How to escape education's death valley | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

翻译人员: Yuexin Gao 校对人员: Men Zhu

非常感谢

Thank you very much.

I moved to America 12 years ago with my wife Terry and our two kids.

12年前我移居到美国

协同我的妻子泰瑞和两个孩子

Actually, truthfully, we moved to Los Angeles --

事实上，说真的，我们只是搬到了洛杉矶

(Laughter)

thinking we were moving to America, but anyway --

还以为到了美国

不过，从洛杉矶乘飞机到美国

(Laughter)

It's a short plane ride from Los Angeles to America.

用不了多长时间

(Laughter)

12年前，我刚来到美国的时候

I got here 12 years ago,

and when I got here, I was told various things,

当地人给我讲了许多东西

like, "Americans don't get irony."

像“美国人不懂讽刺。”

(Laughter)

Have you come across this idea?

你们也有这种想法吗

It's not true.

这很荒谬，我踏遍了美国的山山水水

I've traveled the whole length and breadth of this country.

却从未找到任何证据来证明美国人不懂讽刺

I have found no evidence that Americans don't get irony.

It's one of those cultural myths,

这属于一种文化迷思

like, "The British are reserved."

就如同说“英国人很矜持”一样

(Laughter)

I don't know why people think this.

我真不知道人们为何会这样想

We've invaded every country we've encountered.

英国曾侵略过每一个与其不期而遇的国度啊

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But it's not true Americans don't get irony,

但是说美国人不懂讽刺确实与事实不符

but I just want you to know that that's what people

其实我只是想令大家知道

are saying about you behind your back.

别人在背后是怎样谈论你的

You know, so when you leave living rooms in Europe,

在欧洲，你离开客厅时

people say, thankfully, nobody was ironic in your presence.

人们会说，幸好，没人当着你的面讽刺

(Laughter)

在我偶然听说“不让一个孩子掉队”这条立法时

But I knew that Americans get irony

when I came across that legislation, "No Child Left Behind."

我就知道了美国人是懂得讽刺的

(Laughter)

Because whoever thought of that title gets irony.

想出这条立法标题的人，就很懂得讽刺

(Laughter)

Don't they?

难道不是吗，因为--

(Applause)

（笑声）（掌声）

Because it's leaving millions of children behind.

因为数百万的儿童被撇在后面了

Now I can see that's not a very attractive name for legislation:

我从中看到的是一个并不招人待见的名号

"Millions of Children Left Behind."

“数百万的孩子掉队了”，显而易见

I can see that.

What's the plan?

具体有什么计划呢？我们提议

We propose to leave millions of children behind,

把数百万儿童撇到后面

这就是它如何运作的

and here's how it's going to work.

而且效果不错

And it's working beautifully.

(Laughter)

In some parts of the country,

在美国的部分地区

60 percent of kids drop out of high school.

60%的孩子从高中退学

In the Native American communities,

在土著美国人社区

it's 80 percent of kids.

达到80%

If we halved that number,

有一种看法是，如果这个数字较少一半

one estimate is it would create a net gain to the U.S. economy

那么在未来的十年里，可以为美国的经济

over 10 years, of nearly a trillion dollars.

创造近万亿美元的净利润

从经济角度看

From an economic point of view,

this is good math, isn't it, that we should do this?

这是一笔好买卖，对吧，但我们应该这样做吗？

It actually costs an enormous amount

实际上，要大量的投入

to mop up the damage from the dropout crisis.

才能肃清辍学危机所造成的损害

But the dropout crisis is just the tip of an iceberg.

但辍学危机仅仅是冰山一角

What it doesn't count are all the kids who are in school

没算在内的是那些人在上学

but being disengaged from it, who don't enjoy it,

心却辍了学的孩子，他们不喜欢学习

who don't get any real benefit from it.

无法真正从中获益

And the reason is not that we're not spending enough money.

