Sugata Mitra: Build a School in the Cloud

710,965 views ใƒป 2013-02-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : SangEun Chung
00:16
What is going to be the future of learning?
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๊ต์œก์˜ ์•ž๋‚ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:21
I do have a plan,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
but in order for me to tell you what that plan is,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
00:27
I need to tell you a little story,
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์งง์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
which kind of sets the stage.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
I tried to look at
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ด
00:34
where did the kind of learning we do in schools,
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
where did it come from?
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๊ต์œก์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ ์™”์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:40
And you can look far back into the past,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋จผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
but if you look at present-day schooling the way it is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
00:46
it's quite easy to figure out where it came from.
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
It came from about 300 years ago,
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ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์€ 300๋…„ ์ „
00:54
and it came from the last
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด์ž
00:56
and the biggest of the empires on this planet. ["The British Empire"]
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ["๋Œ€์˜์ œ๊ตญ"]
00:59
Imagine trying to run the show,
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์‡ผ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:02
trying to run the entire planet,
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์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:04
without computers, without telephones,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ์ „ํ™”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
with data handwritten on pieces of paper,
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์ข…์ด์— ์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
01:12
and traveling by ships.
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๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
But the Victorians actually did it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
What they did was amazing.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๋†€๋ž์ฃ .
01:21
They created a global computer
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š”
01:24
made up of people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
It's still with us today.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„์ง๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
It's called the bureaucratic administrative machine.
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ํ–‰์ • ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
01:35
In order to have that machine running,
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
01:38
you need lots and lots of people.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
They made another machine to produce those people:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:46
the school.
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ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
The schools would produce the people
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ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
01:51
who would then become parts of the
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:55
bureaucratic administrative machine.
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ํ–‰์ • ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
They must be identical to each other.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
They must know three things:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
They must have good handwriting, because the data is handwritten;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž˜ ์จ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์จ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:08
they must be able to read;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ์„ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:10
and they must be able to do multiplication,
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์•”์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ธฐ
02:13
division, addition and subtraction in their head.
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๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ, ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋นผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
They must be so identical that you could pick one up from New Zealand
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„
02:20
and ship them to Canada
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด
02:22
and he would be instantly functional.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
The Victorians were great engineers.
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๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
They engineered a system that was so robust
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
02:33
that it's still with us today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
02:35
continuously producing identical people
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:39
for a machine that no longer exists.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
The empire is gone,
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์ œ๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
so what are we doing with that design
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”
02:50
that produces these identical people,
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์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:52
and what are we going to do next
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:55
if we ever are going to do anything else with it?
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:59
["Schools as we know them are obsolete"]
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["์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."]
03:01
So that's a pretty strong comment there.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋…ผํ‰์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:03
I said schools as we know them now, they're obsolete.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋”๋Š” ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
I'm not saying they're broken.
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ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
It's quite fashionable to say that the education system's broken.
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ํ•™๊ต ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„๋ฐ
03:11
It's not broken. It's wonderfully constructed.
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ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:15
It's just that we don't need it anymore. It's outdated.
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๊ทธ์ € ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋”๋Š” ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง„๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
What are the kind of jobs that we have today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:23
Well, the clerks are the computers.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์„œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
They're there in thousands in every office.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋Œ€์”ฉ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
And you have people who guide those computers
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐํ•œํ…Œ
03:31
to do their clerical jobs.
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์„œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
03:34
Those people don't need to be able to write beautifully by hand.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž˜ ์“ธ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
They don't need to be able to multiply numbers in their heads.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•”์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
03:40
They do need to be able to read.
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๊ธ€์€ ์ฝ์„ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
In fact, they need to be able to read discerningly.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Well, that's today, but we don't even know
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
what the jobs of the future are going to look like.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
We know that people will work from wherever they want,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
03:55
whenever they want, in whatever way they want.
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์›ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
How is present-day schooling going to prepare them
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด
04:02
for that world?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ค€๋น„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:05
Well, I bumped into this whole thing completely by accident.
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์Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
I used to teach people how to write computer programs
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์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„
04:12
in New Delhi, 14 years ago.
