Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement

譯者: Chunda Zeng 審譯者: Jenny Yang

I'd like to take you to another world.

我想帶你們到另一個世界.

And I'd like to share

與你們分享

a 45 year-old love story

一位年齡45歲

with the poor,

和每天薪水不到一美元的窮人,

living on less than one dollar a day.

之前的愛情故事.

I went to a very elitist, snobbish,

我所受的教育在印度是非常的

expensive education in India,

優異, 勢力, 昂貴,

and that almost destroyed me.

它幾乎毀了我的人生.

I was all set

我可以選擇

to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --

當一名外交官, 老師, 醫生

all laid out.

這些全都為我準備好了.

Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion

我不需要擔憂, 而我曾是印度國家壁球比賽

for three years.

連續三年的冠軍.

(Laughter)

笑聲

The whole world was laid out for me.

整個世界似乎都是因我而存在.

Everything was at my feet.

一切好像都在我腳下.

I could do nothing wrong.

我不會犯錯.

And then I thought out of curiosity

然後我開始產生好奇

I'd like to go and live and work

我想去村莊工作, 生活

and just see what a village is like.

體驗一下是什麼樣的感覺.

So in 1965,

1965年,

I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,

我來到了印度有史以來最大的比哈爾邦飢荒,

and I saw starvation, death,

我一次見到了

people dying of hunger, for the first time.

因飢餓而死的人.

It changed my life.

我的生活因此而改變.

I came back home,

我回到家後,

told my mother,

告訴了我母親,

"I'd like to live and work in a village."

"我要去鄉下工作, 在那裡生活."

Mother went into a coma.

她聽了後昏了过過去

(Laughter)

笑聲

"What is this?

“你是什麼意思?

The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,

你的人生已經定下來了, 最上層的工作你也可以得到,

and you want to go and work in a village?

你現在告訴我你想到鄉下去工作?

I mean, is there something wrong with you?"

我想知道你是哪根經不對了嗎?"

I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.

我告訴她: ”我沒問題, 我得到了最好的教育.

It made me think.

我的經歷讓我反思.

And I wanted to give something back

我在反思後決定用我的方式

in my own way."

來報答社會."

"What do you want to do in a village?

"你去鄉下要做什麼?

No job, no money,

又沒工作, 又沒錢,

no security, no prospect."

不安全, 沒前景."

I said, "I want to live

我說:"我想在那裡住

and dig wells for five years."

挖五年的井."

"Dig wells for five years?

“挖五年井?

You went to the most expensive school and college in India,

你一直都念的是全印度最貴的學校,

and you want to dig wells for five years?"

現在要用五年時間來挖井?"

She didn't speak to me for a very long time,

後來很長一段時間她沒和我說話,

because she thought I'd let my family down.

因為她覺得我讓家人丟臉了.

But then,

在村裡，

I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills

我見識了窮人

that very poor people have,

最超出尋常的知識和技能，

which are never brought into the mainstream --

這些從來沒有主流媒體上出現過

which is never identified, respected,

因為從來沒有被人注意過和尊重過，

applied on a large scale.

或是大規模的應用過.

And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --

我決定創辦一所赤腳學院

college only for the poor.

一所只有窮人才能念的學院.

What the poor thought was important

貧民們的重要想法

would be reflected in the college.

將在此學院得到反映.

I went to this village for the first time.

我第一次來到了這個鄉村.

Elders came to me

老人們走到我身邊問:"

and said, "Are you running from the police?"

你是通缉犯?"

I said, "No."

我说不是.

(Laughter)

笑声

"You failed in your exam?"

"考試沒過?"

I said, "No."

我说不是.

"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."

没找到政府的工作? 我說不是

"What are you doing here?

那你来这里做什么?

Why are you here?

为什么來这里?

The education system in India

印度的教育系統

makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;

會讓你嚮往巴黎, 新德里, 蘇黎世那種地方;

what are you doing in this village?

你來這個鄉村的目的到底是什麼?

Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"

你是不是有事隱瞞?"

I said, "No, I want to actually start a college

我說:"沒有, 我其實是想創辦一所學院

only for the poor.

只教窮人的學院.

What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."

貧民的想法可以在這個學院中變為現實."

So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.

這些老人給了我很多建議.

They said, "Please,

他們說:"

don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification

請你不要讓有學位和證書的人

into your college."

進你的學校."

So it's the only college in India

這所學家成為印度唯一一間

where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,

不收有博士

you are disqualified to come.

或是碩士學位的人.

You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout

你必須要是一名逃學者, 考試不及格者, 或是輟學者

to come to our college.

