How to escape education's death valley | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

Hvala vam.

Thank you very much.

I moved to America 12 years ago with my wife Terry and our two kids.

Doselio sam se u Ameriku pre 12 godina

sa suprugom Teri i našom decom.

Actually, truthfully, we moved to Los Angeles --

Zapravo, doselili smo se u Los Anđeles - (Smeh)

(Laughter)

thinking we were moving to America, but anyway --

misleći da se selimo u Ameriku,

ali dobro, avionom se brzo stigne iz Los Anđelesa

(Laughter)

It's a short plane ride from Los Angeles to America.

u Ameriku.

(Laughter)

Došao sam pre 12 godina

I got here 12 years ago,

and when I got here, I was told various things,

i kada sam stigao, govorili su mi razne stvari,

like, "Americans don't get irony."

recimo: "Amerikanci ne shvataju ironiju."

(Laughter)

Have you come across this idea?

Jeste li čuli ovo nekad?

It's not true.

Nije istina. Proputovao sam ovu zemlju uzduž i popreko.

I've traveled the whole length and breadth of this country.

Nisam našao dokaz da Amerikanci ne shvataju ironiju.

I have found no evidence that Americans don't get irony.

It's one of those cultural myths,

To je jedan od onih kulturnih mitova,

like, "The British are reserved."

kao "Britanci su povučeni".

(Laughter)

I don't know why people think this.

Ne znam zašto ljudi to misle.

We've invaded every country we've encountered.

Napali smo svaku zemlju na koju smo naišli.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But it's not true Americans don't get irony,

Ali nije tačno da Amerikanci ne shvataju ironiju,

but I just want you to know that that's what people

samo hoću da vam kažem da to ljudi

are saying about you behind your back.

govore o vama iza vaših leđa.

You know, so when you leave living rooms in Europe,

Tako da, kad izađete iz dnevne sobe u Evropi,

people say, thankfully, nobody was ironic in your presence.

ljudi kažu - hvala bogu, niko nije bio ironičan u vašem prisustvu.

(Laughter)

Postalo mi je jasno da Amerikanci shvataju ironiju

But I knew that Americans get irony

when I came across that legislation, "No Child Left Behind."

kad sam naišao na Zakon za decu sa posebnim potrebama ("Nijedno dete izostavljeno").

(Laughter)

Because whoever thought of that title gets irony.

Ko god da je smislio taj naziv, shvata ironiju,

(Laughter)

Don't they?

zar ne, pošto -

(Applause)

(Smeh) (Aplauz) -

Because it's leaving millions of children behind.

pošto su milioni dece izostavljeni.

Now I can see that's not a very attractive name for legislation:

Jasno mi je da ovo nije privlačan naziv za zakon:

"Millions of Children Left Behind."

Milioni dece izostavljeni. To mi je jasno.

I can see that.

What's the plan?

Kakav je plan? Pa, predložimo

We propose to leave millions of children behind,

da izostavimo milione dece

i evo kako će to funkcionisati.

and here's how it's going to work.

I odlično funkcioniše.

And it's working beautifully.

(Laughter)

In some parts of the country,

U nekim delovima države,

60 percent of kids drop out of high school.

60 odsto dece se ispiše iz srednje škole.

In the Native American communities,

U američkim zajednicama starosedelaca

it's 80 percent of kids.

radi se o 80 posto dece.

If we halved that number,

Ako bi se taj broj prepolovio, procenjuje se

one estimate is it would create a net gain to the U.S. economy

da bi neto dobitak za američku ekonomiju

over 10 years, of nearly a trillion dollars.

u periodu od 10 godina bio skoro bilion dolara.

Sa ekonomskog stanovišta,

From an economic point of view,

this is good math, isn't it, that we should do this?

ovo je dobar proračun, zar ne, ako bismo ovo uradili?

It actually costs an enormous amount

Ogromna je cena

to mop up the damage from the dropout crisis.

otklanjanja štete usled krize napuštanja škole.

But the dropout crisis is just the tip of an iceberg.

Ali napuštanje škole samo je vrh ledenog brega.

