Sugata Mitra: Build a School in the Cloud

710,965 views ใƒป 2013-02-27

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Thabit Hamror ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
00:16
What is going to be the future of learning?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŸ
00:21
I do have a plan,
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠ ุฎุทุฉ
00:24
but in order for me to tell you what that plan is,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ุงุทุฑุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทุฉ
00:27
I need to tell you a little story,
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ุนู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงุญูƒูŠ ู„ูƒู… ู‚ุตุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ
00:30
which kind of sets the stage.
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ู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ.
00:33
I tried to look at
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุงู„ุจุญุซ
00:34
where did the kind of learning we do in schools,
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ุนู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ
00:38
where did it come from?
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ู†ุชู„ู‚ุงู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุงุชู‰
00:40
And you can look far back into the past,
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ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ
00:43
but if you look at present-day schooling the way it is,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุงุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ููŠ ูŠูˆู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
00:46
it's quite easy to figure out where it came from.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ู…ู† ุงูŠู† ุงุชุช ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ.
00:50
It came from about 300 years ago,
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ุฃุชุช ู…ู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 300 ุนุงู… ู…ุถู‰
00:54
and it came from the last
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุขุฎุฑ
00:56
and the biggest of the empires on this planet. ["The British Empire"]
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ุงู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ (ุงู„ุงู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ)
00:59
Imagine trying to run the show,
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ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุจุฑ
01:02
trying to run the entire planet,
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ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุงู‹ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
01:04
without computers, without telephones,
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ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ุงูˆ ู‡ูˆุงุชูุŒ
01:08
with data handwritten on pieces of paper,
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ุจู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ูŠุฏูˆูŠุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฑู‚ุŒ
01:12
and traveling by ships.
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ู…ุณุงูุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูู†.
01:15
But the Victorians actually did it.
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ยซุงู„ููƒุชูˆุฑูŠูˆู†ยป ู†ุฌุญูˆุง ููŠ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ.
01:18
What they did was amazing.
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ูˆ ู…ุง ูุนู„ูˆู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุงู‹.
01:21
They created a global computer
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตู†ุนูˆุง ุญุงุณูˆุจ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ
01:24
made up of people.
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ู…ุตู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุจุดุฑ.
01:27
It's still with us today.
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ูˆ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
01:29
It's called the bureaucratic administrative machine.
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ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุขู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฏุงุฑูŠุฉ.
01:35
In order to have that machine running,
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ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู„ุฉุŒ
01:38
you need lots and lots of people.
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ุณุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ.
01:41
They made another machine to produce those people:
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตู†ุนูˆุง ุขู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุจุดุฑ:
01:46
the school.
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ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
01:49
The schools would produce the people
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ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุจุดุฑุงู‹
01:51
who would then become parts of the
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ู„ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู†
01:55
bureaucratic administrative machine.
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ุงู„ุขู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑูŠุฉ.
01:59
They must be identical to each other.
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ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุฏ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ูŠู†.
02:03
They must know three things:
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ูˆ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุซู„ุงุซ ุงุดูŠุงุก:
02:05
They must have good handwriting, because the data is handwritten;
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฎุท ูŠุฏูˆูŠ ุฌูŠุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ูŠุฏูˆูŠุงู‹ุŒ
02:08
they must be able to read;
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ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉุŒ
02:10
and they must be able to do multiplication,
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ูˆ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ
02:13
division, addition and subtraction in their head.
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ูƒุงู„ุถุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุทุฑุญ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ุนู‚ู„
02:16
They must be so identical that you could pick one up from New Zealand
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ู„ุง ุจุฏ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ูŠู† ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ ูุฑุฏุงู‹
02:20
and ship them to Canada
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ู…ู† ู†ูŠูˆุฒูŠู„ู†ุฏุง ูˆ ุดุญู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ูƒู†ุฏุง
02:22
and he would be instantly functional.
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ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุนุงู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆ ููˆุฑุงู‹.
02:26
The Victorians were great engineers.
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ููƒุชูˆุฑูŠูŠู† ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุจุงุฑุนูŠู†.
02:29
They engineered a system that was so robust
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‡ู†ุฏุณูˆุง ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุชูŠู† ุฌุฏุงู‹
02:33
that it's still with us today,
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ูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูˆู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
02:35
continuously producing identical people
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ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุงู‹ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุจุดุฑ ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ูˆู†
02:39
for a machine that no longer exists.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุขู„ุฉ ู„ู… ุชุนุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ.
02:44
The empire is gone,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฐู‡ุจุช ุงู„ุงู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ
02:47
so what are we doing with that design
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ูู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุญู† ุจูุงุนู„ูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
02:50
that produces these identical people,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุจุดุฑุงู‹ ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ูˆู†ุŒ
02:52
and what are we going to do next
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ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ุณู†ูุนู„ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
02:55
if we ever are going to do anything else with it?
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ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู„ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ุจุฃูŠ ุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŸ
02:59
["Schools as we know them are obsolete"]
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ููƒู…ุง ู†ุนุฑูุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุจุงู„ูŠุฉ.
03:01
So that's a pretty strong comment there.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
03:03
I said schools as we know them now, they're obsolete.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ูƒู…ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุจุงู„ูŠุฉ.
03:06
I'm not saying they're broken.
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ูˆ ู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุนุงุทู„ุฉ.
03:08
It's quite fashionable to say that the education system's broken.
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ูู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุงูŠ ุงู† ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู…ุนุทู„.
03:11
It's not broken. It's wonderfully constructed.
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ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู„ู… ูŠุชุนุทู„. ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ.
03:15
It's just that we don't need it anymore. It's outdated.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ู… ู†ุนุฏ ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡. ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ู…ุฏุชู‡.
03:21
What are the kind of jobs that we have today?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŸ
03:23
Well, the clerks are the computers.
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ุงู„ู…ุญุฑุฑูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ.
03:25
They're there in thousands in every office.
