Sugata Mitra: Build a School in the Cloud

715,708 views ใƒป 2013-02-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Don Joy
00:16
What is going to be the future of learning?
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ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“?
00:21
I do have a plan,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
00:24
but in order for me to tell you what that plan is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ื”ื™ื,
00:27
I need to tell you a little story,
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ,
00:30
which kind of sets the stage.
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ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืงืฆืช ืจืงืข.
00:33
I tried to look at
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง
00:34
where did the kind of learning we do in schools,
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ืžืื™ืคื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
00:38
where did it come from?
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ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข?
00:40
And you can look far back into the past,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ,
00:43
but if you look at present-day schooling the way it is,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:46
it's quite easy to figure out where it came from.
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ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื™ืคื” ื–ื” ื‘ื.
00:50
It came from about 300 years ago,
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ 300 ืฉื ื”
00:54
and it came from the last
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
00:56
and the biggest of the empires on this planet. ["The British Empire"]
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ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•. ["ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช"]
00:59
Imagine trying to run the show,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
01:02
trying to run the entire planet,
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ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•
01:04
without computers, without telephones,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื,
01:08
with data handwritten on pieces of paper,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ,
01:12
and traveling by ships.
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ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช.
01:15
But the Victorians actually did it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”.
01:18
What they did was amazing.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆื - ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
01:21
They created a global computer
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™
01:24
made up of people.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืื ืฉื™ื.
01:27
It's still with us today.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:29
It's called the bureaucratic administrative machine.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื: ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช.
01:35
In order to have that machine running,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:38
you need lots and lots of people.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:41
They made another machine to produce those people:
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ืื– ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืฉืชื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”:
01:46
the school.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
01:49
The schools would produce the people
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:51
who would then become parts of the
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ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื—ืœืงื™ื
01:55
bureaucratic administrative machine.
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ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช.
01:59
They must be identical to each other.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
02:03
They must know three things:
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
02:05
They must have good handwriting, because the data is handwritten;
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืงืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ื“,
02:08
they must be able to read;
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืงืจื•ื,
02:10
and they must be able to do multiplication,
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ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืคืœ,
02:13
division, addition and subtraction in their head.
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ื—ื™ืœื•ืง, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ.
02:16
They must be so identical that you could pick one up from New Zealand
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ื–ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“
02:20
and ship them to Canada
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ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืงื ื“ื”,
02:22
and he would be instantly functional.
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ื•ืฉืขื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
02:26
The Victorians were great engineers.
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ื”ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื.
02:29
They engineered a system that was so robust
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ื”ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื™ืชืŸ,
02:33
that it's still with us today,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืชื ื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:35
continuously producing identical people
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ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื
02:39
for a machine that no longer exists.
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:44
The empire is gone,
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ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื”.
02:47
so what are we doing with that design
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
02:50
that produces these identical people,
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ืฉืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื?
02:52
and what are we going to do next
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ื•ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืœืื”,
02:55
if we ever are going to do anything else with it?
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ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?
02:59
["Schools as we know them are obsolete"]
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["ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื"]
03:01
So that's a pretty strong comment there.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ืขื ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื“.
03:03
I said schools as we know them now, they're obsolete.
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ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื - ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื.
03:06
I'm not saying they're broken.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื.
03:08
It's quite fashionable to say that the education system's broken.
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ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืงื•ืœืงืœืช.
03:11
It's not broken. It's wonderfully constructed.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœืช. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
03:15
It's just that we don't need it anymore. It's outdated.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช.
03:21
What are the kind of jobs that we have today?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื?
03:23
Well, the clerks are the computers.
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ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื.
03:25
They're there in thousands in every office.
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ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืœืคื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“.
03:28
And you have people who guide those computers
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:31
to do their clerical jobs.
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ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช.
03:34
Those people don't need to be able to write beautifully by hand.
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ื™ืคื”,
03:37
They don't need to be able to multiply numbers in their heads.
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ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื,
03:40
They do need to be able to read.
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ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืงืจื•ื -
03:42
In fact, they need to be able to read discerningly.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื•ื‘ื•ืจืจ.
