Julian Assange: Why the world needs WikiLeaks

734,624 views ใƒป 2010-07-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Rafi Taglicht ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Chris Anderson: Julian, welcome.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื‘ื.
00:17
It's been reported that WikiLeaks, your baby,
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ื“ื•ื•ื— ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉ"ื•ื™ืงื™ืœื™ืงืก", ื‘ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืš,
00:19
has, in the last few years
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ืคืจืกื... ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
00:21
has released more classified documents
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื
00:24
than the rest of the world's media combined.
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ืžื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื™ื—ื“.
00:26
Can that possibly be true?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
00:28
Julian Assange: Yeah, can it possibly be true?
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ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืืกื ื’': ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
00:30
It's a worry -- isn't it? -- that the rest of the world's media
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ื–ื” ืžื“ืื™ื’ -- ื”ืœื ื›ืŸ? -- ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
00:33
is doing such a bad job
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ื›ื•ืฉืœืช ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš
00:35
that a little group of activists
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ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื™ื
00:37
is able to release more
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืคืจืกื ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:39
of that type of information
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”
00:41
than the rest of the world press combined.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื™ื—ื“.
00:43
CA: How does it work?
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ื›"ื: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ?
00:45
How do people release the documents?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื?
00:48
And how do you secure their privacy?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื?
00:51
JA: So these are -- as far as we can tell --
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ื’"'ื: ืืœื• ื”ื -- ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื --
00:53
classical whistleblowers,
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ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื
00:55
and we have a number of ways for them
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื
00:57
to get information to us.
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ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
00:59
So we use this state-of-the-art encryption
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:01
to bounce stuff around the Internet, to hide trails,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช
01:03
pass it through legal jurisdictions
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ืื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช
01:05
like Sweden and Belgium
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”
01:08
to enact those legal protections.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช.
01:12
We get information in the mail,
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ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ,
01:14
the regular postal mail,
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ื“ื•ืืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ,
01:17
encrypted or not,
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ืžื•ืฆืคืŸ ืื• ืœื,
01:19
vet it like a regular news organization, format it --
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ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• --
01:22
which is sometimes something that's quite hard to do,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงืฉื” ืœืžื“ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข,
01:25
when you're talking about
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ
01:27
giant databases of information --
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ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข --
01:29
release it to the public
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ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
01:31
and then defend ourselves
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ื•ืื– ืžืชื’ื•ื ื ื™ื
01:33
against the inevitable legal and political attacks.
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขื•ืช.
01:36
CA: So you make an effort to ensure
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ื›"ื: ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—
01:38
the documents are legitimate,
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ืฉื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื.
01:40
but you actually
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืชื
01:42
almost never know who the identity of the source is?
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.
01:45
JA: That's right, yeah. Very rarely do we ever know,
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ื’'"ื: ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,ื›ืŸ. ืจืง ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื ื“ืข ืื™ ืคืขื.
01:49
and if we find out at some stage
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
01:52
then we destroy that information as soon as possible.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
01:55
(Phone ring) God damn it.
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(ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ) ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ.
01:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:01
CA: I think that's the CIA asking what the code is
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ื›"ื: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื” - CIA ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืžื” ื”ืงื•ื“
02:03
for a TED membership.
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ TED.
02:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:08
So let's take [an] example, actually.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
02:10
This is something
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
02:12
you leaked a few years ago.
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ืฉื”ื“ืœืคืชื ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
02:14
If we can have this document up ...
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืžืš...
02:16
So this was a story in Kenya a few years ago.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
02:18
Can you tell us what you leaked and what happened?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืžื” ื”ื“ืœืคืชื ื•ืžื” ืงืจื”?
02:21
JA: So this is the Kroll Report.
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ื’'"ื: ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื“ื•"ื— ืงืจื•ืœ.
02:23
This was a secret intelligence report
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•"ื— ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ื™
02:26
commissioned by the Kenyan government
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ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื ื™ื”
02:28
after its election in 2004.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ 2004.
02:31
Prior to 2004, Kenya was ruled
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ืœืคื ื™ 2004, ืงื ื™ื” ื ืฉืœื˜ื”
02:33
by Daniel arap Moi
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืืจืืค ืžื•ื™
02:35
for about 18 years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื› 18 ืฉื ื”.