What it doesn't count are all the kids who are in school

Tu nisu uračunata sva ona deca koja su u školi

but being disengaged from it, who don't enjoy it,

ali ih ona ne interesuje, ne uživaju,

who don't get any real benefit from it.

ne dobijaju nikakvu stvarnu korist od nje.

And the reason is not that we're not spending enough money.

Razlog za to

nije što ne trošimo dovoljno novca.

America spends more money on education than most other countries.

Amerika troši više novca na obrazovanje

od većine drugih država.

Class sizes are smaller than in many countries.

Odeljenja su manja nego u mnogim državama.

And there are hundreds of initiatives every year

Svake godine pokrene se na stotine inicijativa

to try and improve education.

ne bi li se poboljšalo obrazovanje.

The trouble is, it's all going in the wrong direction.

Problem je što sve ide u pogrešnom smeru.

There are three principles on which human life flourishes,

Postoje tri principa

koji podstiču razvoj ljudskog života,

and they are contradicted by the culture of education

a njima je potpuno suprotna kultura obrazovanja

under which most teachers have to labor

u kojoj većina nastavnika mora naporno da radi,

and most students have to endure.

a većina učenika da trpi.

Pre svega, ljudska bića

The first is this, that human beings are naturally different and diverse.

su prirodno različita i raznovrsna.

Can I ask you, how many of you have got children of your own?

Da vas pitam, koliko vas

ima svoju decu?

Okay. Or grandchildren.

Dobro. A unučad?

How about two children or more? Right.

Dvoje ili više dece? U redu.

And the rest of you have seen such children.

A vi ostali ste takvu decu videli.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Small people wandering about.

Mali ljudi koji se šetkaju okolo.

(Laughter)

I will make you a bet,

Hajde da se opkladimo,

and I am confident that I will win the bet.

a siguran sam da ću pobediti.

If you've got two children or more,

Ako imate dvoje ili više dece,

I bet you they are completely different from each other.

kladim se da su potpuno različita jedno od drugog.

Aren't they?

Zar nisu? Zar nisu? (Aplauz)

(Applause)

You would never confuse them, would you?

Nikad ih ne biste pomešali, zar ne?

Like, "Which one are you? Remind me."

Na primer: "Koji si ti ono? Podseti me.

(Laughter)

Mama i ja ćemo uvesti

"Your mother and I need some color-coding system

neki sistem boja, da vas ne bismo pomešali."

so we don't get confused."

Obrazovanje po sistemu za decu sa posebnim potrebama.

Education under "No Child Left Behind"

is based on not diversity but conformity.

nije zasnovano na raznolikosti nego na konformitetu.

What schools are encouraged to do is to find out

Škole se podstiču da otkriju

what kids can do across a very narrow spectrum of achievement.

šta deca mogu da postignu u vrlo uskom spektru zahteva.

One of the effects of "No Child Left Behind"

Jedan od efekata tog Zakona

has been to narrow the focus onto the so-called STEM disciplines.

je fokusiranje

na nauku, tehnologiju, mašinstvo i matematiku. Oni su važni.

They're very important.

I'm not here to argue against science and math.

Nisam ovde da govorim protiv nauke i matematike.

On the contrary, they're necessary but they're not sufficient.

Naprotiv, neophodne su, ali nedovoljne.

A real education has to give equal weight

Pravo obrazovanje bi trebalo da jednako tretira

to the arts, the humanities, to physical education.

umetnost, društvene nauke i fizičko obrazovanje.

Veliki broj dece, hvala vam - (Aplauz)

An awful lot of kids, sorry, thank you --

(Applause)

One estimate in America currently is that something like 10 percent of kids,

Jedna od procena u Americi trenutno

je da oko 10 procenata dece

getting on that way,

dobija dijagnoze različitih stanja

are being diagnosed with various conditions

u okviru širokog spektra poremećaja pažnje.

under the broad title of attention deficit disorder.

Ne kažem da poremećaj pažnje ne postoji.

ADHD.

I'm not saying there's no such thing.

I just don't believe it's an epidemic like this.

Samo ne verujem da je u pitanju epidemija.