03:46
Well, that's today, but we don't even know
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’
03:50
what the jobs of the future are going to look like.
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ืื™ืš ื™ืจืื• ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
03:52
We know that people will work from wherever they want,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
03:55
whenever they want, in whatever way they want.
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ืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
03:58
How is present-day schooling going to prepare them
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ื•ืื™ืš ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื
04:02
for that world?
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ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”?
04:05
Well, I bumped into this whole thing completely by accident.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช.
04:10
I used to teach people how to write computer programs
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ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืช
04:12
in New Delhi, 14 years ago.
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ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื“ืœื”ื™, ืœืคื ื™ 14 ืฉื ื”.
04:15
And right next to where I used to work, there was a slum.
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ื•ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืขื•ื ื™.
04:19
And I used to think, how on Earth are those kids
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:21
ever going to learn to write computer programs?
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ืื™ ืคืขื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืœืชื›ื ืช?
04:24
Or should they not?
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื–ืืช?
04:27
At the same time, we also had lots of parents,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื™ื,
04:29
rich people, who had computers,
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ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
04:32
and who used to tell me, "You know, my son,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ - "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
04:35
I think he's gifted,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื ืŸ
04:37
because he does wonderful things with computers.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข - ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘,
04:40
And my daughter -- oh, surely she is extra-intelligent."
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ื•ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ - ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“"
04:44
And so on. So I suddenly figured that,
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™,
04:46
how come all the rich people are having
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ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ
04:48
these extraordinarily gifted children?
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“?
04:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:52
What did the poor do wrong?
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ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
04:55
I made a hole in the boundary wall
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ืงื“ื—ืชื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจ
04:58
of the slum next to my office,
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ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™,
05:00
and stuck a computer inside it just to see what would happen
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ื•ืชืงืขืชื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”
05:03
if I gave a computer to children who never would have one,
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ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืื—ื“,
05:05
didn't know any English, didn't know what the Internet was.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
05:09
The children came running in.
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื• ื‘ืจื™ืฆื”,
05:10
It was three feet off the ground, and they said, "What is this?"
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื˜ืจ, ื•ืฉื•ืืœื• ืื•ืชื™: "ืžื” ื–ื”?"
05:12
And I said, "Yeah, it's, I don't know."
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข."
05:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:17
They said, "Why have you put it there?"
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• - "ืœืžื” ืฉืžืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื?"
05:20
I said, "Just like that."
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ื•ืขื ื™ืชื™ - "ื›ื›ื”."
05:21
And they said, "Can we touch it?"I said, "If you wish to."
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืืœื• - "ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื–ื”?" ื•ืขื ื™ืชื™ - "ื›ืŸ, ืื ื‘ื ืœื›ื."
05:24
And I went away.
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™.
05:26
About eight hours later,
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ -
05:28
we found them browsing and teaching each other how to browse.
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ.
05:31
So I said, "Well that's impossible, because --
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ - "ื–ื” ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™. ื”ืจื™ --
05:34
How is it possible? They don't know anything."
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช? ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื-ื“ื‘ืจ."
05:37
My colleagues said, "No, it's a simple solution.
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ืขืžื™ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจื• - "ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
05:40
One of your students must have been passing by,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ื˜ื— ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื,
05:43
showed them how to use the mouse."
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ื•ื”ืจืื” ืœื”ื ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ."
05:45
So I said, "Yeah, that's possible."
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ - "ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™."
05:46
So I repeated the experiment. I went 300 miles out of Delhi
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ืื– ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ - ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ 500 ืง"ืž ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื“ืœื”ื™
05:49
into a really remote village
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ืืœ ื›ืคืจ ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื•ื—ืง
05:51
where the chances of a passing software development engineer
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ืฉืฉื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืง
05:55
was very little. (Laughter)
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ืžืื“ ืงื˜ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:00
I repeated the experiment there.
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉื.
06:02
There was no place to stay, so I stuck my computer in,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื™ืคื” ืœืœื•ืŸ, ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืงืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ืจ
06:05
I went away, came back after a couple of months,
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™, ื•ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื,
06:07
found kids playing games on it.
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื.
