Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement

Translator: Irene Vila Reviewer: TED Translators admin

I'd like to take you to another world.

M'agradaria portar-vos a un altre món.

And I'd like to share

I m'agradaria compartir

a 45 year-old love story

una història d'amor de 45 anys

with the poor,

amb els pobres,

living on less than one dollar a day.

que viuen amb menys d'un dòlar al dia.

I went to a very elitist, snobbish,

Vaig tenir una educació molt cara,

expensive education in India,

elitista i esnob a l'Índia

and that almost destroyed me.

i això gairebé em destrossa.

I was all set

Estava preparat

to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --

per ser un diplomat, un professor, un doctor...

all laid out.

tot estava a punt.

Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion

Llavors, no ho sembla, però vaig ser el campió nacional de l'Índia d'esquaix

for three years.

durant tres anys.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

The whole world was laid out for me.

El món sencer estava al meu abast.

Everything was at my feet.

Tot estava als meus peus.

I could do nothing wrong.

No podia equivocar-me.

And then I thought out of curiosity

I llavors, vaig pensar, per curiositat

I'd like to go and live and work

que m'agradaria anar i viure i treballar

and just see what a village is like.

i veure, simplement, com era un poble.

So in 1965,

O sigui que, al 1965

I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,

vaig anar al que es va anomenar la pitjor fam de Bihar a l'Índia

and I saw starvation, death,

i vaig veure la fam, la mort,

people dying of hunger, for the first time.

gent morint de gana, per primera vegada.

It changed my life.

Em va canviar la vida.

I came back home,

Vaig tornar a casa

told my mother,

i vaig dir a la meva mare:

"I'd like to live and work in a village."

"M'agradaria anar a viure i treballar en un poble"

Mother went into a coma.

La mare es va quedar en coma.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

"What is this?

"Com?

The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,

El món sencer està davant teu, les millors feines a tocar de la mà,

and you want to go and work in a village?

i tu vols anar i treballar en un poble?

I mean, is there something wrong with you?"

però, et passa alguna cosa?"

I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.

Jo vaig dir-li: "No, he tingut la millor educació.

It made me think.

M'ha fet pensar.

And I wanted to give something back

I volia donar alguna cosa a canvi

in my own way."

a la meva manera."

"What do you want to do in a village?

"Què hi vols fer en un poble?

No job, no money,

No hi ha feina, no hi ha diners,

no security, no prospect."

no hi ha seguretat, no hi ha prespectives de futur."

I said, "I want to live

Vaig dir: "Vull viure

and dig wells for five years."

i excavar pous durant cinc anys."

"Dig wells for five years?

"Excavar pous durant cinc anys?

You went to the most expensive school and college in India,

Has anat a l'escola i a la universitat més cara de l'Índia

and you want to dig wells for five years?"

i vols excavar pous durant cinc anys?"

She didn't speak to me for a very long time,

No em va parlar durant una llarga temporada,

because she thought I'd let my family down.

perquè creia que havia decebut la meva família.

But then,

Però llavors,

I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills

vaig entrar en contacte amb les habilitats i el coneixement més extraordinaris

that very poor people have,

que té la gent molt pobre,

which are never brought into the mainstream --

els quals mai es porten als corrents dominanats

which is never identified, respected,

mai són identificats, ni respectats,

applied on a large scale.

ni aplicats a gran escala.

And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --

I vaig pensar que començariaun "Barefoot College",

college only for the poor.

una universitat només per als pobres.

What the poor thought was important

El que els pobres creien que era important

would be reflected in the college.

es reflexaria a la universitat.

I went to this village for the first time.

Vaig anar a un poble per primera vegada.

Elders came to me

La gent gran venia

and said, "Are you running from the police?"

i em preguntava: "T'estàs escapant de la policia?"

I said, "No."

Jo deia: "No."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

"You failed in your exam?"

"Has suspès els examens?"

I said, "No."

Jo deia, "No."

"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."

"No has aconseguit una feina al govern?" Jo deia: "No."

"What are you doing here?

"Què hi fas aquí?

Why are you here?

Per què ets aquí?

The education system in India

El sistema educatiu de l'Índia

makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;

fa que miris cap a Paris, Nova Delhi i Zurich;

what are you doing in this village?

què hi fas en aquest poble?

Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"

Et passa alguna cosa que ens estàs amagant?"

I said, "No, I want to actually start a college

Jo deia, "No, de fet, vull començar una universitat

only for the poor.

només per la gent pobre.

What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."

El que la gent pobre creu que és important estarà reflexat en aquesta universitat."

So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.

I la gent gran em van donar un consell molt sensat i profund.

They said, "Please,

Em van dir: "Si us plau,

don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification

no portis a ningú amb un títol acadèmic o universitari

into your college."

a la teva universitat."

So it's the only college in India

Per tant, és la única universitat a l'Índia

where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,

on, si tens un doctorat o un màster

you are disqualified to come.

no estàs qualificat per venir.

You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout

Has de ser un desastre, un fracassat o un marginat

to come to our college.

per venir a la nostra universitat.

You have to work with your hands.

Has de treballar amb les teves mans.

You have to have a dignity of labor.

Has de tenir dignitat de treball

You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community

Has de demostrar que tens una habilitat que pots oferir a la comunitat

and provide a service to the community.

i donar servei a la comunitat.

So we started the Barefoot College,

Així que vam començar el "Barefoot College"

and we redefined professionalism.

i vam redefinir la professionalitat.

Who is a professional?

Qui és un professional?

A professional is someone

Un professional es algú

who has a combination of competence,

que té una combinació de competència,

confidence and belief.

confiança i creença.

A water diviner is a professional.

Un saurí és un professional.

A traditional midwife

Una llevadora tradicional

is a professional.

és una professional.

A traditional bone setter is a professional.

Un terrissaire tradicional és un professional.

These are professionals all over the world.

Tots ells són professionals a tot el món.

You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.

Els trobareu a qualsevol poblet inaccessible del planeta.

And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream

I vam pensar que aquesta gent havia de ser reconeguda

and show that the knowledge and skills that they have

i mostrar que el coneixement i les habilitats que aquesta gent té

is universal.

són universals.

It needs to be used, needs to be applied,

S'han de fer servir, s'han d'aplicar,

needs to be shown to the world outside --

s'ha de mostrar al món allà fora--

that these knowledge and skills

que aquest coneixement i aquestes habilitats

are relevant even today.

encara són importants avui.

So the college works

Així, la universitat funciona

following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.

seguint l'estil de vida i de treball de Mahatma Gandhi.

You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.

Menges al terra, dorms al terra, treballes al terra.

There are no contracts, no written contracts.

No hi ha contractes, cap contracte escrit.

You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.

Pots estar amb mi 20 anys o marxar demà.

And no one can get more than $100 a month.

I ningú pot guanyar més de 100 $ al mes.

You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.

Si vens pels diners, no vinguis al "Barefoot College".

You come for the work and the challenge,

Si vens pel treball i pel repte,

you'll come to the Barefoot College.

vine al "Barefoot College".

That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.

És allà on volem que provis idees esbojarrades.

Whatever idea you have, come and try it.

Qualsevol idea que tinguis, vine i posa-la a prova.

It doesn't matter if you fail.

No passa res si no surt bé.

Battered, bruised, you start again.

Derrotat, masegat, tornes a començar.

It's the only college where the teacher is the learner

És la única universitat on el professor és l'aprenent

and the learner is the teacher.

i l'aprenent és el professor.

And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.

I és la única universitat on no donem certificats.

You are certified by the community you serve.

Estàs certificat per la comunitat que serveixes.

You don't need a paper to hang on the wall

No necessites un paper que pengi de la pared

to show that you are an engineer.

per demostrar que ets enginyer.

So when I said that,

Quan vaig dir això,

they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?

ells em van dir: "D'acord, ensenyan's el que és possible. Que fas?

This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."

Tot això és només xerrameca si no ens ho pots demostrar sobre el terreny.

So we built the first Barefoot College

I vam construir el primer "Barefoot College"

in 1986.

al 1986.

It was built by 12 Barefoot architects

El van construir 12 arquitectes "descalços"

who can't read and write,

que no saben llegir ni escriure,

built on $1.50 a sq. ft.

construït amb menys de 1,50 $ el metre quadrat

150 people lived there, worked there.

150 persones vivien i treballaven allà.

They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.

Van aconseguir el premi d'arquitectura Aga Khan del 2002.