才能念這所大學.

You have to work with your hands.

你必須用雙手工作.

You have to have a dignity of labor.

不要因為勞動而有羞恥心.

You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community

還要向社區證明你有他們需要的技能

and provide a service to the community.

並對社區提供服務.

So we started the Barefoot College,

我們開始赤腳學院的時,

and we redefined professionalism.

我們對職業精神重新定義.

Who is a professional?

怎樣才算是一名專家?

A professional is someone

專家是指那些

who has a combination of competence,

不但有能力,

confidence and belief.

還有信心和信仰的人.

A water diviner is a professional.

占卜水源位置的人是專家.

A traditional midwife

傳統助產婆

is a professional.

也是專家.

A traditional bone setter is a professional.

傳統的擺放餐具者也是專家.

These are professionals all over the world.

專家遍佈世界各地.

You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.

任何偏僻的鄉村裡都有他們的身影.

And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream

我認為這些人應該加入主流社會

and show that the knowledge and skills that they have

證明他們的知識和技能

is universal.

是全球通用的.

It needs to be used, needs to be applied,

他們的技術和知識需要被應用,

needs to be shown to the world outside --

需要向外界的社會展示

that these knowledge and skills

這些技能和知識

are relevant even today.

在今天的社會中還可以得到發揮.

So the college works

這所學院的文化

following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.

是追隨聖雄甘地的生活和工作習慣.

You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.

吃飯, 睡覺, 和工作都是在地上.

There are no contracts, no written contracts.

沒有合同書, 從來不簽任何合同.

You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.

你可以在這裡念20年, 或者明天就走.

And no one can get more than $100 a month.

但沒有誰每月薪水可以超過100美金.

You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.

你如果是想掙錢, 那你來錯地方了.

You come for the work and the challenge,

如果你愛工作並且願意接受挑戰,

you'll come to the Barefoot College.

赤腳學院歡迎你來.

That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.

這裡是一個讓你創造和嘗試新想法的地方.

Whatever idea you have, come and try it.

不管是什麼樣的想法, 都可以來嘗試.

It doesn't matter if you fail.

失敗也沒關係.

Battered, bruised, you start again.

因為你可以重來.

It's the only college where the teacher is the learner

這是唯一一所讓老師當學生

and the learner is the teacher.

讓學生當老師的大學.

And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.

同時也是唯一一所不發證書的大學.

You are certified by the community you serve.

你的教育是留給社區來鑒定.

You don't need a paper to hang on the wall

你不需要掛張紙在牆上

to show that you are an engineer.

來證明你是名工程師.

So when I said that,

當村民聽到我這些話時,

they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?

他們說:"你還是用行動來展示你的計畫吧.

This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."

如果你什麼都不做, 這些話一點意義都沒有."

So we built the first Barefoot College

1986年

in 1986.

第一所赤腳學院建成了.

It was built by 12 Barefoot architects

12名建築師

who can't read and write,

沒有一個認識字,

built on $1.50 a sq. ft.

以每平方英尺$1.5的成本修建了這所學院.

150 people lived there, worked there.

150個人在那裡工作和居住.

They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.

2002年時他們榮獲了阿迦汗建築獎.

But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.

但評委有持疑, 他們認為有另外的建築師參與修建.

I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,

我告訴他們:"的確有, 他們只畫設計圖,

but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."

只有赤腳學院的建築師參與了修建."

We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,

我們是唯一將$50000獎金歸還的得獎者,

because they didn't believe us,

因為他們不相信我們

and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions

而且我們覺得他們的懷疑

on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.

是對赤腳學院建築師的一種誹謗.

I asked a forester --

我問一位林務員

high-powered, paper-qualified expert --

一位有權威, 有證書的專家

I said, "What can you build in this place?"

"你可以在這裡修建什麼?"

He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.

他看了看泥土, 說:"算了吧. 不可能.

Not even worth it.

根本不值得.

No water, rocky soil."

沒水, 而且還都是岩石地."

I was in a bit of a spot.

我有點開始擔憂.

And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village

我說:"好吧, 那我找村裡的長老問問."

and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"

讓他告訴我這裡可以種些什麼.

He looked quietly at me and said,

他看了看我說,

"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."

"你只需要建這個, 建這個, 放這個."

This is what it looks like today.

現今的狀況就是這樣.

Went to the roof,

你到屋頂上,

and all the women said, "Clear out.

所有的婦女都會對你說,"出去.

The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.

男士不能上來因為我們不和他們分享這個技術.

This is waterproofing the roof."

這是房頂是防水的."