If you sit kids down, hour after hour,

Ako stavite decu da sede satima,

doing low-grade clerical work,

radeći dosadan činovnički posao,

don't be surprised if they start to fidget, you know?

nemojte se iznenaditi ako počnu da se vrpolje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh) (Aplauz)

(Applause)

U većini slučajeva,

Children are not, for the most part, suffering from a psychological condition.

deca ne pate od psihološkog stanja.

They're suffering from childhood.

Ona pate od detinjstva. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

To znam zato što sam proveo početak života kao dete.

And I know this because I spent my early life as a child.

I went through the whole thing.

Prošao sam kroz sve to.

Kids prosper best with a broad curriculum that celebrates their various talents,

Deca najbolje napreduju kroz raznolik program,

koji slavi njihove različite talente,

not just a small range of them.

a ne samo neke od njih.

And by the way, the arts aren't just important

Usput, umetnost nije važna

because they improve math scores.

samo zato što poboljšava rezultate iz matematike.

They're important because they speak to parts of children's being

Važna je jer se obraća delovima

detetovog bića koji su inače zanemareni.

which are otherwise untouched.

The second, thank you --

Drugi, hvala - (Aplauz) -

(Applause)

The second principle that drives human life flourishing

Drugi princip koji pokreće ljudski napredak

je radoznalost.

is curiosity.

If you can light the spark of curiosity in a child,

Ako možete da zapalite iskru radoznalosti kod deteta,

they will learn without any further assistance, very often.

ono će često učiti bez ikakve pomoći.

Children are natural learners.

Deca su prirodni učenici.

It's a real achievement to put that particular ability out,

Pravo je dostignuće tu sposobnost ugasiti

or to stifle it.

ili ugušiti.

Radoznalost je pokretač uspeha.

Curiosity is the engine of achievement.

Ovo govorim zato što,

Now the reason I say this

is because one of the effects of the current culture here,

ako mogu da kažem, jedan od efekata trenutne kulture

if I can say so,

je de-profesionalizacija nastavnika.

has been to de-professionalize teachers.

There is no system in the world or any school in the country

Na svetu ne postoji sistem,

u zemlji ne postoji škola,

that is better than its teachers.

koja je bolja od svojih nastavnika.

Teachers are the lifeblood of the success of schools.

Nastavnici su zaslužni za uspeh škola.

But teaching is a creative profession.

Ali podučavanje je kreativna profesija.

Teaching, properly conceived, is not a delivery system.

Kad je pravilno osmišljeno, ono nije sistem za dostavu.

You know, you're not there just to pass on received information.

Znate, niste tu samo da prenesete informacije koje ste primili.

Great teachers do that,

Odlični nastavnici to rade,

but what great teachers also do is mentor,

ali oni su i mentori,

stimulate, provoke, engage.

stimulišu, provociraju, angažuju.

You see, in the end, education is about learning.

Vidite, na kraju krajeva, u obrazovanju se radi o učenju.

If there's no learning going on, there's no education going on.

Ako se učenje ne događa,

ne događa se ni obrazovanje.

And people can spend an awful lot of time

A ljudi mogu provesti mnogo vremena

discussing education without ever discussing learning.

pričajući o obrazovanju, a da ne govore o učenju.

The whole point of education is to get people to learn.

Svrha obrazovanja je navesti ljude da uče.

An old friend of mine -- actually very old, he's dead.

Jedan moj stari prijatelj - zapravo, veoma star,

umro je. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

That's as old as it gets, I'm afraid.

To je najstarije moguće.

(Laughter)

But a wonderful guy he was, wonderful philosopher.

Bio je sjajan čovek, izuzetan filozof.

He used to talk about the difference

Govorio je o razlici između glagola

between the task and achievement senses of verbs.

u smislu zadatka i postignuća.

Znate, možete se baviti nekom aktivnošću

You can be engaged in the activity of something,

bez ikakvog postignuća, kao što je dijeta.

but not really be achieving it, like dieting.

(Laughter)

To je veoma dobar primer.

It's a very good example.

There he is. He's dieting.

Evo ga, na dijeti je. Da li je smršao? Ne baš.

Is he losing any weight? Not really.

(Laughter)

Teaching is a word like that.

Podučavanje je takva reč.

You can say, "There's Deborah, she's in room 34, she's teaching."