But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.

Però llavors van sospitar, van pensar que hi havia un arquitecte al darrere.

I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,

Jo vaig dir: "Sí, ells han fet els plànols

but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."

però han estat els arquitectes "descalços" els que realment han construït la universitat."

We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,

Som els únics que, de fet, vam tornar el premi de 50.000 $,

because they didn't believe us,

perquè no ens van creure,

and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions

i vam pensar que, de fet, estaven posant en dubte

on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.

els arquitecte "descalços" de Tilonia.

I asked a forester --

Vaig preguntar a un enginyer forestal--

high-powered, paper-qualified expert --

expert qualificat i de gran prestigi--

I said, "What can you build in this place?"

Vaig dir: "Qué pots construïr aquí?"

He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.

Va fer un cop d'ull a la terra i va dir: "Oblida-ho. De cap manera.

Not even worth it.

No val la pena.

No water, rocky soil."

Sense aigua, terra rocosa."

I was in a bit of a spot.

Em vaig trobar en un mal pas.

And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village

I em vaig dir: "D'acord, aniré a veure l'ancià del poble

and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"

i li diré: 'Què hi puc fer crèixer aquí?'"

He looked quietly at me and said,

Em va mirar tranquil·lament i em va dir:

"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."

"Construeix això, construeix això, posa això i funcionarà."

This is what it looks like today.

Aquest és l'aspecte que té avui.

Went to the roof,

Vaig anar al terrat,

and all the women said, "Clear out.

i totes les dones em van dir: "Fora.

The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.

Els homes han de marxar perquè no volem compartir aquesta tecnologia amb ells.

This is waterproofing the roof."

És la impermeabilització del terrat."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens

Una mica de melassa, unes quantes ortigues

and a bit of other things I don't know.

i una mica d'altres coses que no sé.

But it actually doesn't leak.

Però realment no filtra.

Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.

Des de 1986 no ha filtrat.

This technology, the women will not share with the men.

Aquesta tecnologia, que les dones no compartiran amb els homes.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

It's the only college

És l'única universitat

which is fully solar-electrified.

que té tot el sistema elèctric alimentat amb energia solar.

All the power comes from the sun.

Tota l'electricitat ve del sol.

45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.

Panells de 45 quilowatts al terrat.

And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.

I tot funcionarà gràcies al sol durant els propers 25 anys.

So long as the sun shines,

Mentre el sol brilli,

we'll have no problem with power.

nosaltres no tindrem problemes d'electricitat.

But the beauty is

Però la bellesa està

that is was installed

en què va ser instal·lat

by a priest, a Hindu priest,

per un sacerdot, un sacerdot hindú,

who's only done eight years of primary schooling --

que només va fer vuit anys d'escola primària--

never been to school, never been to college.

no ha anat mai a l'institut, no ha anat mai a la universitat.

He knows more about solar

Però sap més d'energia solar

than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.

que qualsevol que jo conegui a qualsevol lloc del món. Ho garanteixo.

Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,

El menjar, si veniu al "Barefoot College",

is solar cooked.

es cuina amb energia solar.

But the people who fabricated that solar cooker

I la gent que fabrica aquestes cuines solars

are women,

són dones,

illiterate women,

dones analfabetes,

who actually fabricate

que, de fet, fabriquen

the most sophisticated solar cooker.

les cuines solars més sofisticades.

It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.

És una cuina solar parabòlica i autònoma.

Unfortunately, they're almost half German,

Desgraciadament, són gairebé mig alemanes,

they're so precise.

són tan precises.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

You'll never find Indian women so precise.

No trobareu mai dones índies tan precises.

Absolutely to the last inch,

Poden fer aquesta cuina,

they can make that cooker.

absolutament fins a l'última peça.

And we have 60 meals twice a day

I fem 60 àpats, dues vegades al dia

of solar cooking.

cuinats amb el sol.

We have a dentist --

Tenim una dentista--

she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.

és una àvia, analfabeta, que és dentista.

She actually looks after the teeth

De fet, cuida les dents

of 7,000 children.

de 7.000 nens.

Barefoot technology:

Tecnologia "descalça":

this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --

això va ser al 1986 -- cap enginyer, cap arquitecte hi havia pensat--

but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.

però nosaltres estem recollint l'aigua de la pluja dels terrats.

