Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement

551,200 views ใƒป 2011-10-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yasaf Volinsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I'd like to take you to another world.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ.
00:19
And I'd like to share
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืชื›ื
00:21
a 45 year-old love story
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืŸ 45 ืฉื ื”
00:25
with the poor,
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ืขื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื,
00:28
living on less than one dollar a day.
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ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
00:33
I went to a very elitist, snobbish,
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ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™, ืกื ื•ื‘ื™
00:37
expensive education in India,
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ื•ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
00:41
and that almost destroyed me.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื”ืจืก ืื•ืชื™.
00:46
I was all set
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ
00:48
to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜, ืžื•ืจื” ืื• ืจื•ืคื,
00:51
all laid out.
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ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™.
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืกืงื•ื•ืืฉ
00:58
for three years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:02
The whole world was laid out for me.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืคื ื™.
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ืฉ ืœืจื’ืœื™.
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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ืœื ื™ื›ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื•ืช.
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity
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ื•ืื–, ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืคืจ
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื”.
01:16
So in 1965,
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื ืช 1965
01:18
I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ื”ืจ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืขื‘ ื”ื ื•ืจื
01:22
and I saw starvation, death,
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื, ื’ื•ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืขื‘
01:25
people dying of hunger, for the first time.
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
01:28
It changed my life.
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
01:31
I came back home,
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ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
01:33
told my mother,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืืžื
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ".
01:38
Mother went into a coma.
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ืืžื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ืฅ.
01:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:43
"What is this?
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"ืžื” ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ?
01:45
The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ืš, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช,
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืคืจ?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืืฆืœืš ?"
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” "ืœื, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:54
It made me think.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืจื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”
01:59
in my own way."
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื™."
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"ื•ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ?
02:03
No job, no money,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืกืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
02:05
no security, no prospect."
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“"
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”, "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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ื•ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื."
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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"ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื?
02:14
You went to the most expensive school and college in India,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืœื›ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื?"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš,
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family down.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืื›ื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
02:28
But then,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–,
02:30
I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills
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ื ื—ืฉืคืชื™ ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ
02:33
that very poor people have,
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ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื,
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream --
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ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ --
02:38
which is never identified, respected,
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ื•ืฉืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื–ื•ื”ื•, ื›ื•ื‘ื“ื•
02:40
applied on a large scale.
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ืื• ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:42
And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™ ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ื™ื—ืคื ื™ื -
02:44
college only for the poor.
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ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ื.
02:46
What the poor thought was important
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉืงืฃ ืืช
02:48
would be reflected in the college.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื›ืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
02:54
Elders came to me
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ื–ืงื ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจื•
02:56
and said, "Are you running from the police?"
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"ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”?"
02:58
I said, "No."
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ืืžืจืชื™ "ืœื."
03:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:04
"You failed in your exam?"
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"ื ื›ืฉืœืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช?"
03:06
I said, "No."
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ืืžืจืชื™ "ืœื."
03:08
"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."
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"ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช?" ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœื."
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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"ืžื” ืืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ?
03:13
Why are you here?
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ืœืžื” ืืชื” ื›ืืŸ?
03:15
The education system in India
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช
03:17
makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;
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ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื•ืชืš ืœืฆื™ืจื™ืš, ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ื™ื• ื“ืœื”ื™;
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ?
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"
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ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื•?"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually start a college
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ืืžืจืชื™ " ืœื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
03:28
only for the poor.
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ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ื.
03:30
What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื ื›ื—ืฉื•ื‘."
03:33
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.
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ื–ืงื ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืขืฆื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
03:37
They said, "Please,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• " ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”,
03:39
don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification
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ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช
03:42
into your college."
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ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœืš."
03:44
So it's the only college in India
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื• ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,
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ื‘ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืื• ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™
03:50
you are disqualified to come.
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ืืชื” ืคืกื•ืœ.
03:52
You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื“ืŸ ืื• ื ื•ืฉืจ ืื• ืžื•ืขืฃ
03:57
to come to our college.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื ื•.
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
04:02
You have to have a dignity of labor.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:04
You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”
04:07
and provide a service to the community.
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ื•ืœืกืคืง ืœื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
04:10
So we started the Barefoot College,
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ืื– ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืช ืžื›ืœืœืช ื”ื™ื—ืคื ื™ื,
04:13
and we redefined professionalism.
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ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื•ืช.
04:15
Who is a professional?
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ืžื™ื”ื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขืŸ ?