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุขู„ุงู ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุชุจ.
03:28
And you have people who guide those computers
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ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ุงุณ ูŠู‚ูˆุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ
03:31
to do their clerical jobs.
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ู„ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจูŠ.
03:34
Those people don't need to be able to write beautifully by hand.
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ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู† ูŠูƒุชุจูˆุง ุจุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุงูŠุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ.
03:37
They don't need to be able to multiply numbers in their heads.
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ู„ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุจุนู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู….
03:40
They do need to be able to read.
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ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ.
03:42
In fact, they need to be able to read discerningly.
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ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุจุฅุญุณุงุณ ูˆ ุงู…ุนุงู†.
03:46
Well, that's today, but we don't even know
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุจุนุฏ
03:50
what the jobs of the future are going to look like.
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ูƒูŠู ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
03:52
We know that people will work from wherever they want,
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ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุณูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู†
03:55
whenever they want, in whatever way they want.
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ููŠ ุงูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ูˆ ููŠ ุงูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุดุงุกูˆุง.
03:58
How is present-day schooling going to prepare them
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ูƒูŠู ุชุฌู‡ุฒู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ููŠ ูŠูˆู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
04:02
for that world?
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
04:05
Well, I bumped into this whole thing completely by accident.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุตุชุฏู…ุช ุงู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ุตุฏูุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุงู‹.
04:10
I used to teach people how to write computer programs
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ูƒู†ุช ุงุนู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ
04:12
in New Delhi, 14 years ago.
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ู‚ุจู„ 14 ุนุงู…ุง ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆ ุฏู„ู‡ูŠ.
04:15
And right next to where I used to work, there was a slum.
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ู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ.
04:19
And I used to think, how on Earth are those kids
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ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุงุชุณุงุกู„ุŒ ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ูƒูŠู ุณูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
04:21
ever going to learn to write computer programs?
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ุชุนู„ู… ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจุŸ
04:24
Or should they not?
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ุงู… ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
04:27
At the same time, we also had lots of parents,
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ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุขุจุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู†ุŒ
04:29
rich people, who had computers,
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ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุกุŒ ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจุŒ
04:32
and who used to tell me, "You know, my son,
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ู„ูŠ "ู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงุจู†ูŠ
04:35
I think he's gifted,
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ุฃุธู†ู‡ ู…ูˆู‡ูˆุจ
04:37
because he does wonderful things with computers.
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ูู‡ูˆ ูŠูุนู„ ุงุดูŠุงุก ุฑู‡ูŠุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ.
04:40
And my daughter -- oh, surely she is extra-intelligent."
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ูˆ ุงุจู†ุชูŠุŒ ุงู‡ุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฐูƒุงุก ุนุงู„ูŠ".. ูˆ ุงู„ุฎ.
04:44
And so on. So I suddenly figured that,
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ูˆ ูุฌุงุกุฉูŽ ุชุฏุงุฑูƒุช
04:46
how come all the rich people are having
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก
04:48
these extraordinarily gifted children?
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ูู‚ุท ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุงุบู†ูŠุงุกุŸ
04:50
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:52
What did the poor do wrong?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุกุŸ
04:55
I made a hole in the boundary wall
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ุตู†ุนุช ูุชุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ุญูˆู„
04:58
of the slum next to my office,
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุชุจูŠุŒ
05:00
and stuck a computer inside it just to see what would happen
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ูˆ ูˆุถุนุช ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุญุงุณูˆุจ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูู‚ุท ู„ุฃุฑู‰ ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ
05:03
if I gave a computer to children who never would have one,
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ุงุฐุง ุงุนุทูŠุชู‡ ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ู… ูŠุฑูˆ ุญุงุณูˆุจุงู‹ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ
05:05
didn't know any English, didn't know what the Internet was.
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ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
05:09
The children came running in.
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ุชุณุงุฑุน ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ูŠู‡
05:10
It was three feet off the ground, and they said, "What is this?"
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ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู„ูˆ 3 ุงู‚ุฏุงู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ูˆ ุณุฃู„ูˆุง "ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุงุŸ"
05:12
And I said, "Yeah, it's, I don't know."
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ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช "ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุง ุงุฏุฑูŠ"
05:15
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:17
They said, "Why have you put it there?"
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ุณุฃู„ูˆุง "ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูˆุถุนุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ"
05:20
I said, "Just like that."
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ู‚ู„ุช "ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‚ุท".
05:21
And they said, "Can we touch it?"I said, "If you wish to."
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ูˆ ุณุฃู„ูˆุง "ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ู„ู…ุณู‡ุŸ" ุงุฌุจุช "ุงุฐุง ุงุฑุฏุชู… ุฐู„ูƒ"
05:24
And I went away.
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ูˆ ุฐู‡ุจุช ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹.
05:26
About eight hours later,
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ุจุนุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 8 ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ
05:28
we found them browsing and teaching each other how to browse.
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ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠุชุตูุญูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ูˆ ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ูŠุชุตูุญูˆู†.
05:31
So I said, "Well that's impossible, because --
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ูู‚ู„ุช "ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡...
05:34
How is it possible? They don't know anything."
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ูู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุดูŠุฆุง"
05:37
My colleagues said, "No, it's a simple solution.
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ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠ " ุงู„ุญู„ ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุงู‹
05:40
One of your students must have been passing by,
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุฑู‘ ุฃุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชูƒ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
05:43
showed them how to use the mouse."
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ูˆ ุนู„ู‘ู…ู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุงู„ูุฃุฑุฉ"
05:45
So I said, "Yeah, that's possible."
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ูู‚ู„ุช "ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ูˆุงุฑุฏ"
05:46
So I repeated the experiment. I went 300 miles out of Delhi
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ูู‚ู…ุช ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ. ุณุงูุฑุช 300 ู…ูŠู„ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู†ูŠูˆ ุฏู„ู‡ูŠ
05:49
into a really remote village
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ุงู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ
05:51
where the chances of a passing software development engineer
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุญุงุณูˆุจ
05:55
was very little. (Laughter)
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ุถุฆูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹. (ุถุญูƒ)
06:00
I repeated the experiment there.
