4 reasons to learn a new language | John McWhorter

2,053,418 views ใƒป 2016-10-28

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Meeyeon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
The language I'm speaking right now
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
00:15
is on its way to becoming the world's universal language,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณต์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
for better or for worse.
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์ข‹๋“  ์‹ซ๋“  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:22
Let's face it,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ง์‹œํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:23
it's the language of the internet,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ด๊ณ 
00:25
it's the language of finance,
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๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ
00:27
it's the language of air traffic control,
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ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ตํ†ต ๊ด€์ œ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
of popular music,
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ์Œ์•…
00:31
diplomacy --
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์™ธ๊ต
00:32
English is everywhere.
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์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋„์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:34
Now, Mandarin Chinese is spoken by more people,
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๋งŒ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ
00:38
but more Chinese people are learning English
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
00:40
than English speakers are learning Chinese.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:43
Last I heard,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋“ค์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š”
00:45
there are two dozen universities in China right now
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 24๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ
00:48
teaching all in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:51
English is taking over.
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์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:53
And in addition to that,
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๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:55
it's been predicted that at the end of the century
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์ด ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ์ฏค์—”
00:58
almost all of the languages that exist now --
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ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 6,000๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋“ค์ด
01:01
there are about 6,000 --
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
will no longer be spoken.
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01:04
There will only be some hundreds left.
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๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:07
And on top of that,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:09
it's at the point where instant translation of live speech
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์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ ์ฆ‰์„ ํ†ต์—ญ์ด
01:13
is not only possible, but it gets better every year.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งค๋…„ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:17
The reason I'm reciting those things to you
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:20
is because I can tell that we're getting to the point
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—
01:23
where a question is going to start being asked,
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๋‹ค๋‹ฌ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
which is: Why should we learn foreign languages --
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์ฆ‰, ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€
01:29
other than if English happens to be foreign to one?
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์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:33
Why bother to learn another one when it's getting to the point
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:36
where almost everybody in the world will be able to communicate in one?
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ…๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:42
I think there are a lot of reasons,
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์ „ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:44
but I first want to address
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๋จผ์ € ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:46
the one that you're probably most likely to have heard of,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:49
because actually it's more dangerous than you might think.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:54
And that is the idea
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
01:55
that a language channels your thoughts,
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:58
that the vocabulary and the grammar of different languages
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์—๊ฒŒ
02:02
gives everybody a different kind of acid trip,
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ์œ„ ํ™˜๊ฐ ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
so to speak.
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02:08
That is a marvelously enticing idea,
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:12
but it's kind of fraught.
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๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
So it's not that it's untrue completely.
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์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:17
So for example, in French and Spanish
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๊ฐ€๋ น ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์™€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์—์„œ
02:20
the word for table is, for some reason, marked as feminine.
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ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด์งธ์„œ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
So, "la table," "la mesa," you just have to deal with it.
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"la table," "la mesa," ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ์ฃ .
02:29
It has been shown
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
02:30
that if you are a speaker of one of those languages
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์ด ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์ด๊ณ 
02:33
and you happen to be asked
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ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
02:35
how you would imagine a table talking,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:39
then much more often than could possibly be an accident,
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์šฐ์—ฐ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ
02:43
a French or a Spanish speaker
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด
02:45
says that the table would talk with a high and feminine voice.
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์ด ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์€ ๋†’์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
02:50
So if you're French or Spanish, to you, a table is kind of a girl,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์ธ๋ผ๋ฉด, ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜
02:54
as opposed to if you are an English speaker.
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์˜์–ด์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์ผ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
It's hard not to love data like that,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค์ฃ .
02:59
and many people will tell you that that means
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์–ธ์–ด ์ค‘
03:01
that there's a worldview that you have if you speak one of those languages.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:06
But you have to watch out,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
because imagine if somebody put us under the microscope,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์— ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:12
the us being those of us who speak English natively.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
What is the worldview from English?
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์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
03:18
So for example, let's take an English speaker.
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์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:21
Up on the screen, that is Bono.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด์ฃ .
03:24
He speaks English.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ˆ์š”.
03:26
I presume he has a worldview.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ถ”์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Now, that is Donald Trump.
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์ด์ œ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์ฃ .
03:33
In his way,
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
03:34
he speaks English as well.
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๊ทธ ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
03:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:39
And here is Ms. Kardashian,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ถ„์€ ์นด๋‹ค์‹œ์•ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
and she is an English speaker, too.
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์ด ๋ถ„๋„ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์ด์ฃ .
03:44
So here are three speakers of the English language.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:47
What worldview do those three people have in common?
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์ด ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?
03:51
What worldview is shaped through the English language that unites them?