04:17
A professional is someone
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ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘
04:19
who has a combination of competence,
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ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช, ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
04:21
confidence and belief.
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ื•ืืžื•ื ื”.
04:24
A water diviner is a professional.
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ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื.
04:27
A traditional midwife
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ืžื™ื™ืœื“ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
04:29
is a professional.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ืช.
04:31
A traditional bone setter is a professional.
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ืงื“ืจ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขืŸ.
04:34
These are professionals all over the world.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.
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ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืคืจ ื ื™ื“ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
04:43
and show that the knowledge and skills that they have
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ื•ื™ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
04:46
is universal.
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ื”ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื.
04:48
It needs to be used, needs to be applied,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœื™ื™ืฉื
04:50
needs to be shown to the world outside --
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ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื -
04:52
that these knowledge and skills
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
04:54
are relevant even today.
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ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
04:58
So the college works
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ื•ื›ืš ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
05:00
following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.
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ื‘ืขื•ืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื”ื˜ืžื” ื’ื ื“ื™.
05:04
You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™, ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ - ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”.
05:08
There are no contracts, no written contracts.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื ื• 20 ืฉื ื”, ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ืžื—ืจ.
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืขืœ 100$ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ื›ืกืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืฆืœื ื•.
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืชื’ืจ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
05:21
you'll come to the Barefoot College.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš.
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
05:26
Whatever idea you have, come and try it.
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ื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš, ืืชื” ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื ื›ืฉืœืช.
05:30
Battered, bruised, you start again.
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ื—ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื‘ื•ื˜, ื ืกื” ืฉื ื™ืช.
05:33
It's the only college where the teacher is the learner
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ื–ื• ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“
05:36
and the learner is the teacher.
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ื•ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœืžื“.
05:39
And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืžื ืคื™ืง ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช.
05:42
You are certified by the community you serve.
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ืืชื” ืžื•ืกืžืš ืขืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืืชื” ืžืฉืจืช.
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ
05:47
to show that you are an engineer.
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ืฉืชื’ื™ื“ ืฉืืชื” ืžื”ื ื“ืก.
05:52
So when I said that,
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ื›ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”
05:54
they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืชืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™. ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ?
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ื™ื ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”."
06:01
So we built the first Barefoot College
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ืื– ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื›ืœืœืช ื”ื™ื—ืคื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
06:04
in 1986.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1986.
06:07
It was built by 12 Barefoot architects
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ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ 12 ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืคื ื™ื
06:09
who can't read and write,
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ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘,
06:11
built on $1.50 a sq. ft.
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ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 1.5$ ืœืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข,
06:14
150 people lived there, worked there.
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150 ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื.
06:18
They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.
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ื”ื ื–ื›ื• ืคืจืก "ืื’ื ืงืืŸ" ืœืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘-2002.
06:21
But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื ื—ืฉื“ื• ื‘ื ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื "ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืฉืจื˜ื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช,
06:26
but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”."
06:31
We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคืจืก ืขืœ ืกืš 50,000$,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืœื ื•,
06:36
and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions
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ื•ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืคื™
06:40
on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
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ื‘ืื“ืจื›ื™ืจืœื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื” (ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื).
06:43
I asked a forester --
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ื™ืขืจืŸ -
06:45
high-powered, paper-qualified expert --
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ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืžื•ืกืžืš ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ื” ื™ืคื” -
06:48
I said, "What can you build in this place?"
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"ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื–ื” ?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ืืžืจ "ืชืฉื›ื— ืžื–ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™.
06:53
Not even worth it.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืฉืชืœื ืœื ืกื•ืช.
06:55
No water, rocky soil."
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจืงืข ื˜ืจืฉื™ืช."
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืชืงืข ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื”.
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืืœืš ืœื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื›ืคืจ
07:01
and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"
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ื•ืืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• 'ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ื›ืืŸ?'"
07:04
He looked quietly at me and said,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืืžืจ,
07:06
"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."
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"ืชื‘ื ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื–ื”, ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“."
07:08
This is what it looks like today.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:12
Went to the roof,
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ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืœื’ื’,
07:14
and all the women said, "Clear out.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขืงื• ืขืœื™ "ืชืกืชืœืง.
07:16
The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.
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ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
07:19
This is waterproofing the roof."
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ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ื’ื•ืช."
07:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืœืกื”, ืžืขื˜ ืฉืชืŸ
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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ื•ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื.
07:28
But it actually doesn't leak.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื•ืœืฃ.