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๋‰ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 14๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
And right next to where I used to work, there was a slum.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์—๋Š” ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
And I used to think, how on Earth are those kids
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
04:21
ever going to learn to write computer programs?
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
04:24
Or should they not?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜?
04:27
At the same time, we also had lots of parents,
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
rich people, who had computers,
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๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:32
and who used to tell me, "You know, my son,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ œ ์•„๋“ค์€
04:35
I think he's gifted,
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์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:37
because he does wonderful things with computers.
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์ œ ์•„๋“ค์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:40
And my daughter -- oh, surely she is extra-intelligent."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋”ธ์€, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•„์ฃผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:44
And so on. So I suddenly figured that,
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๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
how come all the rich people are having
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
04:48
these extraordinarily gifted children?
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?
04:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:52
What did the poor do wrong?
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ˜ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
04:55
I made a hole in the boundary wall
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๊ณผ
04:58
of the slum next to my office,
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๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋šซ์–ด์„œ,
05:00
and stuck a computer inside it just to see what would happen
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์›Œ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
if I gave a computer to children who never would have one,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
05:05
didn't know any English, didn't know what the Internet was.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
The children came running in.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
It was three feet off the ground, and they said, "What is this?"
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๋•…๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ฏค ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์—์š”?"
05:12
And I said, "Yeah, it's, I don't know."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์‘, ๊ทธ๊ฑด, ๋‚˜๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ."
05:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:17
They said, "Why have you put it there?"
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์• ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์™œ ์ด๊ฑธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์—ˆ์–ด์š”?"
05:20
I said, "Just like that."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. "๊ทธ๋ƒฅ."
05:21
And they said, "Can we touch it?"I said, "If you wish to."
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์• ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ "๋งŒ์ ธ๋„ ๋ผ์š”?" ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด."
05:24
And I went away.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋–ด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
About eight hours later,
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8์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฏค ๋’ค์—,
05:28
we found them browsing and teaching each other how to browse.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
So I said, "Well that's impossible, because --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์•„, ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ผ. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
05:34
How is it possible? They don't know anything."
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€? ์• ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ."
05:37
My colleagues said, "No, it's a simple solution.
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
One of your students must have been passing by,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ํ•™์ƒ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€
05:43
showed them how to use the mouse."
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์• ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”."
05:45
So I said, "Yeah, that's possible."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”."
05:46
So I repeated the experiment. I went 300 miles out of Delhi
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 480 km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„
05:49
into a really remote village
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์•„์ฃผ ์™ธ์ง„ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
where the chances of a passing software development engineer
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€
05:55
was very little. (Laughter)
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์•„์ฃผ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:00
I repeated the experiment there.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
There was no place to stay, so I stuck my computer in,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฌผ ๊ณณ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์›Œ๋†“๊ณ ๋Š”
06:05
I went away, came back after a couple of months,
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๋งˆ์„์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋Œ์•„์™”๋”๋‹ˆ
06:07
found kids playing games on it.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
When they saw me, they said,
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์• ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:09
"We want a faster processor and a better mouse."
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"๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ์™€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”."
06:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:16
So I said, "How on Earth do you know all this?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ์•„๋‹ˆ?"
06:20
And they said something very interesting to me.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์• ๋“ค์€ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:22
In an irritated voice, they said,
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์งœ์ฆ๋‚œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์• ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
"You've given us a machine that works only in English,
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"์•„์ €์”จ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌํ•œํ…Œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์คฌ์–ด์š”,
06:26
so we had to teach ourselves English in order to use it." (Laughter)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœํ•œํ…Œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”." (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:32
That's the first time, as a teacher,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
06:34
that I had heard the word "teach ourselves" said so casually.
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"์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ ‡์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Here's a short glimpse from those years.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ž ๊น ๋ณด์ฃ .
06:43
That's the first day at the Hole in the Wall.
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"๋ฒฝ ์†์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ" ์ฒซ์งธ ๋‚ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
On your right is an eight-year-old.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— 8์‚ด๋œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
To his left is his student. She's six.
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๊ทธ ์™ผ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ 6์‚ด์ด์—์š”.