06:08
When they saw me, they said,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืจืื• ืื•ืชื™, ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ -
06:09
"We want a faster processor and a better mouse."
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘."
06:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:16
So I said, "How on Earth do you know all this?"
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ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื, "ืื™ืš ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”?"
06:20
And they said something very interesting to me.
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:22
In an irritated voice, they said,
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ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืืžืจื• -
06:24
"You've given us a machine that works only in English,
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"ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืจืง ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
06:26
so we had to teach ourselves English in order to use it." (Laughter)
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”." (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:32
That's the first time, as a teacher,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืžื•ืจื”
06:34
that I had heard the word "teach ourselves" said so casually.
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ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ 'ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•' ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื’ื‘ื™ืช.
06:39
Here's a short glimpse from those years.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืฆืฆื” ืงืฆืจื” ืœืื•ืชื ื”ืฉื ื™ื. [ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ืช: ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจ, ืฉื ืช 1999]
06:43
That's the first day at the Hole in the Wall.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”'ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื™ืจ'
06:46
On your right is an eight-year-old.
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ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื”,
06:48
To his left is his student. She's six.
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ื•ืœืฉืžืืœื• - ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 6.
06:54
And he's teaching her how to browse.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ.
06:57
Then onto other parts of the country,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
07:01
I repeated this over and over again,
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
07:03
getting exactly the same results that we were.
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
07:06
["Hole in the wall film - 1999"]
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[ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ืช: ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจ, 1999]
07:10
An eight-year-old telling his elder sister what to do.
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ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื—ื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:19
And finally a girl explaining in Marathi what it is,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืคืช 'ืžืืจืืชื™' ืžื” ื–ื”
07:25
and said, "There's a processor inside."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช "ื™ืฉ ืžืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื."
07:29
So I started publishing.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืคืจืกื.
07:32
I published everywhere. I wrote down and measured everything,
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ืคืจืกืžืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื•ืžื“ื“ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ,
07:34
and I said, in nine months, a group of children
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™: "ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
07:36
left alone with a computer in any language
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ืฉืžื•ืฉืืจืช ืœื‘ื“ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืคื”,
07:39
will reach the same standard as an office secretary in the West.
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ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘."
07:43
I'd seen it happen over and over and over again.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
07:48
But I was curious to know, what else would they do
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืชืงืจื ืชื™ ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื•
07:51
if they could do this much?
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ืื ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
07:53
I started experimenting with other subjects,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืขื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
07:56
among them, for example, pronunciation.
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ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื - ืœืžืฉืœ - ืžื‘ื˜ื.
07:59
There's one community of children in southern India
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•
08:01
whose English pronunciation is really bad,
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ืฉื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืจืข,
08:04
and they needed good pronunciation because that would improve their jobs.
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื
08:07
I gave them a speech-to-text engine in a computer,
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ื ืชืชื™ ืœื”ื ืžืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ-ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘,
08:12
and I said, "Keep talking into it until it types what you say."
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื - "ื“ื‘ืจื• ืืœื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื."
08:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:19
They did that, and watch a little bit of this.
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืงืฆืช ืžื–ื”.
08:25
Computer: Nice to meet you.Child: Nice to meet you.
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ืžื—ืฉื‘: "ื ืขื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชืš." ื™ืœื“: "ื ืขื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชืš."
08:30
Sugata Mitra: The reason I ended with the face
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ืžื™ื˜ืจื”: ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื
08:32
of this young lady over there is because I suspect many of you know her.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
08:36
She has now joined a call center in Hyderabad
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืžื•ืงื“ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื“ืจื‘ืื“
08:40
and may have tortured you about your credit card bills
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืขื™ื ืชื” ืืชื›ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื›ื
08:44
in a very clear English accent.
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ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง.
08:49
So then people said, well, how far will it go?
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ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš?
08:54
Where does it stop?
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ืื™ืคื” ื–ื” ื™ืขืฆืจ?
08:55
I decided I would destroy my own argument
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™
08:59
by creating an absurd proposition.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ื™ืช.
09:01
I made a hypothesis, a ridiculous hypothesis.
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ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช.