Very little water is wasted.

Es malgasta molt poca aigua.

All the roofs are connected underground

Tots els terrats estan connectats per sota terra

to a 400,000 liter tank,

amb un tanc de 400.000 litres,

and no water is wasted.

i no es malgasta gens d'aigua.

If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,

Si tinguéssim 4 anys de sequera, nosaltres encara tindríem aigua al campus,

because we collect rainwater.

perquè recollim l'aigua de la pluja.

60 percent of children don't go to school,

El 60 per cent dels nens no van a l'escola,

because they have to look after animals --

perquè han de cuidar els animals--

sheep, goats --

ovelles, cabres--

domestic chores.

tasques domèstiques.

So we thought of starting a school

Així que vam pensar en començar

at night for the children.

una escola nocturna pels nens.

Because the night schools of Tilonia,

Gràcies a les escoles nocturnes de Tilonia,

over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.

més de 75.000 nens han passat per aquestes escoles nocturnes.

Because it's for the convenience of the child;

Ja que és per la conveniència dels nens;

it's not for the convenience of the teacher.

no per la conveniència dels mestres.

And what do we teach in these schools?

I què ensenyem en aquestes escoles?

Democracy, citizenship,

Democràcia, ciutadania,

how you should measure your land,

com has de mesurar la teva terra,

what you should do if you're arrested,

què fer si t'arresten,

what you should do if your animal is sick.

què fer si el teu animal es posa malalt.

This is what we teach in the night schools.

Això és el que ensenyem a les escoles nocturnes.

But all the schools are solar-lit.

Però totes les escoles tenen llum amb energia solar.

Every five years

Cada cinc anys

we have an election.

fem eleccions.

Between six to 14 year-old children

Nens d'entre 6 i 14 anys

participate in a democratic process,

participen en un procés democràtic,

and they elect a prime minister.

i elegeixen un primer ministre.

The prime minister is 12 years old.

La primera ministre té 12 anys.

She looks after 20 goats in the morning,

Cuida 20 cabres al matí,

but she's prime minister in the evening.

però al vespre és primera ministra.

She has a cabinet,

Té un gabinet,

a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.

un ministre d'educació, un ministre d'energia, un ministre de salut.

And they actually monitor and supervise

I, de fet, ells controlen i supervisen

150 schools for 7,000 children.

150 escoles per 7000 nens.

She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,

Fa cinc anys va rebre el Premi dels Nens del Món,

and she went to Sweden.

i se'n va anar a Suècia,

First time ever going out of her village.

La primera vegada a la vida que sortia del seu poble.

Never seen Sweden.

Mai abans havia vist Suècia.

Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.

No estava gens impressionada pel que estava passant.

And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,

La reina de Suècia, que estava allà,

turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?

es va girar i em va dir: "Li pots preguntar a aquesta nena d'on treu aquesta confiança?

She's only 12 years old,

Només té 12 anys,

and she's not dazzled by anything."

i res l'impressiona."

And the girl, who's on her left,

I la nena, que està a la seva esquerra,

turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye

es va girar cap a mi i va mirar la reina directe als ulls

and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."

i va dir: "Si us plau, digue-li que sóc la primera ministra."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)

Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,

Allà on el percentatge d'analfabetisme és molt alt,

we use puppetry.

fem servir titelles.

Puppets is the way we communicate.

Els titelles són la nostra manera de comunicar-nos.

You have Jokhim Chacha

Aquí teniu Jaokim Chacha

who is 300 years old.

que té 300 anys.

He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.

És el meu psicoanalista. És el meu professor.

He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.

És el meu doctor. És el meu advocat.

He's my donor.

És el meu donant.

He actually raises money,

Ell, de fet, aconsegueix diners,

solves my disputes.

soluciona les meves disputes.

He solves my problems in the village.

Resol els meu problemes al poble.

If there's tension in the village,

Si hi ha alguna tensió al poble,

if attendance at the schools goes down

si l'assistència a les escoles baixa

and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,

i hi ha friccions entre el mestre i el pare,

the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village

el titella crida al mestre i al pare davant de tot el poble

and says, "Shake hands.

i diu: "Doneu-vos la mà.

The attendance must not drop."

L'assistència no pot caure."