06:54
And he's teaching her how to browse.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์• ํ•œํ…Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Then onto other parts of the country,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฐ€์„œ
07:01
I repeated this over and over again,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:03
getting exactly the same results that we were.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
["Hole in the wall film - 1999"]
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["์˜ํ™” ๋ฒฝ์†์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ - 1999"]
07:10
An eight-year-old telling his elder sister what to do.
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8์‚ด ๋จน์€ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
And finally a girl explaining in Marathi what it is,
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์—ฌ์ž์• ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผํ‹ฐ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:25
and said, "There's a processor inside."
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"์ด ์•ˆ์— ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
So I started publishing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
I published everywhere. I wrote down and measured everything,
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
and I said, in nine months, a group of children
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์ €๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
07:36
left alone with a computer in any language
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์•„์ด๋“ค ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์†์— ๋‘๋ฉด 9๊ฐœ์›” ์•ˆ์— ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
07:39
will reach the same standard as an office secretary in the West.
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์„œ์–‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋น„์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
07:43
I'd seen it happen over and over and over again.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
But I was curious to know, what else would they do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์• ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:51
if they could do this much?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
07:53
I started experimenting with other subjects,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:56
among them, for example, pronunciation.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์„œ๋„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
There's one community of children in southern India
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์ธ๋„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
08:01
whose English pronunciation is really bad,
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์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚˜์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
and they needed good pronunciation because that would improve their jobs.
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์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์ข‹์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
I gave them a speech-to-text engine in a computer,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋ง์„ ๊ธ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์—”์ง„์„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ด์•„์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
and I said, "Keep talking into it until it types what you say."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . " ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด."
08:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:19
They did that, and watch a little bit of this.
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์• ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
08:25
Computer: Nice to meet you.Child: Nice to meet you.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ: ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ์š”. ์•„์ด๋“ค: ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ์š”.
08:30
Sugata Mitra: The reason I ended with the face
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์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ํƒ€ ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ผ: ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์ด ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:32
of this young lady over there is because I suspect many of you know her.
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์ˆ™๋…€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:36
She has now joined a call center in Hyderabad
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝœ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
and may have tortured you about your credit card bills
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์“ด ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ๊ณ ์ง€์„œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชป ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๊ตด์—ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
08:44
in a very clear English accent.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ ์–ต์–‘์œผ๋กœ์š”.
08:49
So then people said, well, how far will it go?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:54
Where does it stop?
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์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ๊นŒ์š”?
08:55
I decided I would destroy my own argument
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์ €๋Š” ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด
08:59
by creating an absurd proposition.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
I made a hypothesis, a ridiculous hypothesis.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค, ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Tamil is a south Indian language, and I said,
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ํƒ€๋ฐ€์€ ์ธ๋„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
can Tamil-speaking children in a south Indian village
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์ธ๋„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์˜ ๋งˆ์„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํƒ€๋ฐ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
09:09
learn the biotechnology of DNA replication in English
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๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋†“์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ
09:13
from a streetside computer?
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” DNA๋ณต์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:15
And I said, I'll measure them. They'll get a zero.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์• ๋“ค์€ 0์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
I'll spend a couple of months, I'll leave it for a couple of months,
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
I'll go back, they'll get another zero.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์• ๋“ค์€ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ 0์ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:23
I'll go back to the lab and say, we need teachers.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
09:27
I found a village. It was called Kallikuppam in southern India.
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๋งˆ์„์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”. ์ธ๋„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ฟ ํŒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
I put in Hole in the Wall computers there,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฒฝ์†์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
09:34
downloaded all kinds of stuff from the Internet about DNA replication,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ DNA๋ณต์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
most of which I didn't understand.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ์ €๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
The children came rushing, said, "What's all this?"
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์™€์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. "์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ๋ญ์—์š”?"
09:44
So I said, "It's very topical, very important. But it's all in English."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹œ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜์–ด์•ผ."
09:49
So they said, "How can we understand such big English words
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์• ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–ด์™€
09:52
and diagrams and chemistry?"
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๋„ํ‘œ์™€ ํ™”ํ•™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”?"