09:05
Tamil is a south Indian language, and I said,
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ื˜ืืžื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืคื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™
09:07
can Tamil-speaking children in a south Indian village
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ื”ืื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™-ื˜ืืžื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•
09:09
learn the biotechnology of DNA replication in English
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ DNA ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
09:13
from a streetside computer?
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ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ ืงื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘?
09:15
And I said, I'll measure them. They'll get a zero.
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ืืžืจืชื™ - "ืื ื™ ืืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื, ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืคืก ืขื’ื•ืœ,
09:17
I'll spend a couple of months, I'll leave it for a couple of months,
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ืื ื™ ืืงื“ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
09:20
I'll go back, they'll get another zero.
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ืื ื™ ืืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืืคืก.
09:23
I'll go back to the lab and say, we need teachers.
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ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ืื›ืจื™ื– - 'ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื™ื'."
09:27
I found a village. It was called Kallikuppam in southern India.
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ืคืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืงืืœื™ื•ืงื•ืคื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•.
09:31
I put in Hole in the Wall computers there,
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ืฉืžืชื™ ืฉื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ "ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจ",
09:34
downloaded all kinds of stuff from the Internet about DNA replication,
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ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ DNA,
09:37
most of which I didn't understand.
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ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™.
09:41
The children came rushing, said, "What's all this?"
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื• ื‘ืจื™ืฆื”, ื•ืืžืจื• - "ืžื” ื–ื”?"
09:44
So I said, "It's very topical, very important. But it's all in English."
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ - "ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช".
09:49
So they said, "How can we understand such big English words
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืืœื• "ืื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
09:52
and diagrams and chemistry?"
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ื•ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื”?"
09:54
So by now, I had developed a new pedagogical method,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
09:57
so I applied that. I said, "I haven't the foggiest idea."
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ืื– ื™ื™ืฉืžืชื™ ืื•ืชื”. ืืžืจืชื™: "ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’
10:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:03
"And anyway, I am going away."
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ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•."
10:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:10
So I left them for a couple of months.
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ืื– ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื.
10:14
They'd got a zero. I gave them a test.
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ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืคืก. ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื.
10:17
I came back after two months
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ื•ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื,
10:18
and the children trooped in and said, "We've understood nothing."
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื™: "ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื• ื›ืœื•ื."
10:21
So I said, "Well, what did I expect?"
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™: "ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™?"
10:23
So I said, "Okay, but how long did it take you
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ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ "ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื— ืœื›ื
10:27
before you decided that you can't understand anything?"
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื?"
10:30
So they said, "We haven't given up.
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• - "ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื™ืชืจื ื•.
10:32
We look at it every single day."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื."
10:34
So I said, "What? You don't understand these screens
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ - "ืžื”? ืืชื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
10:37
and you keep staring at it for two months? What for?"
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ื•ืืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื? ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื”?"
10:39
So a little girl who you see just now,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
10:42
she raised her hand, and she says to me in broken Tamil and English,
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ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืืžืจื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื˜ืžื™ืœื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื”,
10:44
she said, "Well, apart from the fact that
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” - "ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
10:47
improper replication of the DNA molecule causes disease,
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ืฉืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ืงืœื•ืงืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช DNA ื’ื•ืจื ืžื—ืœื•ืช,
10:50
we haven't understood anything else."
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ".
10:52
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:58
So I tested them.
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ืื– ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื.
11:02
I got an educational impossibility, zero to 30 percent
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชื•ืฆืื” ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืž-0% ืœ-30%
11:05
in two months in the tropical heat
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ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™
11:08
with a computer under the tree in a language they didn't know
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ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื™ื–ื” ืขืฅ, ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื•
11:11
doing something that's a decade ahead of their time.
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ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ.
11:14
Absurd. But I had to follow the Victorian norm.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ื”ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช.
11:20
Thirty percent is a fail.
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30% ื–ื” ื ื›ืฉืœ.
11:23
How do I get them to pass? I have to get them 20 more marks.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ? ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ื“ 20 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.
11:26
I couldn't find a teacher. What I did find was a friend that they had,
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ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื,
11:31
a 22-year-old girl who was an accountant
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ืžื ื”ืœืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืช 22
11:33
and she played with them all the time.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืงื” ืื™ืชื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
11:36
So I asked this girl, "Can you help them?"