07:30
Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.
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ืžืื– 1986, ื”ื’ื’ ืœื ื“ืœืฃ.
07:33
This technology, the women will not share with the men.
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ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:39
It's the only college
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื›ืœืœืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
07:41
which is fully solar-electrified.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช.
07:45
All the power comes from the sun.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ.
07:47
45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.
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ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ 45 ืงื™ืœื•ื•ืื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’.
07:49
And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”-25 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
07:51
So long as the sun shines,
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืชื–ืจื— ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
07:53
we'll have no problem with power.
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ืœื ื™ื—ืกืจ ืœื ื• ื—ืฉืžืœ.
07:55
But the beauty is
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื•ื
07:57
that is was installed
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืชืงืŸ
08:00
by a priest, a Hindu priest,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ืกื˜ื™,
08:03
who's only done eight years of primary schooling --
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ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจืง 8 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ -
08:06
never been to school, never been to college.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื• ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
08:09
He knows more about solar
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช
08:11
than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช.
08:17
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ืื ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื ื•,
08:19
is solar cooked.
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ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช.
08:22
But the people who fabricated that solar cooker
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื•ืช
08:25
are women,
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ื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ืฉื™ื,
08:28
illiterate women,
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ื ืฉื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื”,
08:30
who actually fabricate
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช
08:32
the most sophisticated solar cooker.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:34
It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช, ืคืจืื‘ื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืฉืฃ.
08:40
Unfortunately, they're almost half German,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืฆื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื•ืช,
08:44
they're so precise.
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช.
08:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:48
You'll never find Indian women so precise.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืžืฆื ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช.
08:52
Absolutely to the last inch,
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ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice a day
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 60 ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื
08:58
of solar cooking.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™.
09:00
We have a dentist --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจื•ืคืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื -
09:02
she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.
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ืกื‘ืชื, ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืคืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
09:05
She actually looks after the teeth
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
09:07
of 7,000 children.
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ืฉืœ 7,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
09:11
Barefoot technology:
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื—ืคื”:
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘-1986 - ื•ืืฃ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื• ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” -
09:16
but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืกืคื ื• ืžื™ ื’ืฉื ืžื”ื’ื’ื•ืช.
09:19
Very little water is wasted.
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“.
09:21
All the roofs are connected underground
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ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจื• ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ืช
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank,
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ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ 400,000 ืœื™ื˜ืจ,
09:25
and no water is wasted.
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ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–ื•.
09:27
If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก,
09:30
because we collect rainwater.
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉื.
09:32
60 percent of children don't go to school,
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60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ,
09:35
because they have to look after animals --
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื -
09:37
sheep, goats --
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ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืขื™ื–ื™ื -
09:39
domestic chores.
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ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช.
09:41
So we thought of starting a school
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
09:44
at night for the children.
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
09:46
Because the night schools of Tilonia,
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื”,
09:48
over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.
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ืžืขืœ 75,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“.
09:51
Because it's for the convenience of the child;
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“;
09:53
it's not for the convenience of the teacher.
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ื•ืœื ืœื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื”.
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools?
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืืœื• ?
09:57
Democracy, citizenship,
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ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช,
09:59
how you should measure your land,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื“ืžื•ืช,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested,
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ืžื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื ืขืฆืจืช,
10:04
what you should do if your animal is sick.
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ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื—ื•ืœื”.
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื.
10:10
But all the schools are solar-lit.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืืจื™ื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช.
10:13
Every five years
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ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
10:15
we have an election.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
10:17
Between six to 14 year-old children
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืฉ ืขื“ 14
10:21
participate in a democratic process,
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ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
10:24
and they elect a prime minister.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”.
10:28
The prime minister is 12 years old.
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ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 12.
10:32
She looks after 20 goats in the morning,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘-20 ืขื™ื–ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
10:34
but she's prime minister in the evening.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขืจื‘.
10:37
She has a cabinet,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜,
10:39
a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.
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ืฉืจ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืฉืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
10:42
And they actually monitor and supervise
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ื•ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ
10:44
150 schools for 7,000 children.
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150 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื 7,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
10:49
She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,
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ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
10:51
and she went to Sweden.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืกืขื” ืœืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”.
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ.
10:55
Never seen Sweden.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืืชื” ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”.
10:58
Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ื ื•ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช.
11:00
And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,
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ื•ืžืœื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”, ืฉื ื›ื—ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข,
11:02
turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?