02:37
He was a soft dictator of Kenya.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ืจืš ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื”.
02:40
And when Kibaki got into power --
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืืงื™ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” --
02:42
through a coalition of forces that were trying
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืกื•
02:44
to clean up corruption in Kenya --
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ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ืงื ื™ื” ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช --
02:46
they commissioned this report,
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ื”ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื”ื–ื”,
02:48
spent about two million pounds
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ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื›ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืื•ื ื“
02:50
on this and an associated report.
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ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ื“ื•"ื— ื ืœื•ื”.
02:52
And then the government sat on it
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื“ื ื” ื‘ื•
02:55
and used it for political leverage on Moi,
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื• ื›ืžื ื•ืฃ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื ื’ื“ ืžื•ื™,
02:57
who was the richest man --
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ --
02:59
still is the richest man -- in Kenya.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ -- ื‘ืงื ื™ื”.
03:02
It's the Holy Grail of Kenyan journalism.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
03:05
So I went there in 2007,
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ื›ืš ืฉื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืฉื ื‘ 2007,
03:08
and we managed to get hold of this
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื”
03:10
just prior to the election --
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช --
03:12
the national election, December 28.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ 28 ืœื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ.
03:17
When we released that report,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืจืกืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•"ื—,
03:20
we did so three days after the new president, Kibaki,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืงื™ื‘ืืงื™,
03:23
had decided to pal up with
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื
03:25
the man that he was going to clean out,
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ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืžื“ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง,
03:27
Daniel arap Moi,
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ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืืจืืค ืžื•ื™.
03:29
so this report then
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ื›ืš ืฉื“ื•"ื— ื–ื”
03:32
became a dead albatross
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ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฉืงื•ืœืช
03:34
around President Kibaki's neck.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืืงื™.
03:38
CA: And -- I mean, to cut a long story short --
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ื›"ื: ื• -- ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ --
03:41
word of the report leaked into Kenya,
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ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื“ืœืคื” ืœืชื•ืš ืงื ื™ื”,
03:44
not from the official media, but indirectly,
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ืœื ืžื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืจ.
03:47
and in your opinion, it actually shifted the election.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชืš, ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื”.
03:50
JA: Yeah. So this became front page of the Guardian
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืืจื“ื™ืืŸ
03:53
and was then printed in all the surrounding countries of Kenya,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื“ืคืก ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงื ื™ื”,
03:56
in Tanzanian and South African press.
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ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
03:59
And so it came in from the outside.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
04:01
And that, after a couple of days,
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ื•ื–ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื,
04:03
made the Kenyan press feel safe to talk about it.
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ื’ืจื ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื•.
04:05
And it ran for 20 nights straight on Kenyan TV,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข 20 ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
04:08
shifted the vote by 10 percent,
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ื’ืจื ืœื”ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 10 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”,
04:11
according to a Kenyan intelligence report,
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•"ื— ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืชื™,
04:13
which changed the result of the election.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:15
CA: Wow, so your leak
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ื›"ื: ื•ื•ืื•, ืื– ื”ื”ื“ืœืคื” ืฉืœืš
04:17
really substantially changed the world?
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ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื?
04:19
JA: Yep.
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ.
04:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:25
CA: Here's -- We're going to just show
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ื›"ื: ื”ื ื” -- ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
04:27
a short clip from this
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ืงื˜ืข ืงืฆืจ
04:30
Baghdad airstrike video.
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ืžืžืชืงืคื” ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื“.
04:32
The video itself is longer,
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ื”ืกืจื˜ ืขืฆืžื• ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:34
but here's a short clip.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ืงื˜ืข ืงืฆืจ.
04:36
This is -- this is intense material, I should warn you.
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ื–ื”ื• -- ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ื–ืง, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืชื›ื.
04:39
Radio: ... just fuckin', once you get on 'em just open 'em up.
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ืงืฉืจ: ...ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืืฉ.
04:42
I see your element, uh, got about four Humvees, uh, out along ...
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืœืš, ืื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข, ืื”, ืœืื•ืจืš...
04:46
You're clear. All right. Firing.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื™ื•ืจื”.
