The $8 billion iPod | Rob Reid

950,665 views ใƒป 2012-03-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ron Bentata
00:15
The recent debate over copyright laws
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ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
00:17
like SOPA in the United States
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ื›ืžื• ื”-SOPA ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
00:19
and the ACTA agreement in Europe
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ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื”-ACTA ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
00:21
has been very emotional.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
00:23
And I think some dispassionate, quantitative reasoning
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ืช ืจื’ืฉ ื•ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื•ืช
00:26
could really bring a great deal to the debate.
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ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
00:28
I'd therefore like to propose
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข
00:30
that we employ, we enlist,
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ืฉื ืฉืชืžืฉ, ื ื’ื™ื™ืก,
00:32
the cutting edge field of copyright math
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ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
00:34
whenever we approach this subject.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื.
00:36
For instance, just recently
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
00:38
the Motion Picture Association revealed
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ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื—ืฉืฃ
00:40
that our economy loses 58 billion dollars a year
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ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ื” 58 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”
00:43
to copyright theft.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
00:46
Now rather than just argue about this number,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืชื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”,
00:48
a copyright mathematician will analyze it
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ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื ืชื— ืืช ื–ื”
00:51
and he'll soon discover that this money
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ื•ื™ื’ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื”
00:53
could stretch from this auditorium
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžืชื— ืžื”ืื•ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”
00:55
all the way across Ocean Boulevard
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืื•ืฉืŸ
00:57
to the Westin, and then to Mars ...
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ืขื“ ืœื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื– ืœืžืื“ื™ื ...
01:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:02
... if we use pennies.
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... ืื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืคื ื™.
01:05
Now this is obviously a powerful,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื‘ื—ื ื” ื—ื–ืงื”,
01:07
some might say dangerously powerful, insight.
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ื—ืœืง ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื—ื–ืงื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื”.
01:10
But it's also a morally important one.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช.
01:12
Because this isn't just the hypothetical retail value
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืจืš ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ื”ื™ืคื•ื˜ื˜ื™
01:15
of some pirated movies that we're talking about,
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ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
01:17
but this is actual economic losses.
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ืืœื ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื.
01:19
This is the equivalent
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš
01:21
to the entire American corn crop failing
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ืœื”ืคืกื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืชื™ืจืก ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
01:23
along with all of our fruit crops,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื™,
01:26
as well as wheat, tobacco,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื”, ื”ื˜ื‘ืง,
01:28
rice, sorghum --
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ื”ืื•ืจื–, ื”ื“ื•ืจื” --
01:30
whatever sorghum is -- losing sorghum.
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ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืจื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื™ื” -- ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื“ื•ืจื”.
01:34
But identifying the actual losses to the economy
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”
01:37
is almost impossible to do
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ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
01:39
unless we use copyright math.
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ืืœื ืื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
01:41
Now music revenues are down by about eight billion dollars a year
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”
01:44
since Napster first came on the scene.
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ืžืื– ืฉื ืืคืกื˜ืจ ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
01:46
So that's a chunk of what we're looking for.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.
01:49
But total movie revenues
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื
01:51
across theaters, home video and pay-per-view are up.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข, ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืคื™ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืขืœื•.
01:53
And TV, satellite and cable revenues are way up.
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ื•ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœื• ืžืื•ื“.
01:56
Other content markets like book publishing and radio
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ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืจื“ื™ื•
01:58
are also up.
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ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืขืœื•.
02:00
So this small missing chunk here
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืกืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื”
02:02
is puzzling.
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ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:07
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:10
Since the big content markets
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
02:12
have grown in line with historic norms,
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ื’ื“ืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
02:14
it's not additional growth that piracy has prevented,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื ืขื”,
02:17
but copyright math tells us
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืจืื” ืœื ื•
02:19
it must therefore be foregone growth
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื‘ื“
02:22
in a market that has no historic norms --
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ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช --
02:24
one that didn't exist in the 90's.