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ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” - "ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื?"
11:38
So she says, "Absolutely not.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” - "ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื.
11:40
I didn't have science in school. I have no idea
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ืœื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’
11:43
what they're doing under that tree all day long. I can't help you."
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ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืขืฅ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš."
11:48
I said, "I'll tell you what. Use the method of the grandmother."
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ืืžืจืชื™ - "ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ืžื”: ืชืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืกื‘ืชื."
11:52
So she says, "What's that?"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” - "ืžื” ื–ื”?"
11:53
I said, "Stand behind them.
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ - "ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืขืžื“ื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื,
11:55
Whenever they do anything, you just say,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืชื’ื™ื“ื™ -
11:56
'Well, wow, I mean, how did you do that?
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'ื•ื•ืื•! ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื”?
11:59
What's the next page? Gosh, when I was your age, I could have never done that.'
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ืžื” ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื? ืื•ืš, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื›ื, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.'
12:02
You know what grannies do."
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ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืžื” ืฉืกื‘ืชื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช."
12:05
So she did that for two more months.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื
12:07
The scores jumped to 50 percent.
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ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืงืคืฅ ืœ-50%.
12:10
Kallikuppam had caught up
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ืงืืœื™ืงื•ืคื ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ
12:12
with my control school in New Delhi,
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ืžื•ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื“ืœื”ื™,
12:14
a rich private school with a trained biotechnology teacher.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืขื ืžื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
12:18
When I saw that graph I knew there is a way to level the playing field.
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ื•ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ.
12:23
Here's Kallikuppam.
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ื”ื ื” ืงืืœื™ืงื•ืคื.
12:25
(Children speaking) Neurons ... communication.
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(ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื) ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ... ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
12:33
I got the camera angle wrong. That one is just amateur stuff,
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ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื‘ื–ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื,
12:37
but what she was saying, as you could make out,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจืช - ืื ืฉืžืขืชื,
12:39
was about neurons, with her hands were like that,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ "ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื" - ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ื›ื” -
12:42
and she was saying neurons communicate.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” - ''ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื''
12:45
At 12.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 12.
12:49
So what are jobs going to be like?
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ืื–, ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช?
12:52
Well, we know what they're like today.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
12:54
What's learning going to be like? We know what it's like today,
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ื•ืžื”ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช? ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
12:57
children pouring over with their mobile phones on the one hand
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ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ื“
13:00
and then reluctantly going to school to pick up their books with their other hand.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
13:03
What will it be tomorrow?
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ื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืจ?
13:07
Could it be that we don't need to go to school at all?
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ื”ืื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
13:12
Could it be that, at the point in time when you need to know something,
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ื”ืื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉื”ื•,
13:16
you can find out in two minutes?
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช?
13:19
Could it be -- a devastating question,
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ื”ืื ื™ืชื›ืŸ - ื•ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช -
13:23
a question that was framed for me by Nicholas Negroponte --
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- ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ื•ืกื—ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ืœืก ื ื’ืจื•ืคื•ื ื˜ -
13:26
could it be that we are heading towards or maybe in
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ื”ืื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช
13:29
a future where knowing is obsolete?
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ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• - ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช?
13:32
But that's terrible. We are homo sapiens.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืจื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืžื•-ืกืคื™ืื ืก.
13:35
Knowing, that's what distinguishes us from the apes.
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ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื.
13:39
But look at it this way.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืš
13:41
It took nature 100 million years
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ืœืงื— ืœื˜ื‘ืข 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”
13:43
to make the ape stand up
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“
13:45
and become Homo sapiens.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื•ืžื•-ืกืคื™ืื ืก.
13:47
It took us only 10,000 to make knowing obsolete.
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ื•ืœื ื• ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืจืง 10,000 ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืœืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช.
13:51
What an achievement that is.
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ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื–ื”.
13:53
But we have to integrate that into our own future.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:57
Encouragement seems to be the key.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื—.