04:49
Let me know when you've got them. Let's shoot.
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ืชื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื™ ื›ืฉืคื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ื. ื‘ื•ื ื ื™ืจื”.
04:52
Light 'em all up.
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ืชื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื.
04:54
C'mon, fire!
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ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืืฉ!
04:56
(Machine gun fire)
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(ื™ืจื™ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื™ืจื™ื”)
04:59
Keep shoot 'n. Keep shoot 'n.
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ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืช. ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืช.
05:02
(Machine gun fire)
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(ื™ืจื™ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื™ืจื™ื”)
05:05
Keep shoot 'n.
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ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืช.
05:08
Hotel ... Bushmaster Two-Six, Bushmaster Two-Six,
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ืžืœื•ืŸ... ื‘ื•ืฉืžืืกื˜ืจ ืฉืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืฉ, ื‘ื•ืฉืžืืกื˜ืจ ืฉืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืฉ,
05:10
we need to move, time now!
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื•ืข, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•!
05:12
All right, we just engaged all eight individuals.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืชืคืกื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื”.
05:15
Yeah, we see two birds [helicopters], and we're still firing.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืžืกื•ืงื™ื), ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื™ื.
05:18
Roger. I got 'em.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื.
05:20
Two-Six, this is Two-Six, we're mobile.
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืฉ, ืฉืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืฉ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”.
05:22
Oops, I'm sorry. What was going on?
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ืื•ืคืก, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ. ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?
05:24
God damn it, Kyle. All right, hahaha. I hit 'em.
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ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ืงื™ื™ืœ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื—ื” ื—ื”. ืคื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ื”ื.
05:29
CA: So, what was the impact of that?
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ื›"ื: ืื–, ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”?
05:32
JA: The impact on the people who worked on it
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ื’'"ื: ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”
05:35
was severe.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื”.
05:37
We ended up sending two people to Baghdad
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื—ื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื’ื“ื“
05:39
to further research that story.
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ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
05:41
So this is just the first of three attacks
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช
05:44
that occurred in that scene.
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืกืฆื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:46
CA: So, I mean, 11 people died in that attack, right,
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ื›"ื: ืื–, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, 11 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื• ื‘ืžืชืงืคื” ื”ื–ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
05:48
including two Reuters employees?
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก?
05:50
JA: Yeah. Two Reuters employees,
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก,
05:52
two young children were wounded.
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ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื ืคืฆืขื•.
05:55
There were between 18 and 26 people killed all together.
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18 ืขื“ 26 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ.
05:58
CA: And releasing this caused
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ื›"ื: ื•ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื’ืจื
06:00
widespread outrage.
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ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื•ืžื.
06:02
What was the key element of this
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™
06:04
that actually caused the outrage, do you think?
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ืจื ืœื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืœื“ืขืชืš?
06:07
JA: I don't know. I guess people can see
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ื’'"ื: ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
06:09
the gross disparity in force.
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ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช.
06:12
You have guys walking in a relaxed way down the street,
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘,
06:14
and then an Apache helicopter sitting up at one kilometer
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ื•ืื– ืžืกื•ืง ืืคืืฆ'ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ
06:17
firing 30-millimeter cannon shells
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ื™ื•ืจื” ืคื’ื–ื™ ืชื•ืชื— 30 - ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ
06:19
on everyone --
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ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื --
06:21
looking for any excuse to do so --
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ืžื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช --
06:24
and killing people rescuing the wounded.
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ื•ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื.
06:26
And there was two journalists involved that clearly weren't insurgents
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื
06:29
because that's their full-time job.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”.
06:33
CA: I mean, there's been this U.S. intelligence analyst,
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ื›"ื: ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืืจื”"ื‘,
06:36
Bradley Manning, arrested,
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ื‘ืจืื“ืœื™ ืžืื ื™ื ื’, ืฉื ืขืฆืจ.
06:38
and it's alleged that he confessed in a chat room
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ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฆ'ื˜
06:41
to have leaked this video to you,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืืœื™ืš,
06:44
along with 280,000
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื 280,000
06:46
classified U.S. embassy cables.
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ืžื‘ืจืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
06:48
I mean, did he?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช?