其原因

不是我们没有投入足够的钱

America spends more money on education than most other countries.

在教育领域，美国比大多数国家

投入了更多的资金

Class sizes are smaller than in many countries.

班级人数也更少

And there are hundreds of initiatives every year

每年都有上千条立法提案

to try and improve education.

尝试改善教育制度

The trouble is, it's all going in the wrong direction.

问题是，我们走错了方向

There are three principles on which human life flourishes,

有三条法则

可以让我们的生活更加繁荣

and they are contradicted by the culture of education

而现行的教育文化却与之相抵触

under which most teachers have to labor

多数教师教得辛苦

and most students have to endure.

学生学的痛苦

第一条法则是，人类

The first is this, that human beings are naturally different and diverse.

天生彼此千差万别

Can I ask you, how many of you have got children of your own?

请问一下，在座各位

多少人有孩子

Okay. Or grandchildren.

孙儿辈也算

How about two children or more? Right.

两个或两个以上的呢

And the rest of you have seen such children.

剩下的即使没有孩子也见过别人的孩子

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Small people wandering about.

到处都有小孩子

(Laughter)

I will make you a bet,

我要跟你们打个赌

and I am confident that I will win the bet.

我肯定能赌赢

If you've got two children or more,

如果你有两个以上的孩子

I bet you they are completely different from each other.

我打赌，他们一定是完全不同的个体

Aren't they?

不是吗？难道不是吗？（鼓掌）

(Applause)

You would never confuse them, would you?

你绝对不会错认，对不对

Like, "Which one are you? Remind me."

你可不会说“你是哪一个，提醒我一下

(Laughter)

我和你妈妈要采用些手段

"Your mother and I need some color-coding system

像彩色编码系统，这样我们就不会搞错了。”

so we don't get confused."

“不让一个孩子掉队”所提出的教育政策

Education under "No Child Left Behind"

is based on not diversity but conformity.

是基于一致性而非多样性

What schools are encouraged to do is to find out

这种政策是在鼓励校方以成绩的高低

what kids can do across a very narrow spectrum of achievement.

这种狭隘的方式来为儿童的能力定位

One of the effects of "No Child Left Behind"

“不让一个孩子掉队”这条立法的一个影响便是

has been to narrow the focus onto the so-called STEM disciplines.

将公众的视线限制在被称作STEM学科的焦点上

[STEM:科学、技术、工程、数学]它们很重要。

They're very important.

I'm not here to argue against science and math.

我不是驳斥科学和数学的重要性

正相反，它们是必需的，但不是全部

On the contrary, they're necessary but they're not sufficient.

A real education has to give equal weight

真正的教育应当给予艺术、人文和体育

to the arts, the humanities, to physical education.

与STEM同等重要的地位

An awful lot of kids, sorry, thank you --

有太多的学生，对不起，谢谢-（鼓掌声）-

(Applause)

One estimate in America currently is that something like 10 percent of kids,

据估计，如今的美国

有大约10%的儿童

getting on that way,

被诊断出患有

are being diagnosed with various conditions

under the broad title of attention deficit disorder.

注意力缺乏症的一些症状

ADHD.

即注意缺陷多动障碍。我不否定有这样的病症存在

I'm not saying there's no such thing.

I just don't believe it's an epidemic like this.

只是我不认为这种病会如此盛行

If you sit kids down, hour after hour,

如果你叫孩子坐上几个小时

doing low-grade clerical work,

做低级的文书工作

don't be surprised if they start to fidget, you know?

他们会不安分，这并不奇怪

(Laughter)

（笑声）（掌声）

(Applause)

大多数的孩子

Children are not, for the most part, suffering from a psychological condition.

并没有心理问题

They're suffering from childhood.

他们只是在忍受童年的煎熬而已

(Laughter)

And I know this because I spent my early life as a child.

之所以这样讲，是因为我也有过早期的童年生涯

并经历了整个历程

I went through the whole thing.