These puppets

Aquests titelles

are made out of recycled World Bank reports.

estan fets d'informes del Banc Mundial reciclats.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)

So this decentralized, demystified approach

Així que amb aquesta proposta descentralitzada, desmitificada

of solar-electrifying villages,

de pobles electrificats amb energia solar

we've covered all over India

hem arribat a tota l'Índia

from Ladakh up to Bhutan --

des de Ladakh fins a Bhutan --

all solar-electrified villages

tots pobles alimentats amb energia solar

by people who have been trained.

per gent que ha estat formada.

And we went to Ladakh,

I vam anar a Ladakh,

and we asked this woman --

i li vam preguntar a aquesta dona --

this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,

aquí, a menys 40 graus, has de sortir pel terrat,

because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --

perquè no hi ha espai, estava tot nevat als dos costats --

and we asked this woman,

li vam preguntar a aquesta dona:

"What was the benefit you had

"Quin benefici has obtingut

from solar electricity?"

de l'energia solar?"

And she thought for a minute and said,

Ella s'ho va pensar durant un minut i va dir:

"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."

"És la primera vegada que puc veure la cara del meu marit a l'hivern."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Went to Afghanistan.

Vam anar a l'Afghanistan.

One lesson we learned in India

Una lliçó que vam aprendre a l'Índia

was men are untrainable.

és que els homes són impossibles de formar.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Men are restless,

Els homes són impacients,

men are ambitious,

els homes són ambiciosos,

men are compulsively mobile,

els homes es mouen compulsivament,

and they all want a certificate.

i tots volen un certificat.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

All across the globe, you have this tendency

Per tot el planeta, trobareu aquesta tendència

of men wanting a certificate.

d'homes que volen certificats.

Why? Because they want to leave the village

Per què? Perquè volen marxar del poble

and go to a city, looking for a job.

i anar a la ciutat, a buscar feina.

So we came up with a great solution:

Així que vam trobar una gran solució:

train grandmothers.

formar les àvies.

What's the best way of communicating

Quina és la millor manera de comunicar

in the world today?

al món, avui en dia?

Television? No.

La televisió? No.

Telegraph? No.

El telègraf? No.

Telephone? No.

El telèfon? No.

Tell a woman.

Explicar-ho a una dona.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)

So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,

Així que vam anar a l'Afghanistan per primera vegada,

and we picked three women

i vam escollir tres dones

and said, "We want to take them to India."

i vam dir: "Ens les volem endur a l'Índia."

They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,

Ells van dir: "Impossible. No surten ni de les seves habitacions,

and you want to take them to India."

i us les voleu endur a l'Índia."

I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."

Jo vaig dir: "Faré una concessió. M'enduré els marits també."

So I took the husbands along.

O sigui que també me'n vaig endur els marits.

Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.

Evidentment, les dones eren molt més intel·ligents que els homes.

In six months,

En sis mesos,

how do we train these women?

com formem aquestes dones?

Sign language.

Llenguatge de signes.

You don't choose the written word.

No pots optar per la paraula escrita.

You don't choose the spoken word.

No pots optar per la paraula oral.

You use sign language.

Fas servir el llenguatge de signes.

And in six months

I en sis mesos

they can become solar engineers.

es poden convertir en enginyeres solars.

They go back and solar-electrify their own village.

Van tornar i van alimentar amb energia solar el seu poble.

This woman went back

Aquestes dones van tornar

and solar-electrified the first village,

i van electrificar amb energia solar el primer poble,

set up a workshop --

van muntar un taller --

the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan

el primer poble que mai hagi estat alimentat amb energia solar a l'Afghanistan

[was] by the three women.

ho ha sigut gràcies a les tres dones.

This woman

Aquesta dona

is an extraordinary grandmother.

és una àvia extraordinària.

55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.

Té 55 anys i ha portat energia solar a 200 cases a l'Afghanistan per mi.

And they haven't collapsed.

I no s'han ensorrat.

She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan

De fet, va anar a parlar amb el departament d'enginyeria de l'Afghanistan

and told the head of the department

i va explicar al cap del departament

the difference between AC and DC.

la diferència entre CA i CC

He didn't know.

Ell no ho sabia.