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ุฃุนุฏุช ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
06:02
There was no place to stay, so I stuck my computer in,
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃุณุชู‚ุฑ ุจู‡ุŒ ููˆุถุนุช ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ
06:05
I went away, came back after a couple of months,
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ุซู… ุฐู‡ุจุช ูˆ ุนุฏุช ุจุนุฏ ุจุถุนุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑุŒ
06:07
found kids playing games on it.
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ูˆุฌุฏุช ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡
06:08
When they saw me, they said,
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ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฑุฃูˆู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠุŒ
06:09
"We want a faster processor and a better mouse."
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"ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌ ุงุณุฑุน ูˆ ูุฃุฑุฉ ุงูุถู„"
06:12
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:16
So I said, "How on Earth do you know all this?"
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ูุณุฃู„ุช "ูƒูŠู ู„ูƒู… ุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ"
06:20
And they said something very interesting to me.
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ูู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู…
06:22
In an irritated voice, they said,
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ุจุตูˆุช ููŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒุนุงุฌ
06:24
"You've given us a machine that works only in English,
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"ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุนุทูŠุชู†ุง ุขู„ุฉ ู„ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุง ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
06:26
so we had to teach ourselves English in order to use it." (Laughter)
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ูุฅุถุทุฑุฑู†ุง ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู†ูุณู†ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง" (ุถุญูƒ)
06:32
That's the first time, as a teacher,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุนู„ู…ุŒ
06:34
that I had heard the word "teach ourselves" said so casually.
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ุงุณู…ุน ููŠู‡ุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ "ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู†ูุณู†ุง" ูŠู‚ุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุนุชูŠุงุฏูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
06:39
Here's a short glimpse from those years.
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ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุญุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ
06:43
That's the first day at the Hole in the Wall.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆู„ ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท
06:46
On your right is an eight-year-old.
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ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุทูู„ ุฐูˆ 8 ุงุนูˆุงู…
06:48
To his left is his student. She's six.
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ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุณุงุฑู‡ ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐุชู‡ุŒ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู€ 6 ุงุนูˆุงู….
06:54
And he's teaching her how to browse.
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุชุชุตูุญ.
06:57
Then onto other parts of the country,
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ุงู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ
07:01
I repeated this over and over again,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุฑุฑุช ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู…ุฑุงุฑุงู‹ ูˆ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑุงู‹
07:03
getting exactly the same results that we were.
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ุญุงุตู„ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
07:06
["Hole in the wall film - 1999"]
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(ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท - 1999)
07:10
An eight-year-old telling his elder sister what to do.
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ุทูู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู†ุฉ ูŠุนู„ู‘ู… ุงุฎุชู‡ ุงู„ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„
07:19
And finally a girl explaining in Marathi what it is,
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ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุทูู„ุฉ ุชุดุฑุญ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง
07:25
and said, "There's a processor inside."
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ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ "ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„"
07:29
So I started publishing.
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ูุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุงู„ู†ุดุฑ.
07:32
I published everywhere. I wrote down and measured everything,
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ู†ุดุฑุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูƒุชุจุช ูˆ ู‚ู…ุช ุจู‚ูŠุงุณ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
07:34
and I said, in nine months, a group of children
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ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู†ู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ 9 ุงุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุงุฐุง ุชุฑูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
07:36
left alone with a computer in any language
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ูˆุญุฏู‡ู… ู…ุน ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุญุงุณูˆุจุŒ ุจุฃูŠ ู„ุบุฉ
07:39
will reach the same standard as an office secretary in the West.
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ุณูŠุตู„ูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ุณูƒุฑุชูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ
07:43
I'd seen it happen over and over and over again.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุช ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ.
07:48
But I was curious to know, what else would they do
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ ูุถูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูุนู„ูˆุง ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ
07:51
if they could do this much?
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ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
07:53
I started experimenting with other subjects,
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ูุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
07:56
among them, for example, pronunciation.
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ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุซุงู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู†ุทู‚.
07:59
There's one community of children in southern India
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
08:01
whose English pronunciation is really bad,
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ู†ุทู‚ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุณูŠุก ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
08:04
and they needed good pronunciation because that would improve their jobs.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุญุณู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ู….
08:07
I gave them a speech-to-text engine in a computer,
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ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ู… ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู‰ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
08:12
and I said, "Keep talking into it until it types what you say."
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ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช "ู„ุง ุชุชูˆู‚ููˆุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูƒุชุจ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†"
08:15
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
08:19
They did that, and watch a little bit of this.
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ู„ูุฏ ูุนู„ูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ. ุดุงู‡ุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง.
08:25
Computer: Nice to meet you.Child: Nice to meet you.
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ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ: ุณุนุฏุช ุจู„ู‚ุงุฆูƒ. ุงู„ุทูู„: ุณุนุฏุช ุจู„ู‚ุงุฆูƒ.
08:30
Sugata Mitra: The reason I ended with the face
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠุช ุงู„ู„ู‚ุทุฉ ุจูˆุฌู‡
08:32
of this young lady over there is because I suspect many of you know her.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุงุธู† ุงู† ู…ุนุธู…ูƒู… ูŠุนุฑูู‡ุง.
08:36
She has now joined a call center in Hyderabad
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุถู…ุช ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุจุญูŠุฏุฑุงุจุงุฏ
08:40
and may have tortured you about your credit card bills
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ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุถุงูŠู‚ุชูƒู… ุจุฎุตูˆุต ููˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุจุทุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฆุชู…ุงู†
08:44
in a very clear English accent.
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ุจู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ.
08:49
So then people said, well, how far will it go?