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ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจื”, "ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”?
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืช 12,
11:07
and she's not dazzled by anything."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื ื•ื•ืจืช ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ."
11:10
And the girl, who's on her left,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื”, ืœืฉืžืืœื”,
11:13
turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye
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ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืœื›ื” ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
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ื•ืืžืจื”, "ืชื’ื™ื“ ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”."
11:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:29
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืื ืืœืคื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
11:33
we use puppetry.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืคืขื™ ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
11:36
Puppets is the way we communicate.
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ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื.
11:45
You have Jokhim Chacha
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื™ืื•ืงื™ื ืฆ'ื”ืฆ'ื”
11:48
who is 300 years old.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 300.
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉืœื™. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™.
11:55
He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื™. ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
11:57
He's my donor.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื ืฉืœื™.
11:59
He actually raises money,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ื›ืกืคื™ื,
12:01
solves my disputes.
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ืคื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื.
12:04
He solves my problems in the village.
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
12:07
If there's tension in the village,
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ืื ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืชื— ื‘ื›ืคืจ,
12:09
if attendance at the schools goes down
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ืื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช
12:11
and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื•ืจื”,
12:13
the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village
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ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืงื•ืจืืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืชืœื—ืฆื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
12:18
The attendance must not drop."
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ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืชืจื“."
12:22
These puppets
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ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
12:24
are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
12:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:28
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:35
So this decentralized, demystified approach
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ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื•
12:39
of solar-electrifying villages,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจื™ื ืขื ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช,
12:41
we've covered all over India
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ื›ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•
12:43
from Ladakh up to Bhutan --
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ืžืœื“ืืง ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื”ื•ื˜ืŸ -
12:48
all solar-electrified villages
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช
12:50
by people who have been trained.
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœื›ืš.
12:54
And we went to Ladakh,
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ื•ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืœื“ืืง,
12:56
and we asked this woman --
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ื•ืฉืืœื ื• ืฉื ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื -
12:58
this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,
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ื‘ืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืก 40 ืžืขืœื•ืช, ื›ืฉืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื’ื’,
13:01
because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื’ -
13:04
and we asked this woman,
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ื•ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”
13:06
"What was the benefit you had
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"ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
13:08
from solar electricity?"
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute and said,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืจื’ืข ื•ืืžืจื”,
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
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ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ."
13:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:19
Went to Afghanistan.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
13:21
One lesson we learned in India
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
13:26
was men are untrainable.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืžืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
13:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:34
Men are restless,
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื”,
13:36
men are ambitious,
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ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช,
13:38
men are compulsively mobile,
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ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืชืžื“ืช,
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช.
13:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:45
All across the globe, you have this tendency
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช
13:48
of men wanting a certificate.
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ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ื”.
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave the village
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ืœืžื”? ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job.
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ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœืขื™ืจ, ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
13:56
So we came up with a great solution:
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ืื– ืžืฆืื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจ:
13:59
train grandmothers.
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ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืชื•ืช.
14:03
What's the best way of communicating
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ืžื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืชืงืฉืจ
14:05
in the world today?
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื?
14:07
Television? No.
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ื˜ืœื‘ื™ื–ื™ื”? ืœื.
14:09
Telegraph? No.
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ื˜ืœื’ืจืฃ? ืœื.
14:11
Telephone? No.
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ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ? ืœื.
14:13
Tell a woman.
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ืชืกืคืจ ืœืื™ืฉื”.
14:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
14:24
and we picked three women
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ื•ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India."
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ื•ืืžืจื ื• "ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•."
14:28
They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™. ื”ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
14:30
and you want to take them to India."
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•."
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."
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ืืžืจืชื™ "ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ. ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื."
14:34
So I took the husbands along.
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ืื– ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื.
14:36
Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
14:39
In six months,
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•
14:41
how do we train these women?
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื?
14:44
Sign language.
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ืฉืคืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื.
14:46
You don't choose the written word.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช.
14:49
You don't choose the spoken word.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช.
14:51
You use sign language.
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ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืคืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื.
14:54
And in six months
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ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
14:56
they can become solar engineers.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื•ืช ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื•ืช.
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื›ืคืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™.
15:03
This woman went back
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ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื—ื–ืจื”
15:05
and solar-electrified the first village,
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ื•ืกื™ืคืงื” ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ืœื›ืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
15:08
set up a workshop --
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ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืกื“ื ื -
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan
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ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ
15:13
[was] by the three women.