Možete reći: "Eno je Debra, u učionici 34, predaje."

But if nobody's learning anything,

Ali ako niko ništa ne uči,

she may be engaged in the task of teaching but not actually fulfilling it.

ona je možda aktivna u tom zadatku,

ali ga ne ispunjava.

The role of a teacher is to facilitate learning.

Uloga nastavnika je da olakša učenje. To je to.

That's it.

And part of the problem is, I think,

Mislim da je deo problema u tome

that the dominant culture of education has come to focus

što se dominantna kultura ne fokusira

on not teaching and learning, but testing.

na podučavanje i učenje, nego na testiranje.

Now, testing is important.

Testiranje je važno. Standardizovani testovi imaju smisla.

Standardized tests have a place.

But they should not be the dominant culture of education.

Ali ne bi trebalo da budu dominantna kultura obrazovanja.

They should be diagnostic. They should help.

Trebalo bi da budu dijagnostički. Da pomognu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Ako idem na medicinski pregled,

If I go for a medical examination, I want some standardized tests.

želim neke standardizovane testove.

I do.

Želim da znam koliki mi je nivo holesterola

I want to know what my cholesterol level is

compared to everybody else's on a standard scale.

u poređenju sa svima ostalima, na standardizovanoj skali.

I don't want to be told on some scale my doctor invented in the car.

Ne želim da to bude na nekoj skali

koju je lekar izmislio u kolima.

(Laughter)

"Vaš nivo holesterola ja nazivam Narandžasti nivo."

"Your cholesterol is what I call Level Orange."

"Really?"

"Stvarno? Je l' to dobro?" "Ne znamo."

(Laughter)

"Is that good?" "We don't know."

(Laughter)

But all that should support learning.

Ali sve to bi trebalo da podrži učenje. Ne da ga ometa,

It shouldn't obstruct it, which of course it often does.

što naravno, često čini.

So in place of curiosity, what we have is a culture of compliance.

Dakle, umesto radoznalosti,

mi imamo kulturu poslušnosti.

Our children and teachers are encouraged to follow routine algorithms

Naša deca i nastavnici se podstiču

da prate rutinske algoritme

rather than to excite that power of imagination and curiosity.

umesto da podstiču moć mašte i radoznalosti.

A treći princip je

And the third principle is this: that human life is inherently creative.

da je ljudski život u osnovi kreativan.

Zato svi imamo drugačije biografije.

It's why we all have different résumés.

We create our lives,

Mi stvaramo svoje živote,

and we can recreate them as we go through them.

i možemo da ih osmišljavamo u toku.

It's the common currency of being a human being.

To je zajedničko obeležje svih ljudskih bića.

It's why human culture is so interesting and diverse and dynamic.

Zbog toga je ljudska kultura tako zanimljiva i raznolika

i dinamična.

I mean, other animals may well have imaginations and creativity,

Mislim, druge životinje su možda maštovite i kreativne,

but it's not so much in evidence, is it, as ours?

ali to nije očigledno

kao kod nas, zar ne?

I mean, you may have a dog.

Možda imate psa.

And your dog may get depressed.

On možda postane depresivan.

You know, but it doesn't listen to Radiohead, does it?

Ali ne sluša Radiohead, zar ne?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And sit staring out the window with a bottle of Jack Daniels.

I ne sedi zureći kroz prozor sa flašom viskija.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"Would you like to come for a walk?"

Vi pitate: "Da li bi išao u šetnju?"

"No, I'm fine."

On kaže: "Ne, dobro sam.

(Laughter)

"You go. I'll wait. But take pictures."

Idi ti. Sačekaću. Ali napravi fotografije."

(Laughter)

We all create our own lives through this restless process

Svi stvaramo svoje živote kroz nemiran proces

of imagining alternatives and possibilities,

zamišljanja alternativa i mogućnosti,

and one of the roles of education

a jedna od uloga obrazovanja

jeste da probudi i razvije ove moći kreativnosti.

is to awaken and develop these powers of creativity.

Instead, what we have is a culture of standardization.

Umesto toga, imamo kulturu standardizacije.

Now, it doesn't have to be that way.

To zaista ne mora da bude tako.

