The $8 billion iPod | Rob Reid

950,306 views ・ 2012-03-15

TED


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Prevoditelj: Jelena Horvat Recezent: Nenad Maljković
00:15
The recent debate over copyright laws
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Nedavna rasprava o zakonima protiv piratstva
00:17
like SOPA in the United States
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kao što je SOPA u SAD-u
00:19
and the ACTA agreement in Europe
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i sporazum ACTA u Europi
00:21
has been very emotional.
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bila je vrlo emotivna.
00:23
And I think some dispassionate, quantitative reasoning
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Vjerujem da bi nepristrano i kvantitativno rasuđivanje
00:26
could really bring a great deal to the debate.
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moglo dati veliki doprinos toj raspravi.
00:28
I'd therefore like to propose
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Stoga predlažem
00:30
that we employ, we enlist,
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da iskoristimo i primjenimo
00:32
the cutting edge field of copyright math
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vrhunsku znanost matematike autorskog prava
00:34
whenever we approach this subject.
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kad god pristupamo ovome problemu.
00:36
For instance, just recently
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Naprimjer, nedavno je
00:38
the Motion Picture Association revealed
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Udruga filmskih producenata objavila
00:40
that our economy loses 58 billion dollars a year
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da naše gospodarstvo gubi 58 milijardi dolara godišnje
00:43
to copyright theft.
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zbog krađe autorskog prava.
00:46
Now rather than just argue about this number,
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Umjesto da samo raspravlja o tom broju,
00:48
a copyright mathematician will analyze it
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matematičar autorskog prava analizirat će ga
00:51
and he'll soon discover that this money
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i ubrzo otkriti da bi se taj novac
00:53
could stretch from this auditorium
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mogao rastegnuti od ove dvorane,
00:55
all the way across Ocean Boulevard
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preko Ocean bulevara
00:57
to the Westin, and then to Mars ...
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pa do Westina, i zatim do Marsa...
01:00
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
01:02
... if we use pennies.
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...ako koristimo penije.
01:05
Now this is obviously a powerful,
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To je očito izrazito važna,
01:07
some might say dangerously powerful, insight.
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neki bi rekli čak i opasno važna spoznaja.
01:10
But it's also a morally important one.
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No ona je ujedno i moralno važna,
01:12
Because this isn't just the hypothetical retail value
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jer tu se ne radi samo o hipotetičkoj
01:15
of some pirated movies that we're talking about,
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maloprodajnoj vrijednosti piratiziranih filmova,
01:17
but this is actual economic losses.
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već o stvarnim ekonomskim gubicima.
01:19
This is the equivalent
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To je vrijednost koja odgovara vrijednosti
01:21
to the entire American corn crop failing
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gubitka cjelokupne američke sjetve kukuruza
01:23
along with all of our fruit crops,
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skupa sa svim našim voćnim kulturama,
01:26
as well as wheat, tobacco,
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kao i pšenice, duhana,
01:28
rice, sorghum --
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riže, sirka -
01:30
whatever sorghum is -- losing sorghum.
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što god da je sirak. Gubitak sirka.
01:34
But identifying the actual losses to the economy
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Identificirati stvarne gubitke po ekonomiju
01:37
is almost impossible to do
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gotovo je nemoguće bez
01:39
unless we use copyright math.
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primjene matematike autorskog prava.
01:41
Now music revenues are down by about eight billion dollars a year
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Prihodi glazbene industrije pali su za oko 8 milijardi dolara godišnje
01:44
since Napster first came on the scene.
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otkada se na sceni pojavio Napster.
01:46
So that's a chunk of what we're looking for.
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To je zapravo veličina koju tražimo.
01:49
But total movie revenues
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Ukupni prihodi od filma,
01:51
across theaters, home video and pay-per-view are up.
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preko kazališta, kućnih videa i online prikazivanja su u porastu.
01:53
And TV, satellite and cable revenues are way up.
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Rastu i prihodi od televizije, satelitske i kablovske televizije.
01:56
Other content markets like book publishing and radio
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Slična tržišta sadržaja, poput izdavaštva i radija,
01:58
are also up.
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također rastu.
02:00
So this small missing chunk here
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Dakle, ova sitna veličina koja nedostaje
02:02
is puzzling.
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je zapravo zagonetka.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
02:07
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
02:10
Since the big content markets
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S obzirom na to da velika tržišta sadržaja
02:12
have grown in line with historic norms,
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rastu u skladu s povijesnim podacima,
02:14
it's not additional growth that piracy has prevented,
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piratstvo nije spriječilo dodatni rast,
02:17
but copyright math tells us
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već nam matematika autorskog prava ukazuje
02:19
it must therefore be foregone growth
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da je do izostanka rasta stoga moralo doći
02:22
in a market that has no historic norms --
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na tržištu za koje nemamo povijesnih podataka -
02:24
one that didn't exist in the 90's.
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na tržištu koje nije ni postojalo u 90-ima.
02:26
What we're looking at here
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Ono što ovdje vidimo jest
02:28
is the insidious cost of ringtone piracy.
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prikriveni trošak piratstva zvukova za mobitele.
02:30
