4 reasons to learn a new language | John McWhorter

2,076,741 views ใƒป 2016-10-28

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Itay Galilee ืžื‘ืงืจ: hila scherba
00:12
The language I'm speaking right now
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ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืขืช
00:15
is on its way to becoming the world's universal language,
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ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
00:19
for better or for worse.
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœืจืข.
00:22
Let's face it,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื”,
00:23
it's the language of the internet,
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ื–ื• ืฉืคืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
00:25
it's the language of finance,
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ืฉืคืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื,
00:27
it's the language of air traffic control,
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ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช,
00:29
of popular music,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ืช,
00:31
diplomacy --
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” --
00:32
English is everywhere.
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
00:34
Now, Mandarin Chinese is spoken by more people,
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ืžื ื“ืจื™ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืข"ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื,
00:38
but more Chinese people are learning English
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ืืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:40
than English speakers are learning Chinese.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื ื“ืจื™ื ื™ืช.
00:43
Last I heard,
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ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™,
00:45
there are two dozen universities in China right now
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ื™ืฉ ื›-24 ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื›ืจื’ืข
00:48
teaching all in English.
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ืฉืฉืคืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
00:51
English is taking over.
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ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืฉืชืœื˜ืช.
00:53
And in addition to that,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš,
00:55
it's been predicted that at the end of the century
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ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”ื–ื•
00:58
almost all of the languages that exist now --
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื --
01:01
there are about 6,000 --
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ื™ืฉ ื›-6,000 --
01:02
will no longer be spoken.
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ืœื ื™ื“ื•ื‘ืจื• ืขื•ื“.
01:04
There will only be some hundreds left.
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ื™ืฉืืจื• ืจืง ืžืื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช.
01:07
And on top of that,
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ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš,
01:09
it's at the point where instant translation of live speech
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ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™
01:13
is not only possible, but it gets better every year.
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื™, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืฉืชืคืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”.
01:17
The reason I'm reciting those things to you
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ืงืœื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
01:20
is because I can tell that we're getting to the point
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื”
01:23
where a question is going to start being asked,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”,
01:25
which is: Why should we learn foreign languages --
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช --
01:29
other than if English happens to be foreign to one?
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ืื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืคื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•?
01:33
Why bother to learn another one when it's getting to the point
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื”
01:36
where almost everybody in the world will be able to communicate in one?
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ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืื—ืช?
01:42
I think there are a lot of reasons,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
01:44
but I first want to address
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ืืš ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก
01:46
the one that you're probably most likely to have heard of,
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ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื”,
01:49
because actually it's more dangerous than you might think.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
01:54
And that is the idea
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืคื” ืžืชืขืœืช ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื,
01:55
that a language channels your thoughts,
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01:58
that the vocabulary and the grammar of different languages
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ืฉืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
02:02
gives everybody a different kind of acid trip,
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ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื˜ืจื™ืค ืืกื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”,
02:06
so to speak.
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ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ.
02:08
That is a marvelously enticing idea,
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืคืชื”,
02:12
but it's kind of fraught.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•.
02:13
So it's not that it's untrue completely.
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ืื ื›ืš, ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
02:17
So for example, in French and Spanish
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช
02:20
the word for table is, for some reason, marked as feminine.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืžืชื•ื™ื’ืช ื›ื ืงื‘ื”.
02:25
So, "la table," "la mesa," you just have to deal with it.
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"ืœื” ื˜ื‘ืœื”", "ืœื” ืžืกื”" , ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”,
02:29
It has been shown
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ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฉืื ืืชื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
02:30
that if you are a speaker of one of those languages
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ื•ืืชื ื ืฉืืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื”
02:33
and you happen to be asked
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02:35
how you would imagine a table talking,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ,
02:39
then much more often than could possibly be an accident,
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ืื– ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื,
02:43
a French or a Spanish speaker
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ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืื• ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช
02:45
says that the table would talk with a high and feminine voice.
