be human --

所以，对于身为人类的我们来说，

in the greatest sense of what it means to be human,

在最伟大的感知层面认识何为人类，

in the most joyful sense of what it means to be human --

在最愉悦的感知层面认识何为人类，

means that we too have to be proper stewards

就是意味着我们必须成为管理内在的神性灵气称职的管家，

of the breath of divinity within us,

就是意味着我们必须成为管理内在的神性灵气称职的管家，

and seek to perfect within ourselves the attribute of being,

不断追求完善升华人性的根源，

of being alive, of beingness;

完善升华生存的根源，生命的根源，

the attribute of wisdom, of consciousness, of awareness;

完善升华智慧，意识和觉知的根源，

and the attribute of being compassionate and loving beings.

完善升华慈悯的本性和仁爱的根源。

This is what I understand from my faith tradition,

这就是我对我的信仰传统的理解，

and this is what I understand from my studies of other faith traditions,

这也是我从学习其他信仰传统的理解，

and this is the common platform on which we must all stand,

而这是我们必须秉持的共同立场，

and when we stand on this platform as such,

当我们共同秉持这个立场时，

I am convinced that we can make a wonderful world.

我确信我们令世界更加美好。

And I believe, personally, that we're on the verge

我个人也相信，我们处在一个边缘，

and that, with the presence and help of people like you here,

有你们这样的人的存在和帮助，

we can bring about the prophecy of Isaiah.

我们就可以实现以塞亚的预言。

For he foretold of a period

他曾在预言中提到有朝一日

when people shall transform their swords into plowshares

人们将铸剑为犁

and will not learn war or make war anymore.

而且不会再学习战争，也不再会有战争。

We have reached a stage in human history that we have no option:

我们已经处于人类历史的一个关口，我们已别无选择。

we must, we must lower our egos,

我们必须放低我们的心中自我，

control our egos -- whether it is individual ego, personal ego,

控制我们的“心中自我”，不论是个体的自我，还是个人的自我，

family ego, national ego --

家庭的自我，还是国家的自我，

and let all be for the glorification of the one.

让一切归于真主的荣耀。

Thank you, and God bless you.

谢谢你们，真主保佑你们。

(Applause)

鼓掌