09:54
So by now, I had developed a new pedagogical method,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์œก๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
so I applied that. I said, "I haven't the foggiest idea."
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋„ ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜."
10:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:03
"And anyway, I am going away."
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"์–ด์จ‹๋“ , ๋‚œ ๊ฐ€๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค."
10:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:10
So I left them for a couple of months.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์• ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋’€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
They'd got a zero. I gave them a test.
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์• ๋“ค์€ 0์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”. ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
I came back after two months
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋Œ์•„์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
10:18
and the children trooped in and said, "We've understood nothing."
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์• ๋“ค์ด ๋–ผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ ค์™€์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”."
10:21
So I said, "Well, what did I expect?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€?"
10:23
So I said, "Okay, but how long did it take you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ข‹์•„, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ˆ?
10:27
before you decided that you can't understand anything?"
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง“๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์•ผ."
10:30
So they said, "We haven't given up.
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์• ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
10:32
We look at it every single day."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
10:34
So I said, "What? You don't understand these screens
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. "๋ญ๋ผ๊ตฌ? ์ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์ดํ•ด๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:37
and you keep staring at it for two months? What for?"
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๋‘ ๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ? ๋ญฃ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—?"
10:39
So a little girl who you see just now,
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹  ์ž‘์€ ์—ฌ์ž์• ๊ฐ€
10:42
she raised her hand, and she says to me in broken Tamil and English,
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์†์„ ๋“ค๊ณ ๋Š” ์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒ€๋ฐ€๊ณผ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
she said, "Well, apart from the fact that
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์—ฌ์ž ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:47
improper replication of the DNA molecule causes disease,
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"์Œ, DNA๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋ฉด ์•”์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š”
10:50
we haven't understood anything else."
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”."
10:52
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (์†๋ผ‰)
10:58
So I tested them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
I got an educational impossibility, zero to 30 percent
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 0์—์„œ 30%๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:05
in two months in the tropical heat
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๋‘ ๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ ์—ด๋Œ€์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ
11:08
with a computer under the tree in a language they didn't know
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์• ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‘๊ณ 
11:11
doing something that's a decade ahead of their time.
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์• ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค 10๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ์•ž์„  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
Absurd. But I had to follow the Victorian norm.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋ผ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
Thirty percent is a fail.
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30%๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
How do I get them to pass? I have to get them 20 more marks.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์• ๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์• ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ 20์ ์„ ๋” ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
I couldn't find a teacher. What I did find was a friend that they had,
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์ €๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์• ๋“ค์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ
11:31
a 22-year-old girl who was an accountant
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22์‚ด๋œ ์—ฌ์ž ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
11:33
and she played with them all the time.
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์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Š˜ ๋†€์•„์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:36
So I asked this girl, "Can you help them?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฌ์žํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
11:38
So she says, "Absolutely not.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
11:40
I didn't have science in school. I have no idea
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
11:43
what they're doing under that tree all day long. I can't help you."
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์• ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ๋ญ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ตฐ์š”.
11:48
I said, "I'll tell you what. Use the method of the grandmother."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ . ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”."
11:52
So she says, "What's that?"
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์ฃ ?"
11:53
I said, "Stand behind them.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์• ๋“ค ๋’ค์— ์„œ ์žˆ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
11:55
Whenever they do anything, you just say,
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์• ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:56
'Well, wow, I mean, how did you do that?
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"์–ด๋จธ, ์™€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ?
11:59
What's the next page? Gosh, when I was your age, I could have never done that.'
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๋‹ค์Œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ญ์ง€? ์–ด๋จธ๋‚˜, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‚˜์ด์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
12:02
You know what grannies do."
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ."
12:05
So she did that for two more months.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
The scores jumped to 50 percent.
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์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 50 % ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
Kallikuppam had caught up
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์นผ๋ฆฌ์ฟ ํŒœ์ด
12:12
with my control school in New Delhi,
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๋‰ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
a rich private school with a trained biotechnology teacher.
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๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์— ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:18
When I saw that graph I knew there is a way to level the playing field.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Here's Kallikuppam.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ฟ ํŒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
(Children speaking) Neurons ... communication.