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠู† ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงูุŸ
08:54
Where does it stop?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŸ
08:55
I decided I would destroy my own argument
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ูู‚ุฑุฑุช ู‡ุฏู… ููƒุฑุชูŠ ุดุฎุตูŠุงู‹
08:59
by creating an absurd proposition.
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ุจุทุฑุญ ุนุฑุถ ู…ุจุงู„ุบุงู‹ ููŠู‡
09:01
I made a hypothesis, a ridiculous hypothesis.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุถุนุช ุงุทุฑูˆุญุฉุŒ ุงุทุฑูˆุญุฉ ุณุฎูŠูุฉ.
09:05
Tamil is a south Indian language, and I said,
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ุงู„ุชุงู…ูู„ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ูู‚ู„ุชุŒ
09:07
can Tamil-speaking children in a south Indian village
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู† ุจุงู„ุชุงู…ูู„ ููŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
09:09
learn the biotechnology of DNA replication in English
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ุชุนู„ู… ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู†ุณุฎ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
09:13
from a streetside computer?
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ู…ู† ุญุงุณูˆุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุนุŸ
09:15
And I said, I'll measure them. They'll get a zero.
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ูู‚ู„ุช ุงู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃู‚ูŠุณ ู…ุณุชูˆุงู‡ู…. ูˆ ุณูŠุญุตู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุฑ.
09:17
I'll spend a couple of months, I'll leave it for a couple of months,
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ุณุฃู‚ุถูŠ ู…ุนู‡ู… ุจุถุน ุงุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุซู… ุงุฐู‡ุจ ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ
09:20
I'll go back, they'll get another zero.
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ุซู… ุงุนูˆุฏุŒ ููŠุญุตู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุฑ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงู‹ุŒ
09:23
I'll go back to the lab and say, we need teachers.
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ุณุฃุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ูˆ ุงุทู„ุจ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงุณุงุชุฐุฉ.
09:27
I found a village. It was called Kallikuppam in southern India.
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ูˆุฌุฏุช ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ. ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณู…ู‰ ูƒุงู„ููƒูˆุจู… ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
09:31
I put in Hole in the Wall computers there,
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ูˆุถุนุช ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ูุชุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
09:34
downloaded all kinds of stuff from the Internet about DNA replication,
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ุญู…ู‘ู„ุช ูƒู„ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ู†ุณุฎ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ
09:37
most of which I didn't understand.
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ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู†ุง ุดุฎุตูŠุงู‹ ู„ุง ุงูู‡ู…ู‡ุง.
09:41
The children came rushing, said, "What's all this?"
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ุฃุชู‰ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ู…ุณุฑุนูˆู† "ู…ุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ" ุณุฃู„ูˆุง
09:44
So I said, "It's very topical, very important. But it's all in English."
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ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ู… "ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ ู…ู‡ู… ูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ"
09:49
So they said, "How can we understand such big English words
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ูู‚ุงู„ูˆุง "ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ
09:52
and diagrams and chemistry?"
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ูˆ ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุช ุจูŠุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุŸ"
09:54
So by now, I had developed a new pedagogical method,
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ุญุชู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุทูˆุฑุช ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุฑุจูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
09:57
so I applied that. I said, "I haven't the foggiest idea."
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ูุทุจู‚ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช "ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ุฏูŠ ุงุฏู†ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ"
10:00
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:03
"And anyway, I am going away."
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"ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุงู†ุง ุฐุงู‡ุจ"
10:06
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:10
So I left them for a couple of months.
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ุซู… ุชุฑูƒุชู‡ู… ู„ุจุถุน ุงุดู‡ุฑ.
10:14
They'd got a zero. I gave them a test.
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ูˆ ุญุตู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุฑ ุจุนุฏู…ุง ุงุนุทูŠุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ.
10:17
I came back after two months
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ุนุฏุช ุจุนุฏ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู†
10:18
and the children trooped in and said, "We've understood nothing."
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ูˆ ุงุญุชุดุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง "ู„ู… ู†ูู‡ู… ุงูŠ ุดูŠุก"
10:21
So I said, "Well, what did I expect?"
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ูุณุฃู„ุช ู†ูุณูŠ "ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุงุชูˆู‚ุนุŸ"
10:23
So I said, "Okay, but how long did it take you
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ุซู… ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ู… "ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐุง
10:27
before you decided that you can't understand anything?"
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ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ุชู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ุงู†ูƒู… ู„ู… ุชูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุดูŠุฆู‹ุŸ"
10:30
So they said, "We haven't given up.
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ูู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠ "ู†ุญู† ู„ู… ู†ุณุชุณู„ู… ุจุนุฏ
10:32
We look at it every single day."
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ูู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…"
10:34
So I said, "What? You don't understand these screens
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ูู‚ู„ุช "ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู‡ู„ ู„ุง ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุดุงุชุŸ
10:37
and you keep staring at it for two months? What for?"
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ูˆ ุชุฌู„ุณูˆู† ู„ุชู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ"
10:39
So a little girl who you see just now,
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ูู‚ุงู…ุช ูุชุงุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุณุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
10:42
she raised her hand, and she says to me in broken Tamil and English,
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ุฑูุนุช ูŠุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ูŠ ููŠ ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู…ู„ุŒ
10:44
she said, "Well, apart from the fact that
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ู‚ุงู„ุช "ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุจุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู† ู†ุณุฎ
10:47
improper replication of the DNA molecule causes disease,
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ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุณู„ูŠู… ูŠุณุจุจ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถุŒ
10:50
we haven't understood anything else."
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ูู‡ู… ุงูŠ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ"
10:52
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ุถุญูƒ) ..( ุชุตููŠู‚)
10:58
So I tested them.
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ูุฃุฎุชุจุฑุชู‡ู….
11:02
I got an educational impossibility, zero to 30 percent
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ูุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู‰ 30% ุชุญุณู†.