(Laughter)

笑聲

It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens

建造屋頂的材料有棕櫚糖, 蕁麻

and a bit of other things I don't know.

其它的我不清楚.

But it actually doesn't leak.

但它的確防水.

Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.

1986到現在都沒漏過.

This technology, the women will not share with the men.

這項技術, 婦女不會和男士分享.

(Laughter)

笑聲

It's the only college

這是唯一一所

which is fully solar-electrified.

完全使用太陽能的學校.

All the power comes from the sun.

能源來自太陽.

45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.

45千瓦的房頂板.

And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.

今後的25年有太陽就夠了.

So long as the sun shines,

所以只要有陽光,

we'll have no problem with power.

我們就不怕沒能源.

But the beauty is

但其獨特之處

that is was installed

是它的修建者

by a priest, a Hindu priest,

是一位印度教的牧師,

who's only done eight years of primary schooling --

只有8年的教育

never been to school, never been to college.

從沒上過學, 沒念過大學.

He knows more about solar

我敢保證

than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.

他在太陽能方面的知識是世界第一.

Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,

赤腳學院的食物

is solar cooked.

都是靠太陽能.

But the people who fabricated that solar cooker

而太陽能烹調器具的製造者

are women,

是女性,

illiterate women,

不識字的女性,

who actually fabricate

她們組裝了

the most sophisticated solar cooker.

最先進的太陽能烹調器具.

It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.

它是無需廚師的碗碟狀的器具.

Unfortunately, they're almost half German,

不幸地是, 它們幾乎有一半德國血統,

they're so precise.

所以非常精確.

(Laughter)

笑聲

You'll never find Indian women so precise.

你不可能找到如此精確的印度女性.

Absolutely to the last inch,

而器具的整個製作

they can make that cooker.

都是靠她們.

And we have 60 meals twice a day

我們每日兩餐飯, 一餐60份

of solar cooking.

烹調完全是靠太陽能.

We have a dentist --

學校有一位牙醫

she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.

她是一位阿嬤, 不識字, 但真的是牙醫.

She actually looks after the teeth

她的實際工作是幫7000名兒童

of 7,000 children.

檢查牙齒.

Barefoot technology:

赤腳科技:

this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --

1986的時候, 沒有任何工程師和建築師

but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.

可以想到我們會用房頂來採集雨水.

Very little water is wasted.

只有少量水源流失.

All the roofs are connected underground

房頂是連在地下的

to a 400,000 liter tank,

一個有40萬升容量的水箱,

and no water is wasted.

所以沒有水會浪費.

If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,

即使發生四年的乾旱, 我們學校也不會缺水,

because we collect rainwater.

因我們收藏了雨水.

60 percent of children don't go to school,

60%的小孩不會上學,

because they have to look after animals --

因為要替家裡

sheep, goats --

照顧山羊, 綿羊,

domestic chores.

還有其它的家庭雜務.

So we thought of starting a school

我決定要為這些孩子

at night for the children.

建一間夜校.

Because the night schools of Tilonia,

因為這些當地的夜校,

over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.

超過7萬5千的小孩都得到了上學的機會.

Because it's for the convenience of the child;

因為夜校考慮到孩子們的需求;

it's not for the convenience of the teacher.

而不是老師們的需求.

And what do we teach in these schools?

這些學校教什麼呢?

Democracy, citizenship,

民主, 公民權力,

how you should measure your land,

應該怎麼去測量你的領土,

what you should do if you're arrested,

被捕了應該怎麼辦,

what you should do if your animal is sick.

你的家畜病了怎麼辦.

This is what we teach in the night schools.

我們夜校教得就是這些知識.

But all the schools are solar-lit.

所有的學校還是借助太陽能.

Every five years

每到5年,

we have an election.

我們舉行一次選舉.

Between six to 14 year-old children

在年紀6歲到14歲的兒童

participate in a democratic process,

都可參與這個民主選舉,

and they elect a prime minister.

他們選一個總理.

The prime minister is 12 years old.

現在的總理只有12歲.

She looks after 20 goats in the morning,

她早上照看20隻羊,

but she's prime minister in the evening.

但晚上她的職務是總理.

She has a cabinet,

她有自己的內閣,

a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.

教育部部長, 能源部部長, 衛生部部長.

And they actually monitor and supervise

他們負責監督和管理

150 schools for 7,000 children.

150所學校的7000名學生.

She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,

五年前這位總理拿到了世界兒童獎,

and she went to Sweden.

她去了瑞典領獎.

First time ever going out of her village.

第一次離開她在的村.