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
02:34
50 billion dollars of it a year,
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50 milijardi dolara godišnje,
02:36
which is enough, at 30 seconds a ringtone,
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što bi se moglo, ako mobitel zvoni 30 sekundi,
02:38
that could stretch from here
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razvući od sada
02:40
to Neanderthal times.
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pa do vremena neandertalaca.
02:42
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
02:46
It's true.
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Istina je.
02:48
(Applause)
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(smijeh)
02:50
I have Excel.
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Imam Excel.
02:52
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
02:54
The movie folks also tell us
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Oni koji rade filmove nam kažu
02:56
that our economy loses
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da naša ekonomija zbog krađe sadržaja
02:58
over 370,000 jobs to content theft,
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gubi preko 370.000 radnih mjesta,
03:01
which is quite a lot when you consider that, back in '98,
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što je zapravo jako mnogo ako uzmemo u obzir da je '98
03:04
the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicated
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Zavod za statistiku rada objavio
03:06
that the motion picture and video industries
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da filmska i video industrija
03:08
were employing 270,000 people.
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zapošljavaju 270.000 osoba.
03:11
Other data has the music industry at about 45,000 people.
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Prema drugim izvorima glazbena industrija ima oko 45.000 zaposlenih.
03:14
And so the job losses that came with the Internet
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Tako da je gubitak radnih mjesta uzrokovan internetom
03:16
and all that content theft,
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i svom tom krađom sadržaja
03:18
have therefore left us with negative employment in our content industries.
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doveo do negativnog trenda zapošljavanja u industrijama sadržaja.
03:21
And this is just one of the many mind-blowing statistics
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I to je samo jedan od mnoštva zapanjujućih pokazatelja
03:24
that copyright mathematicians have to deal with every day.
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s kojima se matematičari autorskog prava moraju svakodnevno nositi.
03:26
And some people think that string theory is tough.
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A neki ljudi misle da je teorija struna teška.
03:29
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
03:31
Now this is a key number from the copyright mathematicians' toolkit.
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Ovo ovdje je ključna brojka matematike autorskog prava.
03:34
It's the precise amount of harm
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To je precizan iznos štete
03:36
that comes to media companies
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koju pretrpe medijske tvrtke
03:38
whenever a single copyrighted song or movie
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kad god neka zaštićena pjesma ili film
03:40
gets pirated.
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bude piratiziran.
03:42
Hollywood and Congress derived this number mathematically
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Hollywood i Kongres matematički su došli do toga broja
03:45
back when they last sat down to improve copyright damages
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kada su posljednji put odlučili unaprijediti štetu od piratstva,
03:48
and made this law.
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i donijeti taj zakon.
03:50
Some people think this number's a little bit large,
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Neki smatraju da je taj broj nešto preuveličan,
03:52
but copyright mathematicians who are media lobby experts
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no matematičari autorskog prava koji su stručnjaci za medijsko lobiranje
03:55
are merely surprised
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zapravo su iznenađeni
03:57
that it doesn't get compounded for inflation every year.
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da nije i veći zbog uračunavanja godišnje inflacije.
04:00
Now when this law first passed,
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Kada je taj zakon prvi put donesen
04:02
the world's hottest MP3 player could hold just 10 songs.
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najbolji MP3 uređaj na svijetu mogao je spremiti samo 10 pjesama.
04:05
And it was a big Christmas hit.
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Bio je tada velik božićni hit,
04:07
Because what little hoodlum wouldn't want
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jer koja mala bitanga ne bi željela
04:09
a million and a half bucks-worth of stolen goods in his pocket.
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milijun i pol dolara vrijednu ukradenu robu u džepu.
04:11
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
04:14
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
04:19
These days an iPod Classic can hold 40,000 songs,
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Ovih dana iPod Classic može spremiti 40.000 pjesama,
04:22
which is to say eight billion dollars-worth
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što daje vrijednost od osam milijardi dolara
04:25
of stolen media.
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ukradenog sadržaja.
04:27
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
04:29
Or about 75,000 jobs.
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Ili oko 75.000 Jobs (Steve)
04:31
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
04:33
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
04:38
Now you might find copyright math strange,
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Možda vam se matematika autorskog prava čini čudnom,
04:41
but that's because it's a field
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ali to je zato što je to područje
04:43
that's best left to experts.
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koje je bolje prepustiti stručnjacima.
04:45
So that's it for now.
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Toliko za sada.
04:47
I hope you'll join me next time
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Nadam se da ćete mi se pridružiti i sljedeći put
04:49
when I will be making an equally scientific and fact-based inquiry
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u jednako znanstvenom i na činjenicama utemeljenom istraživanju
04:52
into the cost of alien music piracy to he American economy.
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troškova izvanzemaljskog piratstva u američkoj ekonomiji.
04:55
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
04:57
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
04:59
Thank you.
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Hvala.
05:01
(Applause)
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(pljesak)

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