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(์•„์ด๋“ค ์–˜๊นƒ์†Œ๋ฆฌ) ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ ... ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต
12:33
I got the camera angle wrong. That one is just amateur stuff,
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฑด ์•„๋งˆ์ธ„์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๋ฐ
12:37
but what she was saying, as you could make out,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:39
was about neurons, with her hands were like that,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์†์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
and she was saying neurons communicate.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:45
At 12.
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12์‚ด์ด๋ž€ ๋‚˜์ด์—.
12:49
So what are jobs going to be like?
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:52
Well, we know what they're like today.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
What's learning going to be like? We know what it's like today,
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๊ต์œก์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
children pouring over with their mobile phones on the one hand
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์†์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ 
13:00
and then reluctantly going to school to pick up their books with their other hand.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ชปํ•ด ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ…์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
What will it be tomorrow?
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๋‚ด์ผ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
13:07
Could it be that we don't need to go to school at all?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
13:12
Could it be that, at the point in time when you need to know something,
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
13:16
you can find out in two minutes?
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2๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:19
Could it be -- a devastating question,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ
13:23
a question that was framed for me by Nicholas Negroponte --
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ,
13:26
could it be that we are heading towards or maybe in
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด
13:29
a future where knowing is obsolete?
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์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
13:32
But that's terrible. We are homo sapiens.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์‚ฌํ”ผ์—”์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
Knowing, that's what distinguishes us from the apes.
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์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ˆญ์ด์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
But look at it this way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:41
It took nature 100 million years
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์ž์—ฐ์€ 1์–ต๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ
13:43
to make the ape stand up
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์›์ˆญ์ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
13:45
and become Homo sapiens.
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ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์‚ฌํ”ผ์—”์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
It took us only 10,000 to make knowing obsolete.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋งŒ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
13:51
What an achievement that is.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:53
But we have to integrate that into our own future.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Encouragement seems to be the key.
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๋ถ๋‹์›Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์—ด์‡ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
If you look at Kuppam,
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์ฟ ํŒœ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
14:02
if you look at all of the experiments that I did,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
14:04
it was simply saying, "Wow," saluting learning.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™€" ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:11
There is evidence from neuroscience.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
The reptilian part of our brain, which sits in the center of our brain,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ถฉ๋ฅ˜๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:17
when it's threatened, it shuts down everything else,
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์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ซ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
it shuts down the prefrontal cortex, the parts which learn,
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์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ์„ ๋‹ซ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
it shuts all of that down.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค ๋‹ซ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:27
Punishment and examinations are seen as threats.
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์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
We take our children, we make them shut their brains down,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ซ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
and then we say, "Perform."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . "์ž˜ํ•ด."
14:38
Why did they create a system like that?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:41
Because it was needed.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
There was an age in the Age of Empires
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์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
when you needed those people who can survive under threat.
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์œ„ํ˜‘์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
When you're standing in a trench all alone,
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์ฐธํ˜ธ ์†์—์„œ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์„œ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๋•Œ
14:52
if you could have survived, you're okay, you've passed.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์œผ๋ฉด, ์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
If you didn't, you failed.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:59
But the Age of Empires is gone.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
What happens to creativity in our age?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:05
We need to shift that balance back
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์œผ๋กœ
15:08
from threat to pleasure.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žก์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
I came back to England looking for British grandmothers.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
I put out notices in papers saying,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
if you are a British grandmother, if you have broadband and a web camera,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜๊ตญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ด๊ณ , ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ง๊ณผ ์›น ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:22
can you give me one hour of your time per week for free?
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1์ฃผ์ผ์— 1์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต์งœ๋กœ ๋‚ด์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
15:25
I got 200 in the first two weeks.
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์ฒ˜์Œ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ 200ํ†ต์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
I know more British grandmothers than anyone in the universe. (Laughter)
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜๊ตญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:32
They're called the Granny Cloud.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ"๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
The Granny Cloud sits on the Internet.
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"๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ"๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:38
If there's a child in trouble, we beam a Gran.