Never seen Sweden.

從沒見過瑞典.

Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.

對當時的場面一點都不驚訝.

And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,

瑞典皇后當時也在,

turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?

她問我:"你能不能問問這個孩子她是哪來的自信?

She's only 12 years old,

她才12歲,

and she's not dazzled by anything."

但完全不驚羨."

And the girl, who's on her left,

而這個站在她走邊的小女孩,

turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye

轉向我, 直視皇后,

and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."

她說:"告訴她我是總理."

(Laughter)

笑聲

(Applause)

掌聲

Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,

在文盲率太高的地方

we use puppetry.

我們用木偶戲.

Puppets is the way we communicate.

木偶戲就成了我們的溝通方式.

You have Jokhim Chacha

這個300歲的木偶

who is 300 years old.

叫喬金查查.

He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.

他是我的心裡分析師. 我的老師.

He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.

我的醫生. 我的律師.

He's my donor.

我的捐贈者.

He actually raises money,

他幫助籌款,

solves my disputes.

解決爭執.

He solves my problems in the village.

還幫助解決村裡的問題.

If there's tension in the village,

如果村裡發生一些矛盾,

if attendance at the schools goes down

如果來上課人數越來越少

and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,

如果老師和家長方面有衝突,

the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village

木偶會請老師和家長

and says, "Shake hands.

在全村面前, “握手.

The attendance must not drop."

蹺課人數不能增加."

These puppets

這些木偶

are made out of recycled World Bank reports.

用的是回收的世界銀行的報告紙.

(Laughter)

笑聲

(Applause)

鼓掌

So this decentralized, demystified approach

這個分散的, 簡單的

of solar-electrifying villages,

借助太陽能為村裡提供電力的方法,

we've covered all over India

已經在全印度傳開

from Ladakh up to Bhutan --

從拉達克到不丹

all solar-electrified villages

所有使用太陽能電力的鄉村

by people who have been trained.

都是由受過培訓的人修建.

And we went to Ladakh,

我去了拉達克,

and we asked this woman --

問了一位當地的婦女

this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,

在這裡，零下40度，你只能走到屋頂上

because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --

因為沒有地方, 兩面都被雪給覆蓋了

and we asked this woman,

當我們問她:

"What was the benefit you had

“用太陽能發電

from solar electricity?"

對你有什麼好處?"

And she thought for a minute and said,

她思考了一下回答說:

"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."

"這是我能第一次能在冬天看到我丈夫的面孔."

(Laughter)

笑聲

Went to Afghanistan.

來到阿富汗.

One lesson we learned in India

我們從印度明白了一件事

was men are untrainable.

男人是教不會的.

(Laughter)

笑聲

Men are restless,

他們不願意休息,

men are ambitious,

雄心勃勃,

men are compulsively mobile,

易衝動,

and they all want a certificate.

而且都想要證書.

(Laughter)

笑聲

All across the globe, you have this tendency

在世界各地, 你會發現

of men wanting a certificate.

所有人的男性都想要一張證書.

Why? Because they want to leave the village

為什麼? 因為他們想離開村裡

and go to a city, looking for a job.

到城市去找工作.

So we came up with a great solution:

我們想到了一個好辦法:

train grandmothers.

訓練阿嬤們.

What's the best way of communicating

如今世上

in the world today?

最好的溝通方式是什麼?

Television? No.

電視? 不是.

Telegraph? No.

電信? 不是.

Telephone? No.

電話? 不是.

Tell a woman.

是向女士傾訴.

(Laughter)

笑聲

(Applause)

掌聲

So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,

我們第一次來到阿富汗,

and we picked three women

選了三位女士

and said, "We want to take them to India."

"我們想把她們帶到印度."

They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,

”不可能. 她們連自己的房間都不出,

and you want to take them to India."

怎麼會跟你去印度."

I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."

我說:"我可以做一次妥協. 她們的丈夫可以一起來."

So I took the husbands along.

結果我把丈夫也帶走了.

Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.

當然, 這些女士比男士更有智慧.

In six months,

在6個月之內,

how do we train these women?

我們怎樣才能改變這些女士?

Sign language.

手語.

You don't choose the written word.

不用寫

You don't choose the spoken word.

不用說

You use sign language.

只用比.

And in six months

在6個月後

they can become solar engineers.

她們就成為了太陽能工程師.

They go back and solar-electrify their own village.

回到村裡用太陽能發電.

This woman went back

當這些女士回家後

and solar-electrified the first village,

她們用太陽能為第一所村莊提供電力,

set up a workshop --

開辦講習班

the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan

阿富汗的第一個靠太陽能發電的村莊

[was] by the three women.