06:51
JA: We have denied receiving those cables.
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ื’'"ื: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื—ืฉื ื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืจืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
06:53
He has been charged,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืืฉื,
06:55
about five days ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื,
06:57
with obtaining 150,000 cables
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ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช 150,000 ืžื‘ืจืงื™ื
07:00
and releasing 50.
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ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืœ 50.
07:02
Now, we had released,
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื• ืคืจืกืžื ื•
07:05
early in the year,
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ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื”
07:07
a cable from the Reykjavik U.S. embassy,
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ืžื‘ืจืง ืžืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื™ื•ื™ืง.
07:11
but this is not necessarily connected.
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ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื”ื.
07:13
I mean, I was a known visitor of that embassy.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืจ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื•.
07:15
CA: I mean, if you did receive thousands
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ื›"ื: ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืืœืคื™
07:17
of U.S. embassy diplomatic cables ...
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ืžื‘ืจืงื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘...
07:20
JA: We would have released them. (CA: You would?)
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ื’'"ื: ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืื•ืชื. (ื›"ื: ื”ื™ื™ืชื?)
07:22
JA: Yeah. (CA: Because?)
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ. (ื›"ื: ื›ื™?)
07:25
JA: Well, because these sort of things
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ื’'"ื: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
07:27
reveal what the true state
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ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืžื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™
07:30
of, say,
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ืฉืœ, ื ืืžืจ,
07:32
Arab governments are like,
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช.
07:34
the true human-rights abuses in those governments.
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ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืืœื•.
07:37
If you look at declassified cables,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื‘ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื,
07:39
that's the sort of material that's there.
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ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืชืžืฆื ืฉื.
07:41
CA: So let's talk a little more broadly about this.
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ื›"ื: ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”.
07:43
I mean, in general, what's your philosophy?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžื” ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœืš?
07:45
Why is it right
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืฆื•ื“ืง
07:47
to encourage leaking of secret information?
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ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื”ื“ืœืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืกื•ื“ื™?
07:51
JA: Well, there's a question as to what sort of information is important in the world,
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ื’'"ื: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื,
07:54
what sort of information
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ืžื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
07:56
can achieve reform.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจืคื•ืจืžื”.
07:58
And there's a lot of information.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘.
08:00
So information that organizations
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื
08:02
are spending economic effort into concealing,
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ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžืืžืฅ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื”ืกืชืจืชื•,
08:05
that's a really good signal
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘
08:07
that when the information gets out,
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
08:09
there's a hope of it doing some good --
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ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
08:11
because the organizations that know it best,
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ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:13
that know it from the inside out,
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•,
08:15
are spending work to conceal it.
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ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžืืžืฅ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
08:18
And that's what we've found in practice,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
08:20
and that's what the history of journalism is.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช.
08:23
CA: But are there risks with that,
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ื›"ื: ืืš ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš,
08:26
either to the individuals concerned
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ืื• ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข
08:29
or indeed to society at large,
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ืื• ืื›ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”
08:31
where leaking can actually have
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืœืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช
08:33
an unintended consequence?
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ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช?
08:35
JA: Not that we have seen with anything we have released.
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ื’'"ื: ืœื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืคืจืกืžื ื•.
08:37
I mean, we have a harm immunization policy.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžื ื–ืง.
08:39
We have a way of dealing with information
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข
08:41
that has sort of personal --
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ --
08:43
personally identifying information in it.
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ ืžื–ื”ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
08:46
But there are legitimate secrets --
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื --
08:49
you know, your records with your doctor;
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœืš,
08:52
that's a legitimate secret --
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ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™.
08:54
but we deal with whistleblowers that are coming forward
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื
08:56
that are really sort of well-motivated.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืข ื˜ื•ื‘.
08:59
CA: So they are well-motivated.
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ื›"ื: ืื– ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
09:01
And what would you say to, for example,
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ื•ืžื” ืชื’ื™ื“, ืœืžืฉืœ,
09:03
the, you know, the parent of someone
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืœื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• --
09:06
whose son is out serving the U.S. military,
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ืฉื‘ื ื• ืžืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืืจื”"ื‘,
09:09
and he says, "You know what,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”,
09:11
you've put up something that someone had an incentive to put out.