11:05
in two months in the tropical heat
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุชุญุช ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
11:08
with a computer under the tree in a language they didn't know
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ู…ุน ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุญุงุณูˆุจ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจู„ุบุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู†ู‡ุง
11:11
doing something that's a decade ahead of their time.
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ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุดูŠุก ุณุงุจู‚ ู„ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ู….
11:14
Absurd. But I had to follow the Victorian norm.
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„. ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ููƒุชูˆุฑูŠ.
11:20
Thirty percent is a fail.
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30% ู„ูŠุณุช ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู†ุฌุงุญ.
11:23
How do I get them to pass? I have to get them 20 more marks.
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ูƒูŠู ุงุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ูŠู†ุฌุญูˆู†ุŸ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงุฏูุนู‡ู… 20 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰.
11:26
I couldn't find a teacher. What I did find was a friend that they had,
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ู„ู… ุงุณุชุทุน ุงูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงุณุชุงุฐุŒ ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุตุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู‡ู…
11:31
a 22-year-old girl who was an accountant
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุงุณุจุฉ ุชุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 22 ุนุงู…ุงู‹
11:33
and she played with them all the time.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุชู„ุนุจ ู…ุนู‡ู….
11:36
So I asked this girl, "Can you help them?"
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ูุณุฃู„ุชู‡ุง "ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ู…ุŸ"
11:38
So she says, "Absolutely not.
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ูู‚ุงู„ุช "ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุง
11:40
I didn't have science in school. I have no idea
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"ู„ู… ุงุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ. ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ุฏูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ
11:43
what they're doing under that tree all day long. I can't help you."
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ุนู† ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุชุญุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุทูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ุง ุงุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชูƒ"
11:48
I said, "I'll tell you what. Use the method of the grandmother."
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ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุง "ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ุงุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฉ"
11:52
So she says, "What's that?"
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ูุณุฃู„ุชู†ูŠ "ูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุงุŸ"
11:53
I said, "Stand behind them.
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ู‚ู„ุช "ู‚ููŠ ุฎู„ูู‡ู…
11:55
Whenever they do anything, you just say,
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ูˆู‚ุชู…ุง ูุนู„ูˆุง ุงูŠ ุดูŠุกู‹ุŒ ูู‚ุท ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ
11:56
'Well, wow, I mean, how did you do that?
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"ูˆุงูˆุŒ ุงู‚ุตุฏ ูƒูŠู ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒุŸ"
11:59
What's the next page? Gosh, when I was your age, I could have never done that.'
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"ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ูŠุงู„ู„ู‡ูˆู„ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจุนู…ุฑูƒุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ"
12:02
You know what grannies do."
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ูƒู…ุง ุชูุนู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุช"
12:05
So she did that for two more months.
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ููุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ.
12:07
The scores jumped to 50 percent.
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ูˆ ู‚ูุฒุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ู‰ 50%.
12:10
Kallikuppam had caught up
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ูƒุงู„ูƒูˆุจู… ุงู„ุชุญู‚ุช ุจู…ุณุชูˆู‰
12:12
with my control school in New Delhi,
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ู…ุฏุฑุณุชูŠ ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆ ุฏู„ู‡ูŠ
12:14
a rich private school with a trained biotechnology teacher.
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ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุจู‡ุง ุงุณุชุงุฐ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงุญูŠุงุก ู…ุชุฏุฑุจ.
12:18
When I saw that graph I knew there is a way to level the playing field.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠุŒ ุนู„ู…ุช ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุงูุณ.
12:23
Here's Kallikuppam.
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ู‡ุงู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุงู„ูƒูˆุจู….
12:25
(Children speaking) Neurons ... communication.
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(ุงุทูุงู„ ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู†) ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนุตุจูŠุฉ.. ุชูˆุงุตู„.
12:33
I got the camera angle wrong. That one is just amateur stuff,
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูุถู„ ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ
12:37
but what she was saying, as you could make out,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุฎู…ู†ูˆู†ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุทูู„ุฉ ุชุชุญุฏุซ
12:39
was about neurons, with her hands were like that,
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ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉุŒ ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ
12:42
and she was saying neurons communicate.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุชุชูˆุงุตู„.
12:45
At 12.
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ููŠ ุณู† ุงู„ู€12.
12:49
So what are jobs going to be like?
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ุงุฐุงุŒ ูู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆูุŸ
12:52
Well, we know what they're like today.
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ูู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
12:54
What's learning going to be like? We know what it's like today,
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ูƒูŠู ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ู…ุŸ ูู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ูƒูŠู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
12:57
children pouring over with their mobile phones on the one hand
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ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ูŠู†ุดุบู„ูˆู† ุจุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ ุจูŠู‹ุฏ
13:00
and then reluctantly going to school to pick up their books with their other hand.
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ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุชุฑุฏุฏูŠู† ู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
13:03
What will it be tomorrow?
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ูƒูŠู ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุบุฏุงู‹ุŸ
13:07
Could it be that we don't need to go to school at all?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู„ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุงู‹ุŸ
13:12
Could it be that, at the point in time when you need to know something,
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ุงุญุชุฌุช ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงูŠ ูˆู‚ุช
13:16
you can find out in two minutes?
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู†ุŸ
13:19
Could it be -- a devastating question,
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ุŸ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุญูŠุฑุŒ
13:23
a question that was framed for me by Nicholas Negroponte --
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ุณุคุงู„ ุฑุณู…ู‡ ู„ูŠ ู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุณ ู†ูŠู‚ุฑูˆุจูˆู†ุชูŠ--
13:26
could it be that we are heading towards or maybe in
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุฌู‡ูŠู† ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
13:29
a future where knowing is obsolete?
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ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงุฆุฏุฉุŸ
13:32
But that's terrible. We are homo sapiens.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูุธูŠุนุŒ ู†ุญู† ุจุดุฑ.
13:35
Knowing, that's what distinguishes us from the apes.
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ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุฑู‚ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช.
13:39
But look at it this way.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ.