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์ด๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:56
It's a highly fraught concept.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด์ฃ .
03:58
And so gradual consensus is becoming that language can shape thought,
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:03
but it tends to be in rather darling, obscure psychological flutters.
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฉ‹์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์›€์ง์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
It's not a matter of giving you a different pair of glasses on the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:14
Now, if that's the case,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:17
then why learn languages?
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์™œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‚˜์š”?
04:19
If it isn't going to change the way you think,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:21
what would the other reasons be?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:23
There are some.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
One of them is that if you want to imbibe a culture,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ
04:31
if you want to drink it in, if you want to become part of it,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:34
then whether or not the language channels the culture --
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š”
04:38
and that seems doubtful --
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ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:40
if you want to imbibe the culture,
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๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:41
you have to control to some degree
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธํ™” ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”
04:44
the language that the culture happens to be conducted in.
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๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ†ต์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
There's no other way.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
04:49
There's an interesting illustration of this.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:51
I have to go slightly obscure, but really you should seek it out.
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์‚ด์ง ์• ๋งค๋ชจํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
04:55
There's a movie by the Canadian film director Denys Arcand --
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์˜ํ™” ๊ฐ๋… ๋ฐ๋‹ˆ ์•Œ์ฝฉ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:00
read out in English on the page, "Dennis Ar-cand,"
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋ฉด "๋ฐ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์•Œ-์บ”๋“œ"๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
05:02
if you want to look him up.
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ค๊นŒ๋ด์š”.
05:04
He did a film called "Jesus of Montreal."
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜"๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:07
And many of the characters
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๋งŽ์€ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋“ค์€
05:09
are vibrant, funny, passionate, interesting French-Canadian,
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ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ณ , ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์—ด์ • ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค-์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์ธ
05:14
French-speaking women.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
There's one scene closest to the end,
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์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋๋ฌด๋ ต์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:18
where they have to take a friend to an Anglophone hospital.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœํฐ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:21
In the hospital, they have to speak English.
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์ด ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
05:23
Now, they speak English but it's not their native language,
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์ด์ œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
05:26
they'd rather not speak English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
05:28
And they speak it more slowly,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
05:30
they have accents, they're not idiomatic.
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๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ด€์šฉํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
05:32
Suddenly these characters that you've fallen in love with
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋“ค์€
05:35
become husks of themselves, they're shadows of themselves.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ป์งˆ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์š”.
05:39
To go into a culture
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๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
05:41
and to only ever process people through that kind of skrim curtain
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™”๋ฉด ์ปคํŠผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:45
is to never truly get the culture.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:47
And so to the extent that hundreds of languages will be left,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋งŒ์ด ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์งˆ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
05:50
one reason to learn them
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์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผํ•  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:52
is because they are tickets to being able to participate
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๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
in the culture of the people who speak them,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋•์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:58
just by virtue of the fact that it is their code.
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06:01
So that's one reason.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:03
Second reason:
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ :
06:04
it's been shown
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
06:06
that if you speak two languages, dementia is less likely to set in,
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์ด์ค‘์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์น˜๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ 
06:11
and that you are probably a better multitasker.
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๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐํƒœ์Šคํ‚น์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:14
And these are factors that set in early,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
06:17
and so that ought to give you some sense
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ธ์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:19
of when to give junior or juniorette lessons in another language.
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์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ฃ .
06:24
Bilingualism is healthy.
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์ด์ค‘์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์š”.
06:26
And then, third --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
06:28
languages are just an awful lot of fun.
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ •๋ง ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:32
Much more fun than we're often told.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:34
So for example, Arabic: "kataba," he wrote,
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, ์•„๋ž์–ด "kataba"๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ณ ์š”.
06:37
"yaktubu," he writes, she writes.
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"yaktubu"๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์“ด๋‹ค.
06:41
"Uktub," write, in the imperative.
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"Uktub"๋Š” ์จ๋ผ, ๋ช…๋ น๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ ์š”.
06:44
What do those things have in common?
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
06:46
All those things have in common
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€
06:48
the consonants sitting in the middle like pillars.
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์ž์Œ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๊ณตํ†ต๋˜์ฃ .
06:51
They stay still,
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์ž์Œ์€ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:53
and the vowels dance around the consonants.
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๋ชจ์Œ์ด ์ž์Œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ถค์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:56
Who wouldn't want to roll that around in their mouths?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž… ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์•ˆ ๊ตด๋ ค ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
06:59
You can get that from Hebrew,
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์ด๋Š” ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:01
you can get that from Ethiopia's main language, Amharic.
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์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์˜ ์ฃผ ์–ธ์–ด์ธ ์•”ํ•˜๋ผ ์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
07:04
That's fun.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:06
Or languages have different word orders.