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ื”ืขืœื™ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช.
09:13
It shows a U.S. soldier laughing
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ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฆื•ื—ืง
09:15
at people dying.
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ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื.
09:17
That gives the impression, has given the impression,
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื -- ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื
09:19
to millions of people around the world
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ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื
09:21
that U.S. soldiers are inhuman people.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
09:23
Actually, they're not. My son isn't. How dare you?"
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ืœื. ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื–ื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืžืขื–?"
09:25
What would you say to that?
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ืžื” ืชืืžืจ ืœื›ืš?
09:27
JA: Yeah, we do get a lot of that.
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
09:29
But remember, the people in Baghdad,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื“,
09:31
the people in Iraq, the people in Afghanistan --
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจืง, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ --
09:34
they don't need to see the video;
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ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
09:36
they see it every day.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
09:38
So it's not going to change their opinion. It's not going to change their perception.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื. ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื.
09:41
That's what they see every day.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
09:43
It will change the perception and opinion
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ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื•ื”ื“ืขื”
09:46
of the people who are paying for it all,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
09:48
and that's our hope.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื•ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
09:51
CA: So you found a way to shine light
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ื›"ื: ืื ื›ืš ืžืฆืืช ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืื•ืจ
09:54
into what you see
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ืืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื”
09:57
as these sort of dark secrets in companies and in government.
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ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืคืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช.
10:01
Light is good.
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ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:03
But do you see any irony in the fact that,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืื™ื ืš ืจื•ืื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”,
10:05
in order for you to shine that light,
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ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ื–ื”,
10:07
you have to, yourself,
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ืืชื” ืขืฆืžืš, ืฆืจื™ืš,
10:09
create secrecy around your sources?
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืš?
10:12
JA: Not really. I mean, we don't have
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ื’'"ื: ืœื ืžืžืฉ. ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื•
10:15
any WikiLeaks dissidents yet.
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ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืœื™ืงืก ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
10:19
We don't have sources who are dissidents on other sources.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืคืจืฉื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
10:23
Should they come forward, that would be a tricky situation for us,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืื•, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
10:26
but we're presumably acting in such a way
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื–ื•
10:29
that people feel
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื
10:31
morally compelled
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ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช
10:33
to continue our mission, not to screw it up.
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ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืœื ืœื“ืคื•ืง ืื•ืชื”.
10:37
CA: I'd actually be interested, just based on what we've heard so far --
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ื›"ื: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• --
10:40
I'm curious as to the opinion in the TED audience.
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ืื ื™ ืกืงืจืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ TED.
10:45
You know, there might be a couple of views
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื™ืขื•ืช
10:47
of WikiLeaks and of Julian.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืœื™ืงืก ื•ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ.
10:49
You know, hero -- people's hero --
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ -- ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื --
10:52
bringing this important light.
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ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
10:55
Dangerous troublemaker.
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ืขื•ืฉื” ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
10:58
Who's got the hero view?
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ?
11:02
Who's got the dangerous troublemaker view?
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืฆืจื•ืช?
11:06
JA: Oh, come on. There must be some.
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ื’'"ื: ืื•, ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื”.
11:09
CA: It's a soft crowd, Julian, a soft crowd.
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ื›"ื: ื–ื” ืงื”ืœ ืจืš, ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ, ืงื”ืœ ืจืš.
11:11
We have to try better. Let's show them another example.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืจืช.
11:13
Now here's something that you haven't yet leaked,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื“ืœืคืช,
11:16
but I think for TED you are.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ TED.
11:19
I mean it's an intriguing story that's just happened, right?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืจืชืง ืฉืงืจื” ื–ื” ืขืชื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:21
What is this?
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ืžื”ื•?