13:41
It took nature 100 million years
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ุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ 100 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุนุงู…
13:43
to make the ape stand up
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ู„ุชุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุฏ ูŠู‚ู ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุงู‹
13:45
and become Homo sapiens.
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ูˆ ูŠุตุจุญ ุจุดุฑุงู‹.
13:47
It took us only 10,000 to make knowing obsolete.
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ุซู… ุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ู†ุง ู†ุญู† 10ุŒ000 ู„ู†ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงุฆุฏุฉ.
13:51
What an achievement that is.
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ูŠุงู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู†ุฌุงุฒ ุนุธูŠู….
13:53
But we have to integrate that into our own future.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุฒุฌ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง.
13:57
Encouragement seems to be the key.
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ุงู„ุชุดุฌูŠุน ุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ.
14:00
If you look at Kuppam,
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ุงุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุชู… ุงู„ู‰ ูƒุงู„ูƒูˆุจู…ุŒ
14:02
if you look at all of the experiments that I did,
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ุงุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุชู… ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชู‰ ุงุฌุฑูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ
14:04
it was simply saying, "Wow," saluting learning.
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ูŠุชุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‚ูˆู„ "ูˆุงูˆ"ุŒ ุชุญูŠุฉู‹ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ู….
14:11
There is evidence from neuroscience.
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ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุนู„ู… ุงุนุตุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎ.
14:14
The reptilian part of our brain, which sits in the center of our brain,
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ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฒุงุญู ู…ู† ุนู‚ู„ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
14:17
when it's threatened, it shuts down everything else,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฎุทุฑุŒ ูŠุบู„ู‚ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ
14:21
it shuts down the prefrontal cortex, the parts which learn,
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ูŠุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู….
14:24
it shuts all of that down.
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ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชู… ุงุบู„ุงู‚ู‡.
14:27
Punishment and examinations are seen as threats.
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ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ูŠูู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู„ุฎุทุฑ.
14:31
We take our children, we make them shut their brains down,
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ูู†ุญู† ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุจุขุจู†ุงุฆู†ุงุŒ ู†ุฌุนู„ ุนู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุชู†ุบู„ู‚
14:35
and then we say, "Perform."
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ุซู… ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุงุฏู‘ูˆุง ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจ.
14:38
Why did they create a system like that?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุตู†ุนูˆุง ู†ุธุงู…ุงู‹ ูƒู‡ุฐุงุŸ
14:41
Because it was needed.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุงู‹
14:43
There was an age in the Age of Empires
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ููŠ ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญูˆุฌุฉ
14:45
when you needed those people who can survive under threat.
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ู„ุฃู†ุงุณ ูŠุชุนุงูŠุดูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ.
14:50
When you're standing in a trench all alone,
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ุนู†ุฏ ูˆู‚ูˆููƒ ููŠ ุฎู†ุฏู‚ ู„ูˆุญุฏูƒุŒ
14:52
if you could have survived, you're okay, you've passed.
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ุงุฐุง ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุงู† ุชุนูŠุดุŒ ูู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุญุช
14:56
If you didn't, you failed.
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ูˆ ุงุฐุง ู„ุงุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ูุดู„ุช.
14:59
But the Age of Empires is gone.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู†ุทูˆู‰.
15:02
What happens to creativity in our age?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน ููŠ ุฒู…ู†ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
15:05
We need to shift that balance back
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ
15:08
from threat to pleasure.
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ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฉ.
15:12
I came back to England looking for British grandmothers.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุฏุช ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง ุจุงุญุซุงู‹ ุนู† ุฌุฏุงุช ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุงุช.
15:16
I put out notices in papers saying,
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ูˆุฒุนุช ุงูˆุฑุงู‚ ุงุนู„ุงู†ุงุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
15:19
if you are a British grandmother, if you have broadband and a web camera,
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ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุฌุฏุฉ ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ูˆ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง
15:22
can you give me one hour of your time per week for free?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุนุทุงุฆูŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุจูˆุน ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุชูƒ ู…ุฌุงู†ุงู‹ุŸ
15:25
I got 200 in the first two weeks.
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ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ 200 ููŠ ุงูˆู„ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู†.
15:27
I know more British grandmothers than anyone in the universe. (Laughter)
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ุงู„ุขู† ุงุนุฑู ุนุฏุฏ ุฌุฏุงุช ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุงุช ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงูŠ ุงู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†. (ุถุญูƒ)
15:32
They're called the Granny Cloud.
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ุงุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ยซุณุญุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฉยป
15:36
The Granny Cloud sits on the Internet.
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ยซุณุญุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฉยป ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช
15:38
If there's a child in trouble, we beam a Gran.
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ูุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทูู„ ููŠ ู…ุฃุฒู‚ ู†ุฑุณู„ ู„ู‡ ุฌุฏุฉ.
15:42
She goes on over Skype and she sorts things out.
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ุชุชุญุฏุซ ู…ุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูƒุงูŠุจ ูˆ ุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ ููŠ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุถู„ุฉ.
15:46
I've seen them do it from a village called Diggles
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ู… ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุชุฏุนู‰ ยซุฏุฌู„ุฒยป
15:49
in northwestern England,
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ููŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ุบุฑุจ ุงู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง
15:51
deep inside a village in Tamil Nadu, India,
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ุงู„ู‰ ุงุนู…ุงู‚ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชุงู…ู„ ู†ุงุฏูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
15:55
6,000 miles away.
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุฉ 6ุŒ000 ู…ูŠู„.
15:57
She does it with only one age-old gesture.
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ูู‚ุท ุจุชู„ูˆูŠุญ ู‚ุฏูŠู…
16:01
"Shhh."
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"ุดุดุด"
16:02
Okay?
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŸ
16:05
Watch this.
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ุดุงู‡ุฏูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง.
16:07
Grandmother: You can't catch me. You say it.