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[ื”ื™ื”] ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
15:16
This woman
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ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•
15:18
is an extraordinary grandmother.
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ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ืชื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 55, ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืื’ื” ืœืืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœ-200 ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
15:25
And they haven't collapsed.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•.
15:28
She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan
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ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžืจืืฉื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ
15:31
and told the head of the department
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ื•ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื”
15:33
the difference between AC and DC.
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจื ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื–ืจื ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ.
15:35
He didn't know.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข.
15:37
Those three women have trained 27 more women
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• 27 ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
15:40
and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
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ื•ื“ืื’ื• ืœื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืขื•ื“ 100 ื›ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
15:43
We went to Africa,
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”,
15:46
and we did the same thing.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืฉื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
15:48
All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื• ืชืฉืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
15:51
all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,
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ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื”,
15:54
because they're all speaking a different language.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
15:56
But their body language is great.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจืช.
15:58
They're speaking to each other
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ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
16:00
and actually becoming solar engineers.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื•ืช ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื•ืช.
16:02
I went to Sierra Leone,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ,
16:05
and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื”ื’ ื‘ื—ืฉื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” -
16:08
comes across this village.
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ื•ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"
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ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืคืจ ื•ืฉืืœ " ืžื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื”?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers ... "
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•ืช..."
16:15
"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.
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"ืกื‘ืชื•ืช?" ื”ืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืžืข ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•.
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."
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,ืื™ืคื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•?" "ื”ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื—ื–ืจื•."
16:21
Went straight to the president.
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ื”ื• ื”ืœืš ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื.
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"
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ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืคืจ ืขื ื—ืฉืžืœ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ?"
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื” "ืœื." ืœืžื—ืจืช ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื ืกืขื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืชื•ืช.
16:28
"What's the story."
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"ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ."
16:30
So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืฉืืœ "ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ 150 ืกื‘ืชื•ืช?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr. President.
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ืขื ื™ืชื™ "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers will."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช. ื”ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช."
16:38
So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืœื™ ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ.
16:41
And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
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ื•-150 ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ.
16:45
Gambia:
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ื’ืžื‘ื™ื”:
16:47
we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื’ืžื‘ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื‘ืชื.
16:50
Went to this village.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื›ืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.
16:52
I knew which woman I would like to take.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ื–ื• ืกื‘ืชื ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื™.
16:54
The community got together and said, "Take these two women."
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื•ืืžืจื” ืœื™ "ืงื— ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•."
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman."
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ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื "ืœื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื”ื™ื."
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืœืžื”? ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคื”. ืืชื” ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”."
17:01
I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."
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ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื "ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช."
17:04
"Difficult husband; not possible."
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ืขืœ ืงืฉื”, ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™."
17:06
Called the husband, the husband came,
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ืงืจืื ื• ืœื‘ืขืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื,
17:08
swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."
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ืžื”ื“ืก, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ืขื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™ ื‘ื™ื“. "ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™."
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."
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"ืœืžื” ืœื?" "ื”ืืฉื”, ืชืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืคื”."
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• "ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืคื”."
17:16
"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"
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"ื•ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืจื— ืขื ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™?"
17:18
That was his biggest fear.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื•.
17:20
I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• "ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช. ื”ื™ื ืชืชืงืฉืจ ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœืš."
17:23
She went like a grandmother
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื‘ืชื
17:26
and came back like a tiger.
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ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ื›ื ืžืจื”.
17:28
She walked out of the plane
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื“ื” ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืก
17:30
and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.
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ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”.
17:33
She handled the national press,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
17:36
and she was a star.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช.
17:38
And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"
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ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืฉื ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” "ืื™ืคื” ื‘ืขืœืš?"
17:41
"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."
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"ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืคื” ื•ืฉื, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื ื”."
17:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:45
Success story.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
17:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.
18:02
Look for solutions within.
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ื—ืคืฉื• ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.
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ื•ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื.
18:07
They're all over the world.
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ื”ื ื‘ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
18:09
Don't even worry.
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ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื•.
18:11
Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.
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ืืœ ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
18:14
They have all the solutions in the world.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื.
18:17
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.
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ื•ืืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื”ืื˜ืžื” ื’ื ื“ื™.
18:20
"First they ignore you,
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"ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžืš,
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ืš,
18:24
then they fight you,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื ื—ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืš,
18:26
and then you win."
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžื ืฆื—."
18:28
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
18:30
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7