11:23
JA: So this is a sample of what we do
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ื’'"ื: ืื– ื–ื• ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
11:25
sort of every day.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
11:27
So late last year -- in November last year --
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ืื ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” -- ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” --
11:30
there was a series of well blowouts
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ื‘ืืจื•ืช
11:32
in Albania,
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ื‘ืืœื‘ื ื™ื”
11:34
like the well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico,
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
11:37
but not quite as big.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
11:39
And we got a report --
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— --
11:42
a sort of engineering analysis into what happened --
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ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” --
11:45
saying that, in fact, security guards
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื™ื,
11:48
from some rival, various competing oil firms
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ืžืžืชื—ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืื™ ืืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช
11:51
had, in fact, parked trucks there and blown them up.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ื ื• ืฉื ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืฆืฆื• ืื•ืชืŸ.
11:55
And part of the Albanian government was in this, etc., etc.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืžืžืฉืœืช ืืœื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื›ื•'.
11:59
And the engineering report
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ื•ืœื“ื•"ื— ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™
12:00
had nothing on the top of it,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœื•ื.
12:02
so it was an extremely difficult document for us.
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื–ื” ืžืกืžืš ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:04
We couldn't verify it because we didn't know
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืืžืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื•
12:06
who wrote it and knew what it was about.
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ืžื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžื™ ื™ื“ืข ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข.
12:08
So we were kind of skeptical that maybe it was
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืกืคืงื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื•
12:10
a competing oil firm just sort of playing the issue up.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืคื˜ ืžืชื—ืจื” ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
12:12
So under that basis, we put it out and said,
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ืื– ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืืžืจื ื•,
12:14
"Look, we're skeptical about this thing.
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"ืชืจืื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืกืคืงื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
12:16
We don't know, but what can we do?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
12:18
The material looks good, it feels right,
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
12:20
but we just can't verify it."
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืžืช ืื•ืชื•"
12:22
And we then got a letter
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ื•ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžื›ืชื‘
12:25
just this week
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ืจืง ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข
12:28
from the company who wrote it,
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ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืชื•,
12:31
wanting to track down the source --
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ --
12:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:38
saying, "Hey, we want to track down the source."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช, "ื”ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ."
12:41
And we were like, "Oh, tell us more.
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื• ืœื”ื, " ืื•, ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:43
What document is it, precisely, you're talking about?
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ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืžืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
12:46
Can you show that you had legal authority over that document?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืกืžืš ื–ื”?
12:49
Is it really yours?"
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœื›ื?"
12:51
So they sent us this screen shot
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ืื– ื”ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื ื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
12:54
with the author
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ืขื ืฉื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ
12:56
in the Microsoft Word ID.
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ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื•ื•ืจื“.
13:01
Yeah.
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ื›ืŸ.
13:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:08
That's happened quite a lot though.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืขืžื™ื.
13:10
This is like one of our methods
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
13:12
of identifying, of verifying, what a material is,
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ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ -- ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ,
13:15
is to try and get these guys to write letters.
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื.
13:17
CA: Yeah. Have you had information
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ื›"ื: ื›ืŸ. ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžื™ื“ืข
13:20
from inside BP?
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ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžืชื•ืš BP?
13:22
JA: Yeah, we have a lot, but I mean, at the moment,
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ืจื’ืข,
13:25
we are undergoing a sort of serious fundraising and engineering effort.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื ื“ืกื™.
13:28
So our publication rate
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ื›ืš ืฉืงืฆื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
13:30
over the past few months
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
13:32
has been sort of minimized
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ื”ื•ืคื—ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื
13:34
while we're re-engineering our back systems
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
13:37
for the phenomenal public interest that we have.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•.
13:40
That's a problem.
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”.
13:42
I mean, like any sort of growing startup organization,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื ืง ืฉื’ื“ืœ,
13:45
we are sort of overwhelmed
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืžื™ื
13:47
by our growth,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
13:49
and that means we're getting enormous quantity
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช
13:51
of whistleblower disclosures
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ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฉืคื™ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ืช
13:53
of a very high caliber
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“,
13:55
but don't have enough people to actually
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืขืฉื”
13:57
process and vet this information.
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ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
13:59
CA: So that's the key bottleneck,
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ื›"ื: ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
14:01
basically journalistic volunteers
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื
14:03
and/or the funding of journalistic salaries?
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ื•/ืื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื?
14:06
JA: Yep. Yeah, and trusted people.
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš.
14:08
I mean, we're an organization
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
14:10
that is hard to grow very quickly
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ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืงืฉื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืจ
14:12
because of the sort of material we deal with,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื™ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื.