14:00
If you look at Kuppam,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืงื•ืคื,
14:02
if you look at all of the experiments that I did,
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ืื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™,
14:04
it was simply saying, "Wow," saluting learning.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ "ื•ื•ืื•" - ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื“ืขื” ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”.
14:11
There is evidence from neuroscience.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื—.
14:14
The reptilian part of our brain, which sits in the center of our brain,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื–ื•ื—ืœ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ื—,
14:17
when it's threatened, it shuts down everything else,
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ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื - ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœ,
14:21
it shuts down the prefrontal cortex, the parts which learn,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ื ื” ื”ืงื“ื-ืžืฆื—ื™ืช - ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืœื•ืžื“,
14:24
it shuts all of that down.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
14:27
Punishment and examinations are seen as threats.
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ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ืชืคืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืื™ื•ื.
14:31
We take our children, we make them shut their brains down,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—,
14:35
and then we say, "Perform."
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื - "ืชื‘ืฆืขื•".
14:38
Why did they create a system like that?
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ืœืžื” ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื–ื•?
14:41
Because it was needed.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš.
14:43
There was an age in the Age of Empires
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื•ืช
14:45
when you needed those people who can survive under threat.
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ืฉื ื–ืงืงืชื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื.
14:50
When you're standing in a trench all alone,
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ื›ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืœื‘ื“ืš ื‘ืฉื•ื—ื”,
14:52
if you could have survived, you're okay, you've passed.
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ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“ - ืืชื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืขื‘ืจืช.
14:56
If you didn't, you failed.
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ืื ืœื - ื ื›ืฉืœืช.
14:59
But the Age of Empires is gone.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืืžืคืจื™ื•ืช ืชื.
15:02
What happens to creativity in our age?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื•?
15:05
We need to shift that balance back
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ืขืœื ื• ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
15:08
from threat to pleasure.
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ืžืื™ื•ื - ืœืชืขื ื•ื’.
15:12
I came back to England looking for British grandmothers.
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
15:16
I put out notices in papers saying,
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ืฉืžืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืฉืื•ืžืจื•ืช:
15:19
if you are a British grandmother, if you have broadband and a web camera,
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"ืื ืืช ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžืฆืœืžืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ -
15:22
can you give me one hour of your time per week for free?
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ื”ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื?"
15:25
I got 200 in the first two weeks.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ 200 ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
15:27
I know more British grandmothers than anyone in the universe. (Laughter)
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:32
They're called the Granny Cloud.
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืŸ "ืขื ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืชื•ืช."
15:36
The Granny Cloud sits on the Internet.
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"ืขื ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืชื•ืช" ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
15:38
If there's a child in trouble, we beam a Gran.
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืฆืจื” - ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื’ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืกื‘ืชื.
15:42
She goes on over Skype and she sorts things out.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืกืงื™ื™ืค, ื•ืžืกื“ืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
15:46
I've seen them do it from a village called Diggles
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื™ื–ื” ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืฉื ื“ื™ื’ืœืก
15:49
in northwestern England,
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ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
15:51
deep inside a village in Tamil Nadu, India,
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ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื›ืคืจ ื˜ืžื™ืœ-ื ืื ื“ื• ื”ื•ื“ื™
15:55
6,000 miles away.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 6000 ืžื™ืœื™ื.
15:57
She does it with only one age-old gesture.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกื“ืจืช ื”ื›ืœ ืขื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ืื—ืช:
16:01
"Shhh."
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"ืฉืฉืฉืฉ..."
16:02
Okay?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™?
16:05
Watch this.
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ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื–ื”:
16:07
Grandmother: You can't catch me. You say it.
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ื”ืกื‘ืชื: ืœื ืชืชืคืกื• ืื•ืชื™. ืชื’ื™ื“ื•.
16:11
You can't catch me.
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ื”ืกื‘ืชื: ืœื ืชืชืคืกื• ืื•ืชื™.
16:15
Children: You can't catch me.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื: ืœื ืชืชืคืกื• ืื•ืชื™.
16:18
Grandmother: I'm the Gingerbread Man.Children: I'm the Gingerbread Man.
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ื”ืกื‘ืชื: ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ืขื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื: ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ืขื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื–ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ
16:23
Grandmother: Well done! Very good.