It really doesn't.

Finland regularly comes out on top in math, science and reading.

Finska je redovno na vrhu

u matematici, nauci i čitanju.

Now, we only know that's what they do well at,

Mi znamo da su u tome dobri

because that's all that's being tested.

jer se samo to danas testira.

That's one of the problems of the test.

To je jedan od problema testa.

They don't look for other things that matter just as much.

Ne traže ostale stvari koje su jednako važne.

The thing about work in Finland is this:

Stvar u vezi s Finskom je sledeća:

oni nisu opsednuti tim disciplinama.

they don't obsess about those disciplines.

They have a very broad approach to education,

Imaju vrlo širok pristup obrazovanju

which includes humanities, physical education, the arts.

koji uključuje društvene nauke, fizičko obrazovanje, umetnost.

Drugo, u Finskoj nema standardizovanog testiranja.

Second, there is no standardized testing in Finland.

Mislim, ima malo,

I mean, there's a bit,

but it's not what gets people up in the morning,

ali ljudi se ne uzbuđuju zbog toga.

To im ne zaokuplja pažnju.

what keeps them at their desks.

The third thing -- and I was at a meeting recently

Treća stvar, nedavno sam imao sastanak

with some people from Finland, actual Finnish people,

sa nekim Fincima,

and somebody from the American system was saying to the people in Finland,

i neko iz američkog sistema

je pitao ljude u Finskoj:

"Šta radite u vezi sa stopom napuštanja škole?"

"What do you do about the drop-out rate in Finland?"

And they all looked a bit bemused, and said,

Oni su delovali malo zbunjeno i rekli:

"To ne postoji kod nas.

"Well, we don't have one.

Why would you drop out?

Zašto bi neko napustio školu?

If people are in trouble, we get to them quite quickly

Ako su đaci u nevolji, mi brzo reagujemo,

pomognemo im i podržavamo ih."

and we help and support them."

Now people always say,

Ljudi uvek kažu

"Well, you know, you can't compare Finland to America."

da Finska i Amerika ne mogu da se porede.

Ne. Mislim da Finska ima populaciju

No. I think there's a population of around five million in Finland.

od oko 5 miliona.

But you can compare it to a state in America.

Ali može da se poredi sa nekom američkom saveznom državom.

Many states in America have fewer people in them than that.

Mnoge države u Americi imaju i manje ljudi.

I mean, I've been to some states in America

Bio sam u nekima od njih

and I was the only person there.

i bio sam jedina osoba tamo. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

Stvarno. Zamolili su me da zaključam po izlasku.

Really. Really.

I was asked to lock up when I left.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But what all the high-performing systems in the world do

Ono što svi uspešni sistemi u svetu rade,

je ono što nažalost trenutno nije vidljivo

is currently what is not evident, sadly,

u američkom sistemu u celini.

across the systems in America --

I mean, as a whole.

One is this:

Za početak, individualizuju podučavanje i učenje.

they individualize teaching and learning.

They recognize that it's students who are learning

Prepoznaju da su učenici ti koji uče,

a sistem mora da ih angažuje, njihovu radoznalost,

and the system has to engage them,

their curiosity, their individuality, and their creativity.

individualnost i kreativnost.

That's how you get them to learn.

Tako ih navodite da uče.

The second is that they attribute a very high status

Drugo, nastavnička profesija

to the teaching profession.

ima veoma visok status.

They recognize that you can't improve education

Prepoznaju da ne možete poboljšati obrazovanje

if you don't pick great people to teach and keep giving them

ako ne odaberete odlične nastavnike

i ako im konstantno ne pružate podršku

constant support and professional development.

i profesionalni razvoj.

Investing in professional development is not a cost.

Ulaganje u profesionalni razvoj nije trošak.

It's an investment,

To je investicija

and every other country that's succeeding well knows that,

i svaka država koja napreduje to zna,

whether it's Australia, Canada,

bilo da je Australija, Kanada, Južna Koreja, Singapur,

South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong or Shanghai.

Hong Kong ili Šangaj. Oni to znaju.

They know that to be the case.

I treće, odgovornost za uspeh

And the third is,

they devolve responsibility to the school level

smeštaju u škole.

for getting the job done.