14:14
so we have to restructure
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ
14:17
in order to have people
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื
14:19
who will deal with the highest national security stuff,
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ืฉื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืจื‘,
14:22
and then lower security cases.
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ื•ืื– ื’ื ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืชื™ื.
14:24
CA: So help us understand a bit about you personally
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืขืœื™ืš
14:27
and how you came to do this.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื–ื”.
14:29
And I think I read that as a kid
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืฉื›ื™ืœื“
14:31
you went to 37 different schools.
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ื”ืœื›ืช ืœ 37 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:34
Can that be right?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
14:36
JA: Well, my parents were in the movie business
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ื’'"ื: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื
14:39
and then on the run from a cult,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื ื•ืกื” ืžื›ืช,
14:41
so the combination between the two ...
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ืื– ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื...
14:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:47
CA: I mean, a psychologist might say
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ื›"ื: ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืืžืจ
14:49
that's a recipe for breeding paranoia.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืืจื ื•ื™ื”.
14:52
JA: What, the movie business?
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ื’'"ื: ืžื”, ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื?
14:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:00
CA: And you were also -- I mean,
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ื›"ื: ื•ืืชื” ื’ื -- ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ,
15:02
you were also a hacker at an early age
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ืืงืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ
15:04
and ran into the authorities early on.
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ื•ื”ืชื ื’ืฉืช ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
15:07
JA: Well, I was a journalist.
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ื’'"ื: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™.
15:10
You know, I was a very young journalist activist at an early age.
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
15:12
I wrote a magazine,
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช,
15:14
was prosecuted for it when I was a teenager.
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ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืฉืขืฉืจื”.
15:17
So you have to be careful with hacker.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืขื ื”ืืงืจ.
15:19
I mean there's like -- there's a method
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืŸ -- ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื”
15:21
that can be deployed for various things.
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
15:23
Unfortunately, at the moment,
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ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื›ืจื’ืข,
15:25
it's mostly deployed by the Russian mafia
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืืคื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช
15:27
in order to steal your grandmother's bank accounts.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœืš.
15:29
So this phrase is not,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• --
15:32
not as nice as it used to be.
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ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืžื“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
15:34
CA: Yeah, well, I certainly don't think
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ื›"ื: ื›ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
15:36
you're stealing anyone's grandmother's bank account,
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ืฉืืชื” ื’ื•ื ื‘ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
15:39
but what about
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™
15:41
your core values?
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ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš?
15:43
Can you give us a sense of what they are
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื
15:46
and maybe some incident in your life
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืžืื•ืจืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš
15:48
that helped determine them?
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ืฉืกื™ื™ืข ืœืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชื?
15:53
JA: I'm not sure about the incident.
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ื’'"ื: ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืข.
15:55
But the core values:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื:
15:58
well, capable, generous men
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
16:01
do not create victims;
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ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช,
16:03
they nurture victims.
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ื”ื ืžื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
16:05
And that's something from my father
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื‘ื ืฉืœื™
16:07
and something from other capable, generous men
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ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืื—ืจื™ื
16:10
that have been in my life.
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ืฉื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
16:13
CA: Capable, generous men do not create victims;
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ื›"ื: ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช,
16:15
they nurture victims?
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ื”ื ืžื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช?
16:17
JA: Yeah. And you know,
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
16:19
I'm a combative person,
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ืื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื•ื—ืžื ื™,
16:23
so I'm not actually so big on the nurture,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื˜ืคื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื—ื–ืง ืืฆืœื™.
16:25
but some way --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• --
16:28
there is another way of nurturing victims,
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช,
16:31
which is to police perpetrators
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืคืงื— ืื—ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™
16:34
of crime.
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ืคืฉืข.
16:36
And so that is something
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ
16:38
that has been in my character
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื™
16:40
for a long time.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
16:42
CA: So just tell us, very quickly in the last minute, the story:
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ืื– ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืงื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ:
16:45
what happened in Iceland?
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ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“?