Kids prosper best with a broad curriculum that celebrates their various talents,

广泛的课程可以使孩子们取得最出色的成就

可以展示出他们多方面的天分

not just a small range of them.

不局限于小范围

And by the way, the arts aren't just important

顺便提一下，艺术之所以重要

because they improve math scores.

不只是因为它能够提高数学成绩

艺术之所以重要，是因为它表述着

They're important because they speak to parts of children's being

孩子们的天性与本质

which are otherwise untouched.

The second, thank you --

第二条法则，谢谢-（掌声）

(Applause)

The second principle that drives human life flourishing

要想生活的朝气蓬勃，第二条法则是

is curiosity.

拥有好奇心

If you can light the spark of curiosity in a child,

如果你能燃起孩子心性的好奇之火

they will learn without any further assistance, very often.

绝大多数，都可以主动学习，无需外援

Children are natural learners.

孩子们天生就会学习

It's a real achievement to put that particular ability out,

是激发或是扼杀这种天赋

or to stifle it.

对孩子会产生巨大的影响

Curiosity is the engine of achievement.

好奇心是取得成就的能动力

Now the reason I say this

我这么说是因为

is because one of the effects of the current culture here,

如果可以这么说的话，当前的教育文化

if I can say so,

影响了教师的专业化程度

has been to de-professionalize teachers.

There is no system in the world or any school in the country

无论是世界范围的教育体系

还是国家内部的教育机构

都不如优秀的教学团队

that is better than its teachers.

Teachers are the lifeblood of the success of schools.

教师是学校能否取得成功的命脉

But teaching is a creative profession.

教学是需要创造力的职业

Teaching, properly conceived, is not a delivery system.

教学，要有适当的创作，因为它不是单纯的输出

You know, you're not there just to pass on received information.

教师的工作不仅仅去传递所接收到的信息

优秀的教师的确要这样做

Great teachers do that,

but what great teachers also do is mentor,

但同时他们还会指导学生的学习

stimulate, provoke, engage.

激发学生的兴趣，挑起学生的热情，赢得学生的关注

You see, in the end, education is about learning.

看吧，总而言之，教育讲的就是学习

If there's no learning going on, there's no education going on.

如果没有学习

就谈不上教育

And people can spend an awful lot of time

人们花了大量时间去谈教育问题

discussing education without ever discussing learning.

却从来不讲学习

The whole point of education is to get people to learn.

教育的主旨就是引导人们去学习

An old friend of mine -- actually very old, he's dead.

我的一个朋友，是老朋友了--他本身也很老了

已经去世了（笑声）

(Laughter)

That's as old as it gets, I'm afraid.

恐怕最老也不过如此了

(Laughter)

But a wonderful guy he was, wonderful philosopher.

他是个很了不起的人，是位出色的哲学家

He used to talk about the difference

他过去常谈到做事与从中获得成就感

between the task and achievement senses of verbs.

两者之间的不同

You can be engaged in the activity of something,

有些事你会去做

但不一定有所成就

but not really be achieving it, like dieting.

就好比节食，这是个非常典型的例子

(Laughter)

It's a very good example.

There he is. He's dieting.

你看他，他最近在节食。他有瘦一些吗？没有啊

Is he losing any weight? Not really.

(Laughter)

Teaching is a word like that.

教学和节食很像

你可以说“那就是黛博拉，她在34号教室授课。”

You can say, "There's Deborah, she's in room 34, she's teaching."

But if nobody's learning anything,

但如果学生没从她那学到任何知识

she may be engaged in the task of teaching but not actually fulfilling it.

她就可能只是从事教学这项工作

但并没有真正的完成它

The role of a teacher is to facilitate learning.

教师的职责是令学生学习得更容易，就是这样

That's it.

And part of the problem is, I think,

我想，部分原因是

that the dominant culture of education has come to focus

因为当下的教育文化主要关注的

on not teaching and learning, but testing.