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ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืœ ื ืฉื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
02:50
So if you're French or Spanish, to you, a table is kind of a girl,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืื• ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ื ืฉื™,
02:54
as opposed to if you are an English speaker.
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ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
02:57
It's hard not to love data like that,
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ืงืฉื” ืœื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื›ื–ื”,
02:59
and many people will tell you that that means
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
03:01
that there's a worldview that you have if you speak one of those languages.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
03:06
But you have to watch out,
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ืืš ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ,
03:07
because imagine if somebody put us under the microscope,
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ื›ื™, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค,
03:12
the us being those of us who speak English natively.
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืืœื• ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืฉืคืช ืื,
03:14
What is the worldview from English?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช?
03:18
So for example, let's take an English speaker.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
03:21
Up on the screen, that is Bono.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื•ื ื•.
03:24
He speaks English.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
03:26
I presume he has a worldview.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœื.
03:29
Now, that is Donald Trump.
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ื›ืขืช, ื–ื”ื• ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค.
03:33
In his way,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœื•, ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
03:34
he speaks English as well.
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03:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:39
And here is Ms. Kardashian,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื’ื‘ืจืช ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ,
03:42
and she is an English speaker, too.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
03:44
So here are three speakers of the English language.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
03:47
What worldview do those three people have in common?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื?
03:51
What worldview is shaped through the English language that unites them?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืื—ื“ืช ืื•ืชื?
03:56
It's a highly fraught concept.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™.
03:58
And so gradual consensus is becoming that language can shape thought,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก ืฉืฉืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
04:03
but it tends to be in rather darling, obscure psychological flutters.
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ืืš ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
04:09
It's not a matter of giving you a different pair of glasses on the world.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช .
04:14
Now, if that's the case,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘,
04:17
then why learn languages?
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช?
04:19
If it isn't going to change the way you think,
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ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
04:21
what would the other reasons be?
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ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช?
04:23
There are some.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื”.
04:25
One of them is that if you want to imbibe a culture,
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
04:31
if you want to drink it in, if you want to become part of it,
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”,
04:34
then whether or not the language channels the culture --
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ืื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืฉืคื” ืžืชืขืœืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืœื --
04:38
and that seems doubtful --
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง --
04:40
if you want to imbibe the culture,
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
04:41
you have to control to some degree
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
04:44
the language that the culture happens to be conducted in.
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ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช.
04:47
There's no other way.
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
04:49
There's an interesting illustration of this.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื›ืš.
04:51
I have to go slightly obscure, but really you should seek it out.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
04:55
There's a movie by the Canadian film director Denys Arcand --
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืกืจื˜ ืžืืช ื‘ืžืื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ ืืจืงืŸ --
05:00
read out in English on the page, "Dennis Ar-cand,"
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ืžืื™ื™ืชื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, "ื“ื ื™ืก ืืจ-ืงื ื“,"
05:02
if you want to look him up.
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื•.
05:04
He did a film called "Jesus of Montreal."
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ื ืกืจื˜ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื™ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ."
05:07
And many of the characters
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ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
05:09
are vibrant, funny, passionate, interesting French-Canadian,
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ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืงื ื“ื™ื•ืช-ืฆืจืคืชื™ื•ืช ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช, ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื•ืช, ืžืœืื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืงื”, ื•ื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช.
05:14
French-speaking women.
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05:15
There's one scene closest to the end,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืกืฆื ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ,
05:18
where they have to take a friend to an Anglophone hospital.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™"ื— ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
05:21
In the hospital, they have to speak English.
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื™"ื—, ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
05:23
Now, they speak English but it's not their native language,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืืš ื–ื• ืœื ืฉืคืช ื”ืื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
05:26
they'd rather not speak English.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
05:28
And they speak it more slowly,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:30
they have accents, they're not idiomatic.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื, ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื.