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ุงู„ุฌุฏุฉ: ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ุจุถ ุนู„ูŠุŒ ู‚ูˆู„ูˆู‡ุง.
16:11
You can't catch me.
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ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ุจุถ ุนู„ูŠ
16:15
Children: You can't catch me.
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ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„: ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ุจุถ ุนู„ูŠ
16:18
Grandmother: I'm the Gingerbread Man.Children: I'm the Gingerbread Man.
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ุงู„ุฌุฏุฉ: ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุนุฌูŠุจ. ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„: ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุนุฌูŠุจ.
16:23
Grandmother: Well done! Very good.
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ุงู„ุฌุฏุฉ: ุงุญุณู†ุชู…ุŒ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏุงูŽ!
16:28
SM: So what's happening here?
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ุงุฐุงุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
16:30
I think what we need to look at is
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ
16:32
we need to look at learning
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ู‘ู…
16:34
as the product of educational self-organization.
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ูƒู†ุงุชุฌ ู„ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ
16:39
If you allow the educational process to self-organize,
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ุงุฐุง ุณู…ุญู†ุง ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู† ุชุญุฏุซ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง
16:42
then learning emerges.
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ูุณูŠูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
16:44
It's not about making learning happen.
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ู„ูŠุณ ุจุตู†ุน ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
16:47
It's about letting it happen.
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ุงู†ู…ุง ุจุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ู„ูŠุญุฏุซ.
16:49
The teacher sets the process in motion
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ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ุฉ ุชุฎู„ู‚ ุฌูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู…
16:52
and then she stands back in awe
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ุชุดุงู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงุนุฌุงุจ
16:55
and watches as learning happens.
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ูƒูŠู ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู….
16:57
I think that's what all this is pointing at.
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ูู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู….
17:00
But how will we know? How will we come to know?
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ุŒ ูƒูŠู ุณู†ุนุฑูุŸ
17:03
Well, I intend to build
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ูˆูŠ ุจู†ุงุก
17:05
these Self-Organized Learning Environments.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู†ุดุงุก ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ.
17:08
They are basically broadband, collaboration
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ู‡ูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ + ุชุนุงูˆู† + ุชุดุฌูŠุน
17:12
and encouragement put together.
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ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุณูˆูŠุงู‹.
17:14
I've tried this in many, many schools.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุฑุจุช ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
17:16
It's been tried all over the world, and teachers
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุฑุจุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู†
17:18
sort of stand back and say, "It just happens by itself?"
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ูŠู‚ููˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† "ุงู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡"
17:22
And I said, "Yeah, it happens by itself.""How did you know that?"
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ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู„ "ู†ุนู… ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ". "ูƒูŠู ุชุนุฑู ุฐู„ูƒุŸ"
17:25
I said, "You won't believe the children who told me
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ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ู… "ู„ู† ุชุตุฏู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุงุฎุจุฑูˆู†ูŠ
17:29
and where they're from."
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุงูŠู† ุฌุงุกูˆุง"
17:31
Here's a SOLE in action.
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ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ ยซุณูˆู„ยป ูŠุนู…ู„
17:34
(Children talking)
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(ุงุทูุงู„ ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู†)
17:40
This one is in England.
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ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง.
17:47
He maintains law and order,
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู…ุŒ
17:50
because remember, there's no teacher around.
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ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุงุŒ ูู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†.
18:01
Girl: The total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons -- SM: Australia
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ุทูู„ุฉ: ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุงุช
18:05
Girl: -- giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
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ู„ุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุตุงููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุญู†ุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ.
18:11
The net charge on an ion is equal to the number of protons
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ุตุงููŠ ุงู„ุดุญู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆู†ุงุช
18:15
in the ion minus the number of electrons.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช.
18:18
SM: A decade ahead of her time.
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ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ุจุนู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู…ู„
18:21
So SOLEs, I think we need a curriculum of big questions.
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ุงุฐุงุŒ ุงุธู† ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
18:25
You already heard about that. You know what that means.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนุชู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุชุนุฑููˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ.
18:27
There was a time when Stone Age men and women
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑูŠ
18:31
used to sit and look up at the sky and say,
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ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ูˆ ูŠุชุณุงุฆู„ูˆู†ุŒ
18:33
"What are those twinkling lights?"
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"ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุนุฉุŸ"
18:35
They built the first curriculum, but we've lost sight of those wondrous questions.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจู†ูˆุง ุงูˆู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฃู…ู„ุŒ
18:40
We've brought it down to the tangent of an angle.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ูู‚ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู…ุงุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุฉ.
18:44
But that's not sexy enough.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู…ุชุนุงู‹ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ.
18:48
The way you would put it to a nine-year-old is to say,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุนูˆุงู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ
18:51
"If a meteorite was coming to hit the Earth,
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"ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูƒูˆูŠูƒุจ ู„ูŠุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุงุฑุถุŒ
18:54
how would you figure out if it was going to or not?"
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ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุฑู ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุณูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู… ู„ุงุŸ"
18:57
And if he says, "Well, what? how?"
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ูˆ ุงุฐุง ู‚ุงู„ " ูƒูŠูุŸ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ"
19:00
you say, "There's a magic word. It's called the tangent of an angle,"
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ู‚ู„ ู„ู‡ "ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุณุญุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ุงุณ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ"
19:03
and leave him alone. He'll figure it out.
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ูˆ ุฏุนู‡ ูˆ ุดุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆ ุณูŠุฏุฑูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡.
19:06
So here are a couple of images from SOLEs.
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ูู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ยซุณูˆู„ยป
19:10
I've tried incredible, incredible questions --
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุฑุจุช ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฑู‡ูŠุจุฉ
19:16
"When did the world begin? How will it end?" โ€”
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"ูƒูŠู ุงุจุชุฏุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ ูƒูŠู ุณูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠุŸ"
19:20
to nine-year-olds.
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ุงู„ู‰ ุงุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ.
