Impossible photography | Erik Johansson

翻译人员: Ting Huang 校对人员: Zhiyi Chen

I'm here to share my photography.

今天我想在此跟大家分享一下我的摄影作品

Or is it photography?

或者说，这张也是摄影作品么？

Because, of course, this is a photograph

因为，这显然是一张照片

that you can't take with your camera.

但却是你用相机拍不出来的

Yet, my interest in photography started

然而，我对摄影的兴趣

as I got my first digital camera

始于我拿到第一个数码相机后

at the age of 15.

那时候我15岁

It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing,

这里面夹杂了我之前对绘画的热爱

but it was a bit different,

但是有一点不一样

because using the camera,

因为使用照相机的时候

the process was in the planning instead.

整个过程已经提前计划好了

And when you take a photograph with a camera,

当你拿起相机拍照

the process ends when you press the trigger.

当你摁下快门的时候整个过程也就结束了

So to me it felt like photography was more about

所以在我看来摄影更注重

being at the right place and the right time.

适当的拍摄地点和时间

I felt like anyone could do that.

我觉得任何人都可以做这件事

So I wanted to create something different,

所以我想做点特别的

something where the process starts

特别之处就在于当你摁下快门时

when you press the trigger.

整个过程才刚刚开始

Photos like this:

比如这张照片（展现的是）：

construction going on along a busy road.

一条繁忙的公路旁边正在进行施工

But it has an unexpected twist.

（题材平凡，）但手法出人意料

And despite that,

尽管如此

it retains a level of realism.

它仍然保留了一份现实主义感

Or photos like these --

或者像这样的照片

both dark and colorful,

既有暗色也有彩色

but all with a common goal

但是其目的都是

of retaining the level of realism.

为了保留一份现实主义感

When I say realism,

我说的现实主义

I mean photo-realism.

指的是照片的现实主义

Because, of course,

因为这的确

it's not something you can capture really,

不是你可以真正抓住的东西

but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow

但是我总想让它看起来像是可以用某种方式

as a photograph.

被抓拍下来一样

Photos where you will need a brief moment to think

这些照片需要你能够快速

to figure out the trick.

找出它们背后的技巧

So it's more about capturing an idea

所以更注重的是捕捉一个灵感

than about capturing a moment really.

而不是捕捉一个真实存在的瞬间

But what's the trick

但是使这些照片看起来

that makes it look realistic?

很写实的技巧是什么呢？

Is it something about the details

是关于细节？

or the colors?

还是关于色彩？

Is it something about the light?

还是关于光线？

What creates the illusion?

是什么促成了这种幻觉？

Sometimes the perspective is the illusion.

有时候不同的视角造成不同的幻觉

But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world

但最终，还是要归结于我们如何理解这个世界

and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface.

以及这种理解如何在一个二维空间得以体现

It's not really what is realistic,

这并不是关于什么是真的

it's what we think looks realistic really.

而是关于我们认为什么看起来像是真的

So I think the basics

所以我认为这些基本原理

are quite simple.

其实很简单

I just see it as a puzzle of reality

我把它看做是现实世界的一个拼图

where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together

在这里你可以把现实世界的不同片段拼凑起来

to create alternate reality.

创造另一种真实

And let me show you a simple example.

让我来举个简单的例子

Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects,

这里有三个完全可想象到并真实存在的物体

something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world.

我们可以在现实的三维世界里找到它们

But combined in a certain way,

但若将这些物体用某种方式组合起来

they can create something that still looks three-dimensional,

就可以创造出视觉上依然是三维的物体

like it could exist.

就好像它是会存在的

But at the same time, we know it can't.

但是同时我们很清楚它不可能存在

So we trick our brains,

就这样我们骗了自己的大脑

because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact

因为大脑就是不肯接受

that it doesn't really make sense.

这个物体其实并不存在这一事实

And I see the same process

组合照片

with combining photographs.

也是如此

It's just really about combining different realities.

确实只是把不同的现实画面组合起来

So the things that make a photograph look realistic,

所以使一张照片看起来逼真的事物

I think it's the things that we don't even think about,

是那些我们平时甚至不会去想

the things all around us in our daily lives.

但在日常生活中随处可见的东西

But when combining photographs,

但是当我们组合照片的时候

this is really important to consider,

这点就值得我们着重思考了

because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow.

否则它看起来就会别扭

So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow

我想说的是我们要遵守三个简单的原则

to achieve a realistic result.

为了达到一个逼真的效果

As you can see, these images aren't really special.

你们看，这些图像并不特别

But combined, they can create something like this.

但是组合起来，它们就可以创造出这样的画面

So the first rule is that photos combined

所以第一原则就是所有被组合的照片

should have the same perspective.

都展现同样的视角

Secondly, photos combined

第二，被组合的照片

should have the same type of light.

还要有相同的光线

And these two images both fulfill these two requirements --

这两张照片都符合这两样要求

shot at the same height and in the same type of light.

它们都摄于相同的拍摄高度和相同的光线下

The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish

第三个原则是要让人难以分辨

where the different images begin and end

这些不同照片的衔接点

by making it seamless.

使衔接看起来天衣无缝

Make it impossible to say

使任何人都道不出

how the image actually was composed.

这图片是如何创作而成的

So by matching color, contrast and brightness

通过匹配不同照片边缘的

in the borders between the different images,

色彩，对比度以及亮度

adding photographic defects

再加入一下摄影瑕疵

like depth of field,

比如视野的深度

desaturated colors and noise,

去饱和的色彩和噪音

we erase the borders between the different images

我们可以除去不同照片之间的边界

and make it look like one single image,

使其看起来就像是一张单一的照片

despite the fact that one image

即使一张照片

can contain hundreds of layers basically.

可包含上百个图层

So here's another example.

这里还有一个例子

(Laughter)

（笑声）

One might think that this is just an image of a landscape

有人可能认为这只是一张风景图

and the lower part is what's manipulated.

下面的部分是处理过的

But this image is actually entirely composed

但是这张照片其实整个都是

of photographs from different locations.

由不同地方拍摄的很多照片组合起来的

I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place

我个人认为创造一个地方比找到一个地方

than to find a place,

要容易一些

because then you don't need to compromise

因为你不用

with the ideas in your head.

与自己大脑的想法妥协

But it does require a lot of planning.

但是这确实需要很多规划

And getting this idea during winter,

去年冬天产生这个想法时

I knew that I had several months to plan it,

我知道我有几个月的时间去规划这件事

to find the different locations

基本上要到不同的地点

for the pieces of the puzzle basically.

找这一拼图所需的图片

So for example,

比如

the fish was captured on a fishing trip.

这条鱼摄于一次垂钓航行

The shores are from a different location.

海岸拍摄于另一个地点

The underwater part was captured in a stone pit.

水下的部分摄于一个采石场

And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red

对了，我还把岛上的房子调成红色的了

to make it look more Swedish.

使它看起来更具瑞典风

So to achieve a realistic result,

为了达到一个逼真的效果

I think it comes down to planning.

我认为最重要的就是规划

It always starts with a sketch, an idea.

总是会先出现一个大概的构思和想法

Then it's about combining the different photographs.

然后就是组合不同的照片

And here every piece is very well planned.

这里每一个图片都是经过仔细规划的

And if you do a good job capturing the photos,

如果你能抓拍到很好的照片，

the result can be quite beautiful

效果会很美。

and also quite realistic.

而且也很逼真

So all the tools are out there,

所以其实所有的工具都在那

and the only thing that limits us

唯一限制我们的

is our imagination.

是我们的想象力

Thank you.

谢谢大家

(Applause)

（掌声）