16:48
You basically published something there,
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืคื™ืจืกืžืช ืฉื ืžืฉื”ื•,
16:51
ran into trouble with a bank,
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ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ืช ืขื ื‘ื ืง,
16:54
then the news service there
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ื•ืื– ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื
16:56
was injuncted from running the story.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฆื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืืกืจ ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
16:59
Instead, they publicized your side.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื ืคื™ืจืกืžื• ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœืš.
17:01
That made you very high-profile in Iceland. What happened next?
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชืš ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“. ืžื” ืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš?
17:04
JA: Yeah, this is a great case, you know.
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ื’'"ื: ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื” ืขืฆื•ื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข.
17:06
Iceland went through this financial crisis.
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ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ืขื‘ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื”ื–ื”.
17:08
It was the hardest hit of any country in the world.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
17:10
Its banking sector was 10 times the GDP
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ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ 10 ืžื”ืชืž"ื’
17:12
of the rest of the economy.
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ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
17:14
Anyway, so we release this report
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืื– ืฉื—ืจืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื”ื–ื”
17:17
in July last year.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
17:20
And the national TV station was injuncted
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ื•ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืฆื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื
17:22
five minutes before it went on air,
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ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืขืœื” ืœืื•ื™ืจ.
17:24
like out of a movie: injunction landed on the news desk,
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ื›ืžื• ืžืชื•ืš ืกืจื˜, ืฆื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
17:26
and the news reader was like,
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ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•,
17:28
"This has never happened before. What do we do?"
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"ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืจื” ืงื•ื“ื. ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื?"
17:30
Well, we just show the website instead,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื,
17:32
for all that time, as a filler,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืื•ืชื•.
17:35
and we became very famous in Iceland,
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“,
17:37
went to Iceland and spoke about this issue.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
17:40
And there was a feeling in the community
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”
17:42
that that should never happen again,
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
17:44
and as a result,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”,
17:46
working with Icelandic politicians
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืงืื™ื ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ื
17:48
and some other international legal experts,
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ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
17:50
we put together a new sort of
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ
17:52
package of legislation for Iceland
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ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืกืœื ื“
17:55
to sort of become an offshore haven
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืงืœื˜
17:58
for the free press,
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ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช,
18:01
with the strongest journalistic protections in the world,
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ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
18:04
with a new Nobel Prize
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ืขื ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ
18:06
for freedom of speech.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
18:08
Iceland's a Nordic country,
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ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ืจื“ื™ืช
18:10
so, like Norway, it's able to tap into the system.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช.
18:13
And just a month ago,
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ื•ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
18:15
this was passed by the Icelandic parliament unanimously.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ ืคื” ืื—ื“.
18:18
CA: Wow.
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ื›"ื: ื•ื•ืื•.
18:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:26
Last question, Julian.
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ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ.
18:28
When you think of the future then,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืื–,
18:30
do you think it's more likely to be
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื”
18:32
Big Brother exerting more control,
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ื”ืื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
18:34
more secrecy,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช,
18:36
or us watching
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ืื• ืื ื• ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ื
18:38
Big Brother,
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ืขืœ ื”ืื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
18:40
or it's just all to be played for either way?
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ืื• ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืคืชื•ื— ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ?
18:43
JA: I'm not sure which way it's going to go.
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ื’'"ื: ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื™ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืœืš.
18:45
I mean, there's enormous pressures
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
18:47
to harmonize freedom of speech legislation
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
18:50
and transparency legislation around the world --
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ื•ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
18:53
within the E.U.,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™,
18:55
between China and the United States.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื”"ื‘.
18:57
Which way is it going to go? It's hard to see.
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ืœืื™ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืœืš? ืงืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื.
19:00
That's why it's a very interesting time to be in --
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ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
19:02
because with just a little bit of effort,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืืžืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ
19:04
we can shift it one way or the other.
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ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืื• ื”ืฉื ื™.
19:07
CA: Well, it looks like I'm reflecting the audience's opinion
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ื›"ื:, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื”ืœ
19:10
to say, Julian, be careful,
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ืœืืžื•ืจ, ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ
19:12
and all power to you.
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ื•ื™ื™ืฉืจ ื›ื•ื—.
19:14
JA: Thank you, Chris. (CA: Thank you.)
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ื’'"ื: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ื›ืจื™ืก. (ื›"ื: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.)
19:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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