You see, there's a big difference here

Vidite, postoji velika razlika

between going into a mode of command and control in education --

između sistema upravljanja i kontrole u obrazovanju -

That's what happens in some systems.

To se dešava u nekim sistemima.

Central or state governments decide,

Znate, centralna ili savezna vlada

they know best and they're going to tell you what to do.

odluče da znaju najbolje i reći će vam šta da radite.

The trouble is that education doesn't go on

Problem je što se obrazovanje ne odvija

in the committee rooms of our legislative buildings.

u salama za sastanke vladinih zgrada.

It happens in classrooms and schools,

Dešava se u učionicama i školama,

and the people who do it are the teachers and the students,

a ljudi koji ga obavljaju su nastavnici i učenici

and if you remove their discretion, it stops working.

i ako oduzmete njihove odluke, to prestaje da funkcioniše.

Morate obrazovanje vratiti ljudima.

You have to put it back to the people.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

There is wonderful work happening in this country.

Divan rad se odvija u ovoj zemlji.

But I have to say it's happening

Ali moram da kažem da se odvija

in spite of the dominant culture of education,

uprkos dominantnoj obrazovnoj kulturi,

not because of it.

ne zahvaljujući njoj.

It's like people are sailing into a headwind all the time.

Kao da stalno plovimo uz vetar.

And the reason I think is this:

Mislim da je problem u tome

that many of the current policies

što su mnogi sadašnji zakoni

are based on mechanistic conceptions of education.

zasnovani na mehanističkom konceptu obrazovanja.

It's like education is an industrial process

Kao da je obrazovanje industrijski proces

koji se može poboljšati boljim podacima

that can be improved just by having better data,

and somewhere in the back of the mind of some policy makers

i negde duboko u mislima

nekih zakonodavaca postoji ideja

is this idea that if we fine-tune it well enough, if we just get it right,

da ako dobro podesimo, ako pogodimo,

it will all hum along perfectly into the future.

sve će u budućnosti raditi dobro.

Neće i nikad nije.

It won't, and it never did.

Poenta je da obrazovanje nije mehanički sistem.

The point is that education is not a mechanical system.

It's a human system.

To je ljudski sistem. Radi se o ljudima,

It's about people,

people who either do want to learn or don't want to learn.

ljudima koji žele ili ne žele da uče.

Every student who drops out of school has a reason for it

Svaki učenik koji napusti školu za to ima razlog

koji potiče iz njegovog života.

which is rooted in their own biography.

They may find it boring.

Možda mu je dosadna. Možda mu nije važna.

They may find it irrelevant.

Možda shvata da nije usklađena

They may find that it's at odds with the life they're living outside of school.

sa njegovim životom van škole.

Postoje trendovi, ali su priče uvek jedinstvene.

There are trends, but the stories are always unique.

Nedavno sam u Los Anđelesu

I was at a meeting recently in Los Angeles of --

they're called alternative education programs.

bio na sastanku tzv. programa alternativnog obrazovanja.

These are programs designed to get kids back into education.

Ti programi su osmišljeni da decu vrate u obrazovanje.

Imaju neke zajedničke osobine.

They have certain common features.

They're very personalized.

Veoma su personalizovani.

They have strong support for the teachers,

Imaju jaku podršku za nastavnike,

close links with the community and a broad and diverse curriculum,

bliske veze sa zajednicom,

širok i raznovrstan nastavni plan

and often programs which involve students outside school as well as inside school.

i često programe koji učenike

angažuju u školi i van nje.

And they work.

I funkcionišu.

What's interesting to me is, these are called "alternative education."

Zanimljivo mi je to

što se nazivaju "alternativno obrazovanje".

(Laughter)

You know?

Znate?

And all the evidence from around the world is,

Dokazi širom sveta pokazuju da,

if we all did that, there'd be no need for the alternative.

da svi tako radimo, ne bi bilo potrebe za alternativama.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

(Applause ends)

So I think we have to embrace a different metaphor.

Mislim da bi trebalo da prihvatimo drugačiju metaforu.