05:32
Suddenly these characters that you've fallen in love with
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ืœืคืชืข ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื”ืชืื”ื‘ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ
05:35
become husks of themselves, they're shadows of themselves.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืœืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
05:39
To go into a culture
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ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช
05:41
and to only ever process people through that kind of skrim curtain
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ื•ืœื ืชื— ืื ืฉื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืžืกืš ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื›ื–ื”
05:45
is to never truly get the culture.
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ืžืฉืžืข ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื.
05:47
And so to the extent that hundreds of languages will be left,
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ืื– ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืฉืจืง ืžืื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื“ื•,
05:50
one reason to learn them
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ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ
05:52
is because they are tickets to being able to participate
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ,
05:55
in the culture of the people who speak them,
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05:58
just by virtue of the fact that it is their code.
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
06:01
So that's one reason.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช.
06:03
Second reason:
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ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื”:
06:04
it's been shown
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ื”ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
06:06
that if you speak two languages, dementia is less likely to set in,
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ืฉืื ืืชื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืฉืคื•ืช, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืชื—ืœื• ื‘ื“ืžื ืฆื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื”,
06:11
and that you are probably a better multitasker.
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ื•ืฉืืชื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื˜ืืกืงื™ื ื’.
06:14
And these are factors that set in early,
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ื•ืืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
06:17
and so that ought to give you some sense
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื•
06:19
of when to give junior or juniorette lessons in another language.
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ืžืชื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืฆืขื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื–ืจื”.
06:24
Bilingualism is healthy.
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ื“ื•-ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
06:26
And then, third --
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช --
06:28
languages are just an awful lot of fun.
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ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
06:32
Much more fun than we're often told.
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ื›ื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•.
06:34
So for example, Arabic: "kataba," he wrote,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช "ื›ืชื‘ื”," ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘,
06:37
"yaktubu," he writes, she writes.
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"ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•," ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘, ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช.
06:41
"Uktub," write, in the imperative.
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"ืื•ื›ืชื•ื‘," ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™.
06:44
What do those things have in common?
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ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•?
06:46
All those things have in common
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
06:48
the consonants sitting in the middle like pillars.
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ืฉื”ืขื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื›ืžื• ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื.
06:51
They stay still,
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ื”ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื,
06:53
and the vowels dance around the consonants.
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ื•ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืจืงื“ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื.
06:56
Who wouldn't want to roll that around in their mouths?
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ืžื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื™ื•?
06:59
You can get that from Hebrew,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช,
07:01
you can get that from Ethiopia's main language, Amharic.
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ื’ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ืืžื”ืจื™ืช.
07:04
That's fun.
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ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ.
07:06
Or languages have different word orders.
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ืื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืกื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”.
07:09
Learning how to speak with different word order
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”
07:11
is like driving on the different side of a street if you go to certain country,
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ื’ื“ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช,
07:16
or the feeling that you get when you put Witch Hazel around your eyes
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ืื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืœื™ืก ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื›ื
07:21
and you feel the tingle.
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ื•ืืชื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืงืฆื•ืฅ.
07:22
A language can do that to you.
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ืฉืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื›ื.
07:25
So for example,
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ืื– ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
07:26
"The Cat in the Hat Comes Back,"
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'ื—ืชื•ืœ ืชืขืœื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ,'
07:28
a book that I'm sure we all often return to,
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ืกืคืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ,
07:31
like "Moby Dick."
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ื›ืžื• 'ืžื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืง.'
07:32
One phrase in it is, "Do you know where I found him?
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ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื, "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืื•ืชื•?
07:37
Do you know where he was? He was eating cake in the tub,
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ืดืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”? ื”ื•ื ืื›ืœ ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜,
ืดืื›ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”!"
07:40
Yes he was!"
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื›ืขืช ืื ืชืœืžื“ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื ื“ืจื™ื ื™ืช,
07:41
Fine. Now, if you learn that in Mandarin Chinese,
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07:43
then you have to master,
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ืื– ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื•ืžืจ,
07:45
"You can know, I did where him find?