Those three women have trained 27 more women

Aquelles tres dones han format a 27 dones més

and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.

que han electrificat amb energia solar 100 pobles a l'Afghanistan.

We went to Africa,

Vam anar a l'Àfrica

and we did the same thing.

i vam fer el mateix.

All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,

Totes aquestes dones de vuit, nou països, assegudes en una taula,

all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,

totes parlant les unes amb les altres, però sense entendre res,

because they're all speaking a different language.

perquè totes parlen llengües diferents.

But their body language is great.

Però el seu llenguatge corporal és fantàstic.

They're speaking to each other

Parlen les unes amb les altres

and actually becoming solar engineers.

i, de fet, es converteixen en enginyeres solars.

I went to Sierra Leone,

Vaig anar a Sierra Leone,

and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --

hi havia un ministre conduïnt a mitjanit

comes across this village.

topa amb un poble.

Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"

Torna enrere, entra al poble i pregunta: "Què passa?"

They said, "These two grandmothers ... "

ells contesten: "Aquestes dues àvies..."

"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.

"Àvies?" El ministre no es podia creure el que estava passant.

"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."

"On han anat?" "Han anat a l'Índia i han tornat."

Went straight to the president.

Va anar directe amb el president.

He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"

Va dir: "Saps que hi ha un poble a Sierra Leone alimentat amb energia solar?"

He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.

Va contestar: "No." La meitat del gabinet van anar a veure les àvies al dia següent.

"What's the story."

"Què passa?"

So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"

Em va fer cridar i em va dir: "Pots formar 150 àvies?

I said, "I can't, Mr. President.

Jo vaig dir: "No puc, Sr. President.

But they will. The grandmothers will."

Però elles sí. Les àvies ho faran."

So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.

I ens va construir el primer centre de formació Barefoot a Sierra Leone.

And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.

I es van formar 150 àvies a Sierra Leone.

Gambia:

Gambia:

we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.

vam anar a triar una àvia a Gambia.

Went to this village.

Vam anar a un poble.

I knew which woman I would like to take.

Jo sabia quina dona volia endur-me

The community got together and said, "Take these two women."

La comunitat es va reunir i va dir: "Emporta't aquestes dues dones."

I said, "No, I want to take this woman."

Jo vaig dir: "No, vull endur-me'n aquesta."

They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."

Ells van dir: "Per què? No sap la llengua. No la coneixes."

I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."

Jo vaig dir: "M'agrada el llenguatge corporal. M'agrada com parla."

"Difficult husband; not possible."

"Un marit difícil; impossible."

Called the husband, the husband came,

Vam cridar el marit, el marit va venir,

swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."

caminar altiu, polític, el mòbil a la mà. "Impossible."

"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."

"Per què no?" "La dona, mira que bonica que és."

I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."

Jo vaig dir: "Sí, és molt bonica."

"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"

"Què passarà si se'n va amb un home indi?"

That was his biggest fear.

Això era el que més por li feia.

I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."

Vaig dir: "Serà feliç. Et trucarà al mòbil."

She went like a grandmother

Ella va marxar com una àvia

and came back like a tiger.

i va tornar com una tigressa.

She walked out of the plane

Va baixar de l'avió

and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.

i va parlar amb tota la premsa com si fos una veterana.

She handled the national press,

Es va encarregar de la premsa nacional,

and she was a star.

i es va convertir en una estrella.

And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"

I quan vaig tornar sis mesos més tard, vaig preguntar "On és el teu marit?"

"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."

"Oh, en algun lloc. Tant li fa."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Success story.

Història amb final feliç.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)

I'll just wind up by saying

Acabaré dient

that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.

que penso que no heu de buscar la solució a fora.

Look for solutions within.

Busqueu la solució a dins.

And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.

I escolteu la gent que teniu al davant i que té la solució.

They're all over the world.

Estan per tot arreu.

Don't even worry.

No us preocupeu.

Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.

No escolteu el Banc Mundial, escolteu la gent que està en el terreny.

They have all the solutions in the world.

Tenen totes les solucions del món.

I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.

I finalment acabo amb una cita de Mahatma Gandhi.

"First they ignore you,

"Primer t'ignoren,

then they laugh at you,

després se'n riuen,

then they fight you,

més tard t'ataquen,

and then you win."

i finalment, guanyes."

Thank you.

Gràcies.

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)