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์•„์ดํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์˜์•„๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
She goes on over Skype and she sorts things out.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์Šค์นด์ดํ”„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
I've seen them do it from a village called Diggles
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์ €๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ๋ถ์„œ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
15:49
in northwestern England,
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๋””๊ธ€์ด๋ž€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
deep inside a village in Tamil Nadu, India,
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์ธ๋„์˜ ํƒ€๋ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด
15:55
6,000 miles away.
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9,600 km ๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
She does it with only one age-old gesture.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋™์ž‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
"Shhh."
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"์‰ฌ-."
16:02
Okay?
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:05
Watch this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:07
Grandmother: You can't catch me. You say it.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ: ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‚  ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด. ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ด๋ด.
16:11
You can't catch me.
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‚  ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด.
16:15
Children: You can't catch me.
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์•„์ด๋“ค: ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‚  ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด.
16:18
Grandmother: I'm the Gingerbread Man.Children: I'm the Gingerbread Man.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ: ๋‚˜๋Š” "์ƒ๊ฐ•๋นต ๋‚จ์ž"์•ผ. ์•„์ด๋“ค: ๋‚˜๋Š” "์ƒ๊ฐ•๋นต ๋‚จ์ž"์•ผ.
16:23
Grandmother: Well done! Very good.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ: ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด! ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„.
16:28
SM: So what's happening here?
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:30
I think what we need to look at is
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
16:32
we need to look at learning
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
16:34
as the product of educational self-organization.
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๊ต์œก์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ์งํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
If you allow the educational process to self-organize,
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๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:42
then learning emerges.
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๋ฐฐ์›€์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
It's not about making learning happen.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
It's about letting it happen.
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๋ฐฐ์›€์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
16:49
The teacher sets the process in motion
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:52
and then she stands back in awe
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—” ๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ
16:55
and watches as learning happens.
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๋ฐฐ์›€์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
I think that's what all this is pointing at.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
But how will we know? How will we come to know?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
17:03
Well, I intend to build
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์Œ. ์ €๋Š”
17:05
these Self-Organized Learning Environments.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๋œ ๊ต์œก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
They are basically broadband, collaboration
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘์—ญ๋Œ€ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ง, ๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์—…,
17:12
and encouragement put together.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
I've tried this in many, many schools.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์€, ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
It's been tried all over the world, and teachers
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€
17:18
sort of stand back and say, "It just happens by itself?"
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๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”?"
17:22
And I said, "Yeah, it happens by itself.""How did you know that?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์˜ˆ, ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
17:25
I said, "You won't believe the children who told me
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . " ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€
17:29
and where they're from."
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๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฑธ ์•ˆ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹ค๊ฑธ์š”."
17:31
Here's a SOLE in action.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ SOLE๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ–‰์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
17:34
(Children talking)
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(์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
17:40
This one is in England.
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜๊ตญ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
He maintains law and order,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
17:50
because remember, there's no teacher around.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
18:01
Girl: The total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons -- SM: Australia
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด: ์ด ์ „์ž์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด ์–‘์„ฑ์ž์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„. (์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„)
18:05
Girl: -- giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด: ์Œ์ „ํ•˜์— ์–‘๊ทน์„ ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด.
18:11
The net charge on an ion is equal to the number of protons
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์ด์˜จ์˜ ์ด ์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž ์ˆ˜์—์„œ
18:15
in the ion minus the number of electrons.
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์ „์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋บ€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„.
18:18
SM: A decade ahead of her time.
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์•„์ด๋“ค ๋‚˜์ด๋ณด๋‹ค 10๋…„์ด ์•ž์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
So SOLEs, I think we need a curriculum of big questions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—, SOLE ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
You already heard about that. You know what that means.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
18:27
There was a time when Stone Age men and women
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์„๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€
18:31
used to sit and look up at the sky and say,
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์•‰์•„์„œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
18:33
"What are those twinkling lights?"
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"์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ณ„๋“ค์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ?"
18:35
They built the first curriculum, but we've lost sight of those wondrous questions.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
We've brought it down to the tangent of an angle.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ์˜ ํƒ„์  ํŠธ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:44
But that's not sexy enough.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
The way you would put it to a nine-year-old is to say,
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9์‚ด๋œ ์•„์ดํ•œํ…Œ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
18:51
"If a meteorite was coming to hit the Earth,
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"์šด์„์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:54
how would you figure out if it was going to or not?"