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ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90.
02:26
What we're looking at here
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ืืŸ
02:28
is the insidious cost of ringtone piracy.
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ื–ื• ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืชืจื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ื ื™ื.
02:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:34
50 billion dollars of it a year,
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50 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”.
02:36
which is enough, at 30 seconds a ringtone,
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง, ื‘-30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ,
02:38
that could stretch from here
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ืœื”ื™ืžืชื— ืžื›ืืŸ
02:40
to Neanderthal times.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืื ื“ืจื˜ืœื™ื.
02:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:46
It's true.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:50
I have Excel.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืงืกืœ.
02:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:54
The movie folks also tell us
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื•
02:56
that our economy loses
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ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ื”
02:58
over 370,000 jobs to content theft,
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ืžืขืœ ืœ-370,000 ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ,
03:01
which is quite a lot when you consider that, back in '98,
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 98
03:04
the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicated
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ืœืฉื›ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืชื”
03:06
that the motion picture and video industries
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ืฉืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•
03:08
were employing 270,000 people.
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ื”ืขืกื™ืงื” 270,000 ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:11
Other data has the music industry at about 45,000 people.
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืขืจืš 45,000 ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:14
And so the job losses that came with the Internet
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื“ื• ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
03:16
and all that content theft,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื•,
03:18
have therefore left us with negative employment in our content industries.
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ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:21
And this is just one of the many mind-blowing statistics
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ื•ื–ื• ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช
03:24
that copyright mathematicians have to deal with every day.
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ืฉืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
03:26
And some people think that string theory is tough.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืชืื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืชืจื™ื ืงืฉื”.
03:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:31
Now this is a key number from the copyright mathematicians' toolkit.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžืคืชื— ืžืืจื’ื– ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
03:34
It's the precise amount of harm
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง
03:36
that comes to media companies
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ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื”
03:38
whenever a single copyrighted song or movie
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืกืจื˜ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
03:40
gets pirated.
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ืžื•ืคืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ื™.
03:42
Hollywood and Congress derived this number mathematically
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ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช
03:45
back when they last sat down to improve copyright damages
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
03:48
and made this law.
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื”.
03:50
Some people think this number's a little bit large,
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
03:52
but copyright mathematicians who are media lobby experts
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื“ื•ืœื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื”
03:55
are merely surprised
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ืจืง ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื
03:57
that it doesn't get compounded for inflation every year.
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ืฉืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื–ื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ื“ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
04:00
Now when this law first passed,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
04:02
the world's hottest MP3 player could hold just 10 songs.
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ื ื’ืŸ ื”-MP3 ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื›ื™ืœ ืจืง 10 ืฉื™ืจื™ื.
04:05
And it was a big Christmas hit.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ ื—ื’ ืžื•ืœื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
04:07
Because what little hoodlum wouldn't want
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืœื ื™ืจืฆื”
04:09
a million and a half bucks-worth of stolen goods in his pocket.
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ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื’ื ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœื•.
04:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:19
These days an iPod Classic can hold 40,000 songs,
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ื™ืคื•ื“ ืงืœืืกื™ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง 40,000 ืฉื™ืจื™ื,
04:22
which is to say eight billion dollars-worth
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ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
04:25
of stolen media.
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ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื” ื’ื ื•ื‘ื”.
04:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:29
Or about 75,000 jobs.
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ืื• ื‘ืขืจืš 75,000 ืžืฉืจื•ืช.
04:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:38
Now you might find copyright math strange,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื”,
04:41
but that's because it's a field
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื
04:43
that's best left to experts.
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ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื.
04:45
So that's it for now.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
04:47
I hope you'll join me next time
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”
04:49
when I will be making an equally scientific and fact-based inquiry
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื”
04:52
into the cost of alien music piracy to he American economy.
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ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
04:55
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
04:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื™ื)
04:59
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
05:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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