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ื”ืกื‘ืชื: ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“! ื™ืคื” ืžืื“.
16:28
SM: So what's happening here?
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ืžื™ื˜ืจื”: ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”?
16:30
I think what we need to look at is
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ
16:32
we need to look at learning
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ืขืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื”,
16:34
as the product of educational self-organization.
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช.
16:39
If you allow the educational process to self-organize,
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ืื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
16:42
then learning emerges.
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- ืื• ืื– ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
16:44
It's not about making learning happen.
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช,
16:47
It's about letting it happen.
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ืืœื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
16:49
The teacher sets the process in motion
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ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืžืชื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
16:52
and then she stands back in awe
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื ืขืžื“ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช
16:55
and watches as learning happens.
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช.
16:57
I think that's what all this is pointing at.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืžื›ืœ ื–ื”.
17:00
But how will we know? How will we come to know?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ื ื“ืข? ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืœื”?
17:03
Well, I intend to build
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
17:05
these Self-Organized Learning Environments.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช (ืกืœ"ื‘).
17:08
They are basically broadband, collaboration
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ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”
17:12
and encouragement put together.
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ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
17:14
I've tried this in many, many schools.
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ.
17:16
It's been tried all over the world, and teachers
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืกื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื
17:18
sort of stand back and say, "It just happens by itself?"
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ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: "ื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื•?"
17:22
And I said, "Yeah, it happens by itself.""How did you know that?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ - "ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื•." "ืื™ืš ื™ื“ืขืช?"
17:25
I said, "You won't believe the children who told me
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ - "ืœื ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืžื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื™,
17:29
and where they're from."
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ื•ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื".
17:31
Here's a SOLE in action.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืกืœ"ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
17:34
(Children talking)
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(ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื)
17:40
This one is in England.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”.
17:47
He maintains law and order,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืง ื•ืกื“ืจ,
17:50
because remember, there's no teacher around.
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ื›ื™ ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
18:01
Girl: The total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons -- SM: Australia
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ื™ืœื“ื”: ืกืš ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืกืš ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืจื”: ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”
18:05
Girl: -- giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
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ื™ืœื“ื”: ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกืš ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
18:11
The net charge on an ion is equal to the number of protons
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ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื
18:15
in the ion minus the number of electrons.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื.
18:18
SM: A decade ahead of her time.
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ืžื™ื˜ืจื”: ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ.
18:21
So SOLEs, I think we need a curriculum of big questions.
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ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืกืœ"ื‘ ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
18:25
You already heard about that. You know what that means.
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ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.
18:27
There was a time when Stone Age men and women
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ
18:31
used to sit and look up at the sky and say,
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืžืขืœื” ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืืžืจื•
18:33
"What are those twinkling lights?"
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"ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?"
18:35
They built the first curriculum, but we've lost sight of those wondrous questions.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืžื’ืข ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
18:40
We've brought it down to the tangent of an angle.
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ื”ื•ืจื“ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื˜ื ื’ื ืก ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื™ืช.
18:44
But that's not sexy enough.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืกืงืกื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง.
18:48
The way you would put it to a nine-year-old is to say,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืชืฉืข ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ
18:51
"If a meteorite was coming to hit the Earth,
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"ืื ืžื˜ืื•ืจ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
18:54
how would you figure out if it was going to or not?"
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ืื™ืš ืชื“ืข ืื ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื™ืคื’ืข ืื• ืœื?"
18:57
And if he says, "Well, what? how?"
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ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ "ืžื”? ืื™ืš?"
19:00
you say, "There's a magic word. It's called the tangent of an angle,"
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ืื– ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœืช ืงืกื, ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื˜ื ื’ื ืก ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื™ืช,"
19:03
and leave him alone. He'll figure it out.
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ื•ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื–ื” - ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“.
19:06
So here are a couple of images from SOLEs.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืœ"ื‘.
19:10
I've tried incredible, incredible questions --
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ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช --
19:16
"When did the world begin? How will it end?" โ€”
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"ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ? ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืžืจ?"
19:20
to nine-year-olds.