就是靠三位女士親手修建的.

This woman

這位女士

is an extraordinary grandmother.

是個不同尋常的阿嬤.

55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.

55歲了, 已為阿富汗的200座房屋提供了太陽能供電.

And they haven't collapsed.

而且沒有一座倒塌.

She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan

這位阿嬤去了阿富汗的工程部演講

and told the head of the department

並告訴系主任

the difference between AC and DC.

交流電和直流電的區別.

He didn't know.

那個部長對此不了解.

Those three women have trained 27 more women

那三位女士培訓了另外的27位女士

and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.

而且為阿富汗的100座村提供了太陽能發電.

We went to Africa,

我們來到非洲,

and we did the same thing.

做了同樣的事.

All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,

這些坐在桌前的婦女來自8－9個國家

all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,

互相交談, 但說得都是不同的語言,

because they're all speaking a different language.

因為聽不懂對方.

But their body language is great.

但她們的肢體語言超讚.

They're speaking to each other

她們互相交談

and actually becoming solar engineers.

對話的過程中已漸漸成為太陽能工程師.

I went to Sierra Leone,

我去了獅子山共和國,

and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --

坐在首相的車裡

comes across this village.

夜晚穿過了這個村.

Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"

回到村裡後, "這裡發生了什麼事?"

They said, "These two grandmothers ... "

他們說:“這兩位阿嬤..."

"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.

"阿嬤?" 首相不敢相信這一切.

"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."

她們去了哪裡? 去了印度後回國"

Went straight to the president.

首相找到總統

He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"

問:"你知不知道我們國家有一個靠太陽能發電的村?"

He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.

總統說:"不知道. ” 內閣一半的成員第二天都去拜訪了這些阿嬤.

"What's the story."

“怎麼辦到的?"

So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"

總統傳喚了我, ”能不能幫我培訓150位阿嬤?"

I said, "I can't, Mr. President.

我說:"總統大人, 我不行.

But they will. The grandmothers will."

但這些阿嬤們做得到.”

So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.

總統為我在獅子山共和國修建了第一所赤腳培訓中心.

And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.

之後有150位阿嬤在獅子山共和國接受訓練.

Gambia:

在甘比亞:

we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.

我們在甘比亞挑選了一位阿嬤.

Went to this village.

去了她在的村.

I knew which woman I would like to take.

我知道哪些女士我應該帶走.

The community got together and said, "Take these two women."

整個村裡的人都說:"把她們二人帶走吧."

I said, "No, I want to take this woman."

我說:"不, 我想帶這位女士."

They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."

他們問:"為甚麼? 你和她無法溝通. 你又不認識她."

I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."

我回答:"我喜歡用比的, 也喜歡她說話的方式."

"Difficult husband; not possible."

“她丈夫很龜毛."

Called the husband, the husband came,

把丈夫叫來了,

swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."

大搖大擺, 像個政客, 手裡拿著手機."

"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."

"為什麼?" "看看我老婆多漂亮."

I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."

我說:"是, 她很漂亮沒錯."

"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"

丈夫說:"如果她跟個印度男人私奔的話怎麼辦?"

That was his biggest fear.

這是他最大的擔憂.

I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."

我說:"她會開心的. 每天都打電話給你."

She went like a grandmother

她離開時像位阿嬤

and came back like a tiger.

回來之後就像隻老虎.

She walked out of the plane

下了飛機

and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.

像位老兵一樣接受記者們的採訪.

She handled the national press,

她成功地應付了整個媒體,

and she was a star.

成為了一位明星.

And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"

我6個月後回到了她的村, "你丈夫不在嗎?"

"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."

她說“應該在某個地方.我懶得管他."

(Laughter)

笑聲

Success story.

典型的成功例子.

(Laughter)

笑聲

(Applause)

鼓掌

I'll just wind up by saying

最後, 我想說

that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.

你不用到外面找解決的方法.

Look for solutions within.

在內部找找看.

And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.

聽聽有解決方法的人的話.

They're all over the world.

他們在世界各地都能找到.

Don't even worry.

不用煩惱.

Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.

不要相信世界銀行, 相信那些普通人.

They have all the solutions in the world.

他們知道怎樣來解決任何問題.

I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.

最後我用聖雄甘地的一句話.

"First they ignore you,

"他們一開始忽視你,

then they laugh at you,

然後嘲笑你,

then they fight you,

然後和你鬥爭,

and then you win."

最後的贏家是你."

Thank you.

謝謝大家

(Applause)

掌聲