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" ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืฆื•ื?
07:47
He was tub inside gorging cake,
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ืดื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื–ื•ืœืœ ืขื•ื’ื”,
07:49
No mistake gorging chewing!"
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ืดืœื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื–ื•ืœืœ ืœื•ืขืก!"
07:51
That just feels good.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:52
Imagine being able to do that for years and years at a time.
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ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
07:56
Or, have you ever learned any Cambodian?
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ืื•, ื”ืื ืœืžื“ืชื ืื™ ืคืขื ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ืช?
08:00
Me either, but if I did,
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ื’ื ืื ื™ ืœื, ืืš ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื•ืžื“,
08:04
I would get to roll around in my mouth not some baker's dozen of vowels
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ื‘ืคื™ ืœื ืจืง 13 ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช
08:08
like English has,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
08:09
but a good 30 different vowels
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ืืœื 30 ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
08:12
scooching and oozing around in the Cambodian mouth
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ืžืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื•ืช ื•ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ืคื” ื”ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™
08:16
like bees in a hive.
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ืจืช.
08:19
That is what a language can get you.
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ืœืฉื ืฉืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื.
08:22
And more to the point,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš,
08:23
we live in an era when it's never been easier to teach yourself another language.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืคื” ืื—ืจืช.
08:27
It used to be that you had to go to a classroom,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ืชื”,
08:29
and there would be some diligent teacher --
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ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืงื“ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• --
08:32
some genius teacher in there --
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ืžื•ืจื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ --
08:33
but that person was only in there at certain times
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ืืš ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืจืง ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
08:36
and you had to go then,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืื–,
08:37
and then was not most times.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
08:39
You had to go to class.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ืชื”.
08:40
If you didn't have that, you had something called a record.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืชืงืœื™ื˜.
08:43
I cut my teeth on those.
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ืื ื™ ืฉื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ืืœื•.
08:45
There was only so much data on a record,
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช,
08:48
or a cassette,
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ืื• ืขืœ ืงืœื˜ืช,
08:49
or even that antique object known as a CD.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจ.
08:51
Other than that you had books that didn't work,
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื–ืจื•,
08:54
that's just the way it was.
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ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”.
08:55
Today you can lay down --
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื‘ --
08:58
lie on your living room floor,
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ืœืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
09:01
sipping bourbon,
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ืœืœื’ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจื‘ื•ืŸ,
09:02
and teach yourself any language that you want to
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ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ืœ ืฉืคื” ืฉืจืง ืชืจืฆื•
09:05
with wonderful sets such as Rosetta Stone.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืจื•ื–ื˜ื” ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
09:07
I highly recommend the lesser known Glossika as well.
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื” - ื’ืœื•ืกื™ืงื”.
09:11
You can do it any time,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื,
09:12
therefore you can do it more and better.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:15
You can give yourself your morning pleasures in various languages.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ืขื™ื ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
09:19
I take some "Dilbert" in various languages every single morning;
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื“ื™ืœื‘ืจื˜" ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ:
09:23
it can increase your skills.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืื’ืจ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื›ื.
09:24
Couldn't have done it 20 years ago
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื™ื
09:26
when the idea of having any language you wanted
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ื›ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืคื” ืฉืจืง ืชืจืฆื•
09:30
in your pocket,
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ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœื›ื,
09:31
coming from your phone,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
09:33
would have sounded like science fiction to very sophisticated people.
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ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
09:37
So I highly recommend
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื
09:40
that you teach yourself languages other than the one that I'm speaking,
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ืฉืชืœืžื“ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืคื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
09:44
because there's never been a better time to do it.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
09:47
It's an awful lot of fun.
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ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
09:49
It won't change your mind,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ืขืชื›ื,
09:50
but it will most certainly blow your mind.
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ืืš ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื“ื”ื™ื ืืชื›ื.
09:54
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
09:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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