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋”ชํž์ง€ ์•„๋‹์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€?"
18:57
And if he says, "Well, what? how?"
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ์š”?"
19:00
you say, "There's a magic word. It's called the tangent of an angle,"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์–ด. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐ์˜ ํƒ„์  ํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ."
19:03
and leave him alone. He'll figure it out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์ž ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
So here are a couple of images from SOLEs.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ SOLE์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด ๋ช‡ ์žฅ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
I've tried incredible, incredible questions --
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ , ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
19:16
"When did the world begin? How will it end?" โ€”
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"์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ง€? ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚ ๊นŒ?"
19:20
to nine-year-olds.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ 9์‚ด ์งœ๋ฆฌํ•œํ…Œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
This one is about what happens to the air we breathe.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
19:25
This is done by children without the help of any teacher.
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ๋„์›€๋„ ์—†์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
The teacher only raises the question,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
19:32
and then stands back and admires the answer.
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๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ ๋‹ต์— ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜์ฃ .
19:36
So what's my wish?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
19:40
My wish is
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์ œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€
19:42
that we design the future of learning.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
We don't want to be spare parts
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
19:48
for a great human computer, do we?
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๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
19:51
So we need to design a future for learning.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
And I've got to -- hang on,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”,
19:56
I've got to get this wording exactly right,
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์ด ๋ง์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
because, you know, it's very important.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
20:01
My wish is to help design a future of learning
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์ œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
20:04
by supporting children all over the world
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๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:06
to tap into their wonder and their ability to work together.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:09
Help me build this school.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง“๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
20:11
It will be called the School in the Cloud.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ•™๊ต"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
It will be a school where children go on these intellectual adventures
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์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
20:20
driven by the big questions which their mediators put in.
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์ž๊ทน๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ง€์ ์ธ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ๋‚˜์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:23
The way I want to do this
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
20:26
is to build a facility where I can study this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:30
It's a facility which is practically unmanned.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
There's only one granny
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋งŒ
20:35
who manages health and safety.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:37
The rest of it's from the cloud.
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„"์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
The lights are turned on and off by the cloud,
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"๊ตฌ๋ฆ„"์ด ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ์ผœ๊ณ  ๋„๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ
20:40
etc., etc., everything's done from the cloud.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„"์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
But I want you for another purpose.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:46
You can do Self-Organized Learning Environments
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„
20:48
at home, in the school, outside of school, in clubs.
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์ง‘์—์„œ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ, ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ–์—์„œ, ํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:53
It's very easy to do. There's a great document
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TED๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ
20:56
produced by TED which tells you how to do it.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
If you would please, please do it
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ๋ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
21:01
across all five continents
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:03
and send me the data,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
21:05
then I'll put it all together, move it into the School of Clouds,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ
21:09
and create the future of learning.
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๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
That's my wish.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
And just one last thing.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”.
21:15
I'll take you to the top of the Himalayas.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํžˆ๋ง๋ผ์•ผ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ชจ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
At 12,000 feet, where the air is thin,
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3,600๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋†’์ด์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋„ ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:21
I once built two Hole in the Wall computers,
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ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋ฒฝ์†์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ 2๋Œ€ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
21:24
and the children flocked there.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
And there was this little girl who was following me around.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:29
And I said to her, "You know, I want to give a computer to everybody, every child.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹จ๋‹ค.
21:33
I don't know, what should I do?"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ?"
21:36
And I was trying to take a picture of her quietly.
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์•„์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:40
She suddenly raised her hand like this, and said to me,
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ๋“ค๋”๋‹ˆ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
21:44
"Get on with it."
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"๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€."
21:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (์†๋ผ‰์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
21:58
I think it was good advice.
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์ข‹์€ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:59
I'll follow her advice. I'll stop talking.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
22:01
Thank you. Thank you very much.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:05
(Applause)
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(์†๋ผ‰์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
22:09
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์†๋ผ‰์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
22:18
Thank you very much. Wow. (Applause)
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™€. (์†๋ผ‰์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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