是考试，而非教学

Now, testing is important.

如今，考试很重要，标准化考试很有影响力

Standardized tests have a place.

But they should not be the dominant culture of education.

但它不应该作为教育文化的主导方向

They should be diagnostic. They should help.

相反，考试应该用于诊断问题。并且，用于帮助改进

(Applause)

（掌声）

If I go for a medical examination, I want some standardized tests.

如果我去做个医学检查

我当然要做些常规检查

I do.

I want to know what my cholesterol level is

我想知道，同大众标准值范围相比

我的胆固醇含量在什么水平

compared to everybody else's on a standard scale.

I don't want to be told on some scale my doctor invented in the car.

我不想参考那些

医生随便编出来的数值

(Laughter)

“你的胆固醇含量在橙色水平。”

"Your cholesterol is what I call Level Orange."

"Really?"

“真的？是好消息？”“没法判断。”

(Laughter)

"Is that good?" "We don't know."

(Laughter)

But all that should support learning.

但这些考试应当对学习有利，不应该像常表现出的

It shouldn't obstruct it, which of course it often does.

阻挠学习的热情

So in place of curiosity, what we have is a culture of compliance.

当前教育的文化核心，不是激发好奇心

而是要求服从

Our children and teachers are encouraged to follow routine algorithms

我们的孩子和教师都被鼓励

遵循常规算法

rather than to excite that power of imagination and curiosity.

而不是激发想象力与好奇心

第三条法则是

And the third principle is this: that human life is inherently creative.

人的生命具有与生俱来的创造力

这就解释了为什么我们有不同的人生履历

It's why we all have different résumés.

We create our lives,

我们创造不同的生活

and we can recreate them as we go through them.

我们一边经历着一边享受着

It's the common currency of being a human being.

这是作为人类通用的生活模式

It's why human culture is so interesting and diverse and dynamic.

这就是为什么人类文化如此有趣、丰富

充满活力

I mean, other animals may well have imaginations and creativity,

其他动物也可能拥有想象力

和创造力，但明显又没那么多

but it's not so much in evidence, is it, as ours?

不是吗，难道跟人类一样？

I mean, you may have a dog.

你可能养了条狗

And your dog may get depressed.

你的狗也有可能情绪低落

You know, but it doesn't listen to Radiohead, does it?

但它不会去听收音机头乐队的音乐，不是吗？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And sit staring out the window with a bottle of Jack Daniels.

它也不会拿着酒瓶坐在窗前凝视远方

(Laughter)

（笑声）

你问“要不要出去散散步啊？”

"Would you like to come for a walk?"

"No, I'm fine."

它回答“不用了，我没事。

(Laughter)

"You go. I'll wait. But take pictures."

你去吧，我在这等你。记得拍照。”

(Laughter)

We all create our own lives through this restless process

我们的生活就建立在这种无休止的经历上

of imagining alternatives and possibilities,

设想着其他的选择，其他的可能

and one of the roles of education

而教育的一个作用

就是唤醒并开发人们的创造力

is to awaken and develop these powers of creativity.

Instead, what we have is a culture of standardization.

相反，我们的教育文化是标准定型的

Now, it doesn't have to be that way.

其实不是非得这样做，不是的

It really doesn't.

Finland regularly comes out on top in math, science and reading.

在芬兰，传统优势教学科目有

数学、科学以及阅读

Now, we only know that's what they do well at,

我们只知道他们在这些方面做得很好

because that's all that's being tested.

因为这些科目通常都是要考试的

That's one of the problems of the test.

这就是考试引发的一个问题

They don't look for other things that matter just as much.

人们会忽视同等重要的其他科目

The thing about work in Finland is this:

在芬兰教育工作是这样的：

人们并不执著于这些学科

they don't obsess about those disciplines.

They have a very broad approach to education,

他们的教育很全面

which includes humanities, physical education, the arts.