We have to recognize that it's a human system,

Moramo da prepoznamo da je to ljudski sistem,

and there are conditions under which people thrive,

a postoje uslovi u kojima ljudi napreduju

i uslovi u kojima se to ne dešava.

and conditions under which they don't.

We are after all organic creatures,

Ipak smo mi organska bića

and the culture of the school is absolutely essential.

i kultura škole je od velike važnosti.

Culture is an organic term, isn't it?

Kultura je organski termin, zar ne?

Not far from where I live is a place called Death Valley.

U blizini mesta gde živim je Dolina smrti.

Death Valley is the hottest, driest place in America,

To je najvrelije, najsuvlje mesto u Americi,

tamo ništa ne raste.

and nothing grows there.

Nothing grows there because it doesn't rain.

Ništa ne raste jer nema kiše.

Hence, Death Valley.

Otud i naziv Dolina smrti.

In the winter of 2004, it rained in Death Valley.

U zimu 2004. padala je kiša u Dolini smrti.

18 cm kiše palo je u kratkom roku.

Seven inches of rain fell over a very short period.

A u proleće 2005. desio se fenomen.

And in the spring of 2005, there was a phenomenon.

Celo tlo Doline smrti na kratko

The whole floor of Death Valley was carpeted in flowers for a while.

je prekrilo cveće.

What it proved is this:

To je dokazalo da Dolina smrti nije mrtva.

that Death Valley isn't dead.

Ona je uspavana.

It's dormant.

Right beneath the surface are these seeds of possibility

Tik ispod površine su začeci mogućnosti

koji čekaju na prave uslove da bi se pojavili

waiting for the right conditions to come about,

and with organic systems, if the conditions are right,

i sa organskim sistemima, ako su uslovi dobri,

život je neminovan. To se stalno dešava.

life is inevitable.

It happens all the time.

You take an area, a school, a district,

Uzmete neku opštinu, školu,

you change the conditions, give people a different sense of possibility,

promenite uslove, date ljudima drugačije mogućnosti,

a different set of expectations, a broader range of opportunities,

drugačija očekivanja,

širi opseg mogućnosti,

you cherish and value the relationships between teachers and learners,

podstičete i vrednujete odnose između nastavnika i učenika,

you offer people the discretion to be creative

ponudite im mogućnost da budu kreativni,

and to innovate in what they do,

inovativni u tome što rade

and schools that were once bereft spring to life.

i škole koje su bile zapostavljene oživljavaju.

Great leaders know that.

Velike vođe to znaju.

The real role of leadership in education --

Stvarna uloga vođstva u obrazovanju -

and I think it's true at the national level,

mislim da to važi na nacionalnom, saveznom

the state level, at the school level --

i nivou škole -

is not and should not be command and control.

nije i ne treba da bude vlast i kontrola.

The real role of leadership is climate control,

Prava uloga vođstva je kontrola klime,

kreiranje klime mogućnosti.

creating a climate of possibility.

And if you do that, people will rise to it

Ako to uradite, ljudi će dorasti tome

and achieve things that you completely did not anticipate

i postići stvari koje niste predvideli

and couldn't have expected.

i koje niste mogli da očekujete.

There's a wonderful quote from Benjamin Franklin.

Postoji divan citat Bendžamina Frenklina.

"There are three sorts of people in the world:

"U svetu postoje 3 vrste ljudi:

Those who are immovable,

oni koji se ne pokreću,

koji ne shvataju i ne žele da shvate,

people who don't get it,

or don't want to do anything about it;

neće ništa povodom toga da urade.

there are people who are movable,

Postoje oni koje je moguće pokrenuti,

people who see the need for change

koji vide potrebu za promenom

and are prepared to listen to it;

i spremni su da je poslušaju.

and there are people who move,

I postoje ljudi koji pokreću,

people who make things happen."

ljudi koji stvaraju."

And if we can encourage more people, that will be a movement.

Ako možemo da ohrabrimo više ljudi,

to će biti pokret.

Ako je pokret dovoljno snažan,

And if the movement is strong enough,

to je, u najboljem smislu reči, revolucija.

that's, in the best sense of the word, a revolution.

And that's what we need.

To je ono što nam je potrebno.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you very much.

(Applause)