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ืœื‘ื ื™ ืชืฉืข.
19:22
This one is about what happens to the air we breathe.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ "ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื."
19:25
This is done by children without the help of any teacher.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœืœื ืขื–ืจืช ืžื•ืจื™ื.
19:30
The teacher only raises the question,
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ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”,
19:32
and then stands back and admires the answer.
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ื•ืื– ื ืกื•ื’ ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ื•ืžืชืคืขืœ ืžื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
19:36
So what's my wish?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™?
19:40
My wish is
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ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื
19:42
that we design the future of learning.
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ืฉื ืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
19:46
We don't want to be spare parts
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ
19:48
for a great human computer, do we?
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ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืขื ืง, ื”ืœื ื›ืŸ?
19:51
So we need to design a future for learning.
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ืื– ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”.
19:54
And I've got to -- hang on,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš -- ืจื’ืข,
19:56
I've got to get this wording exactly right,
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ืขืœื™ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื,
19:59
because, you know, it's very important.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
20:01
My wish is to help design a future of learning
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ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื”
20:04
by supporting children all over the world
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
20:06
to tap into their wonder and their ability to work together.
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ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ืื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
20:09
Help me build this school.
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ืขื–ืจื• ืœื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.
20:11
It will be called the School in the Cloud.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจื - ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืขื ืŸ.
20:14
It will be a school where children go on these intellectual adventures
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช
20:20
driven by the big questions which their mediators put in.
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ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืขืœื™ื.
20:23
The way I want to do this
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
20:26
is to build a facility where I can study this.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืชืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
20:30
It's a facility which is practically unmanned.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชืงืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ื™ื™ืฉ.
20:33
There's only one granny
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืกื‘ืชื ืื—ืช
20:35
who manages health and safety.
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ืฉื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.
20:37
The rest of it's from the cloud.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืขื ืŸ.
20:38
The lights are turned on and off by the cloud,
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ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื ืื• ื ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืขื ืŸ,
20:40
etc., etc., everything's done from the cloud.
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ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•', ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืขื ืŸ.
20:42
But I want you for another purpose.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืชื›ื ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืจืช.
20:46
You can do Self-Organized Learning Environments
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช-ืขืฆืžื™ืช
20:48
at home, in the school, outside of school, in clubs.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ื.
20:53
It's very easy to do. There's a great document
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ื–ื” ืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื™ืฉ ืžืกืžืš ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš
20:56
produced by TED which tells you how to do it.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ TED ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
20:57
If you would please, please do it
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื - ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”
21:01
across all five continents
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช
21:03
and send me the data,
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ื•ืชืฉืœื—ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
21:05
then I'll put it all together, move it into the School of Clouds,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืขื ืŸ,
21:09
and create the future of learning.
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ื•ืืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
21:12
That's my wish.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
21:14
And just one last thing.
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ื•ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
21:15
I'll take you to the top of the Himalayas.
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ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”.
21:18
At 12,000 feet, where the air is thin,
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 12,000 ืจื’ืœ, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื“ืœื™ืœ,
21:21
I once built two Hole in the Wall computers,
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ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืคืขื ืฆืžื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื 'ื”ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื™ืจ',
21:24
and the children flocked there.
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื• ืฉื.
21:26
And there was this little girl who was following me around.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
21:29
And I said to her, "You know, I want to give a computer to everybody, every child.
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”, "ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“.
21:33
I don't know, what should I do?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžื” ืขืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?"
21:36
And I was trying to take a picture of her quietly.
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืฆืœื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
21:40
She suddenly raised her hand like this, and said to me,
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ื”ื™ื ืœืคืชืข ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื™ื“ื” ืืœื™ ื›ื›ื”, ื•ืืžืจื” ืœื™:
21:44
"Get on with it."
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"ืื– ืงื“ื™ืžื”."
21:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:58
I think it was good advice.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืฆื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
21:59
I'll follow her advice. I'll stop talking.
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ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืช ื”ืขืฆื” ื”ื–ื•. ืื ื™ ืืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
22:01
Thank you. Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
22:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
22:09
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
22:18
Thank you very much. Wow. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื. ื•ื•ืื•. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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