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๋˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด์ˆœ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:09
Learning how to speak with different word order
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:11
is like driving on the different side of a street if you go to certain country,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ ๊ธธ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
07:16
or the feeling that you get when you put Witch Hazel around your eyes
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ˆˆ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ฌผํŒŒ์Šค ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:21
and you feel the tingle.
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๋”ฐ๋”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
07:22
A language can do that to you.
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:25
So for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
07:26
"The Cat in the Hat Comes Back,"
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"๋” ์บฃ ์ธ ๋” ํ–‡"
07:28
a book that I'm sure we all often return to,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณธ ์ฑ…์ด์ฃ .
07:31
like "Moby Dick."
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"๋ชจ๋น„๋”•"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
07:32
One phrase in it is, "Do you know where I found him?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์€ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ?
07:37
Do you know where he was? He was eating cake in the tub,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ? ๊ทธ๋Š” ์š•์กฐ์—์„œ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.
์‘, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด!"
07:40
Yes he was!"
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07:41
Fine. Now, if you learn that in Mandarin Chinese,
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฑธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:43
then you have to master,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์…”์•ผํ•ด์š”.
07:45
"You can know, I did where him find?
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"๋„Œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”์ง€
07:47
He was tub inside gorging cake,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์š•์กฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.
07:49
No mistake gorging chewing!"
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๋จน๊ณ  ์”น๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜์—†์ด!"
07:51
That just feels good.
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์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”.
07:52
Imagine being able to do that for years and years at a time.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์ˆ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:56
Or, have you ever learned any Cambodian?
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ํ˜น์€ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„์–ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:00
Me either, but if I did,
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์ €๋„ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:04
I would get to roll around in my mouth not some baker's dozen of vowels
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์˜์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ด ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ์Œ์„ ์ œ ์ž… ์†์—์„œ ๊ตด๋ ค์•ผ
08:08
like English has,
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:09
but a good 30 different vowels
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30๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Œ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
08:12
scooching and oozing around in the Cambodian mouth
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์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„์ธ ์ž…์—์„œ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ์–ด๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:16
like bees in a hive.
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๋ฒŒ์ง‘์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
08:19
That is what a language can get you.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And more to the point,
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์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:23
we live in an era when it's never been easier to teach yourself another language.
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์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋…ํ•™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์› ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:27
It used to be that you had to go to a classroom,
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ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:29
and there would be some diligent teacher --
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๋ถ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ 
08:32
some genius teacher in there --
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์ฒœ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ 
08:33
but that person was only in there at certain times
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:36
and you had to go then,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:37
and then was not most times.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
08:39
You had to go to class.
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์ˆ˜์—…์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:40
If you didn't have that, you had something called a record.
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์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ ˆ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:43
I cut my teeth on those.
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์ €๋„ ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:45
There was only so much data on a record,
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๋ ˆ์ฝ”๋“œ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งŒ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:48
or a cassette,
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ํ˜น์€ ์นด์„ธํŠธ์š”.
08:49
or even that antique object known as a CD.
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CD๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณจ๋™ํ’ˆ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„์š”.
08:51
Other than that you had books that didn't work,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
08:54
that's just the way it was.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™”์ฃ .
08:55
Today you can lay down --
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
08:58
lie on your living room floor,
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๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์„œ
09:01
sipping bourbon,
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๋ฒ„๋ฒˆ ์œ„์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํ™€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ
09:02
and teach yourself any language that you want to
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:05
with wonderful sets such as Rosetta Stone.
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€ ์Šคํ†ค ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:07
I highly recommend the lesser known Glossika as well.
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๋œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ธ€๋กœ์‹œ์นด๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ ์ถ”์ฒœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
You can do it any time,
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์–ธ์ œ๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:12
therefore you can do it more and better.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:15
You can give yourself your morning pleasures in various languages.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์•„์นจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:19
I take some "Dilbert" in various languages every single morning;
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๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์ „ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ "๋”œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ"๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
it can increase your skills.
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์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:24
Couldn't have done it 20 years ago
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20๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:26
when the idea of having any language you wanted
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋“  ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ
09:30
in your pocket,
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09:31
coming from your phone,
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
09:33
would have sounded like science fiction to very sophisticated people.
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์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ SF ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“ค๋ฆด ๋ฒ•ํ—€๋˜ ๋•Œ์ฃ .
09:37
So I highly recommend
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ
09:40
that you teach yourself languages other than the one that I'm speaking,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์™ธ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ธธ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
because there's never been a better time to do it.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:47
It's an awful lot of fun.
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์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:49
It won't change your mind,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
09:50
but it will most certainly blow your mind.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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