19:22
This one is about what happens to the air we breathe.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู† ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุชู†ุดู‚ู‡.
19:25
This is done by children without the help of any teacher.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงูŠ ู…ุนู„ู….
19:30
The teacher only raises the question,
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ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ูู‚ุท ูŠุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ
19:32
and then stands back and admires the answer.
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ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู… ูŠู‚ู ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ุงุนุฌุงุจุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุงุช.
19:36
So what's my wish?
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ุงุฐุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ู†ูŠุชูŠุŸ
19:40
My wish is
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ุฃู…ู†ูŠุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ
19:42
that we design the future of learning.
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ุงู† ู†ุตู…ู… ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู…
19:46
We don't want to be spare parts
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ู„ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุทุน ุบูŠุงุฑ (ุฃุฌุฒุงุก)
19:48
for a great human computer, do we?
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ู„ุขู„ุฉ ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
19:51
So we need to design a future for learning.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู† ู†ุตู…ู… ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู….
19:54
And I've got to -- hang on,
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ูˆ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ - ุงู†ุชุธุฑูˆุง...
19:56
I've got to get this wording exactly right,
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ุญุชู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุงู‹ุŒ
19:59
because, you know, it's very important.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†.
20:01
My wish is to help design a future of learning
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ุฃู…ู†ูŠุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู† ุงุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ู…
20:04
by supporting children all over the world
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ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
20:06
to tap into their wonder and their ability to work together.
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ู„ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุนุงู„ู… ุฎูŠุงู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุณูˆูŠุงู‹.
20:09
Help me build this school.
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ุณุงุนุฏูˆู†ูŠ ููŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
20:11
It will be called the School in the Cloud.
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ุณู†ุฏุนูˆู‡ุง ยซู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุญุจยป
20:14
It will be a school where children go on these intellectual adventures
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ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูŠุฎูˆุถ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุบุงู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ
20:20
driven by the big questions which their mediators put in.
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ุชู‚ูˆุฏู‡ู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุถุนูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู†.
20:23
The way I want to do this
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ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง
20:26
is to build a facility where I can study this.
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ุจุจู†ุงุก ู…ูƒุงู† ุงุฏุฑุณ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน
20:30
It's a facility which is practically unmanned.
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ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ุงุณู… ู…ุนูŠู†
20:33
There's only one granny
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ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
20:35
who manages health and safety.
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ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุงู„ุตุญุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ.
20:37
The rest of it's from the cloud.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุญุงุจุฉ.
20:38
The lights are turned on and off by the cloud,
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ุชู‚ูู„ ูˆ ุชูุชุญ ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุญุงุจุฉ
20:40
etc., etc., everything's done from the cloud.
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ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุญุงุจุฉ.
20:42
But I want you for another purpose.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏูƒู… ู„ุบุฑุถ ุขุฎุฑุŒ
20:46
You can do Self-Organized Learning Environments
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ
20:48
at home, in the school, outside of school, in clubs.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฏูŠ.
20:53
It's very easy to do. There's a great document
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ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุจู†ุงุกู‡ุง. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ
20:56
produced by TED which tells you how to do it.
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ู…ู† ุงู†ุชุงุฌ TED ุชุญุฏุซูƒู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก.
20:57
If you would please, please do it
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ุงุฐุง ุงู…ูƒู†ูƒู…ุŒ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒู… ุงูุนู„ูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ.
21:01
across all five continents
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ
21:03
and send me the data,
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ูˆ ุงุฑุณู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุชุŒ
21:05
then I'll put it all together, move it into the School of Clouds,
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ุซู… ุณุฃุถุนู‡ุง ุณูˆูŠุงู‹ุŒ ุงุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุณุญุจ
21:09
and create the future of learning.
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ูˆ ุงุตู†ุน ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู….
21:12
That's my wish.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู…ู†ูŠุชูŠ.
21:14
And just one last thing.
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ูˆ ุดูŠุก ุงุฎูŠุฑุŒ
21:15
I'll take you to the top of the Himalayas.
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ุณุฃุฎุฐูƒู… ุงู„ู‰ ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู…ู„ุงูŠุง
21:18
At 12,000 feet, where the air is thin,
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ุจุฅุฑุชูุงุน 12ุŒ000 ู‚ุฏู… ุญูŠุซ ูŠู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ
21:21
I once built two Hole in the Wall computers,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุถุนุช ุญุงุณูˆุจ ูุชุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ุฐุงุช ู…ุฑุฉุŒ
21:24
and the children flocked there.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฑุนูˆุง ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„.
21:26
And there was this little girl who was following me around.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทูู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุชุชุจุนู†ูŠ ุญูŠุซู…ุง ุฐู‡ุจุช
21:29
And I said to her, "You know, I want to give a computer to everybody, every child.
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ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุง "ู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงุนุทูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุญุงุณูˆุจ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ูˆ ู„ูƒู„ ุทูู„
21:33
I don't know, what should I do?"
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ู„ุง ุงุนู„ู…ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุงูุนู„ุŸ"
21:36
And I was trying to take a picture of her quietly.
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ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุท ู„ู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจู‡ุฏูˆุก
21:40
She suddenly raised her hand like this, and said to me,
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ูุฌุฃุฉูŽ ุฑูุนุช ูŠุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ูŠ
21:44
"Get on with it."
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"ูู„ุชูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชุชูˆู‚ู"
21:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ุถุญูƒ) .. (ุชุตููŠู‚)
21:58
I think it was good advice.
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ุงุธู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุตูŠุญุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ
21:59
I'll follow her advice. I'll stop talking.
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ุณุฃุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุณุฃูƒู ุนู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู….
22:01
Thank you. Thank you very much.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ุŒ ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹.
22:05
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
22:09
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ุŒ ุดูƒุฑุงู‹. (ุชุตููŠู‚).
22:18
Thank you very much. Wow. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹. (ุชุตููŠู‚).
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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