包括人文、体育和艺术领域

其次，在芬兰没有标准化考试

Second, there is no standardized testing in Finland.

I mean, there's a bit,

我是说，几乎没有

but it's not what gets people up in the morning,

即使有也不会是那种叫人要一大早起床

守在桌旁学习才能通过的考试

what keeps them at their desks.

The third thing -- and I was at a meeting recently

第三，最近我出席了一个会议

对方来自芬兰，是的的确确的芬兰人

with some people from Finland, actual Finnish people,

and somebody from the American system was saying to the people in Finland,

一些美国人

向芬兰人问道

“在芬兰，你们怎么应对辍学率？”

"What do you do about the drop-out rate in Finland?"

And they all looked a bit bemused, and said,

他们当下看起来很困惑，然后说

“我们那没人辍学

"Well, we don't have one.

Why would you drop out?

为什么要辍学呢？

If people are in trouble, we get to them quite quickly

如果有人遇到困难，我们会很快的联系他们

帮助他们，甚至支持他们。”

and we help and support them."

Now people always say,

有人会说“要知道

"Well, you know, you can't compare Finland to America."

你不能拿芬兰同美国比。”

No. I think there's a population of around five million in Finland.

的确不能，芬兰人口

只有大约五百万

但可以拿它同美国的一个州来比较

But you can compare it to a state in America.

Many states in America have fewer people in them than that.

在美国许多州的人口比芬兰的要少

I mean, I've been to some states in America

我去过美国的一些州

and I was the only person there.

那里就我一个人（笑声）

(Laughter)

Really. Really.

这是真的。还有人告诉我走之前要锁门

I was asked to lock up when I left.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But what all the high-performing systems in the world do

但是世界上所有的高效体系

is currently what is not evident, sadly,

用在美国身上，很遗憾

across the systems in America --

通常作用都不明显--作为整体而言

I mean, as a whole.

One is this:

做法之一是，他们将教学个性化

they individualize teaching and learning.

They recognize that it's students who are learning

他们认为学生是学习的主体

and the system has to engage them,

教育体系要做到吸引他们，引起他们的好奇心

their curiosity, their individuality, and their creativity.

他们的个性以及创造力

That's how you get them to learn.

这样才能让学生主动学习

The second is that they attribute a very high status

第二种做法是，他们为教育行业

to the teaching profession.

造就了崇高的地位

They recognize that you can't improve education

他们意识到要改善教育水平

if you don't pick great people to teach and keep giving them

就要选择优秀的教员

并给予他们不断的支持

constant support and professional development.

以及专业化的发展

Investing in professional development is not a cost.

投资教育专业的发展不是单纯的花费

It's an investment,

它是有收益的

and every other country that's succeeding well knows that,

所有在教育方面取得成功的国家都深知这一点

whether it's Australia, Canada,

无论是澳大利亚、加拿大、韩国、新加坡

South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong or Shanghai.

香港还是上海，他们知道事实就是这样

They know that to be the case.

第三种做法是，他们帮助校方知道他们的责任所在

And the third is,

they devolve responsibility to the school level

并且要求校方负起他们应有的责任

for getting the job done.

You see, there's a big difference here

大家可以看出这与

between going into a mode of command and control in education --

我们教育体系中的指挥和控制模式差异巨大

That's what happens in some systems.

但这的确是某些教育体系的真实情况

中央政府

Central or state governments decide,

或州政府认为

they know best and they're going to tell you what to do.

他们是最好的决策者，他们会告诉你做什么

The trouble is that education doesn't go on

问题是人们不会在立法机构的

in the committee rooms of our legislative buildings.

会议室里进行教学

It happens in classrooms and schools,

而是在教室和校园里

and the people who do it are the teachers and the students,

讲授者是教师，受教者是学生

and if you remove their discretion, it stops working.

若要夺走他们的决定权，教育体系就无法正常运行

政府必须把决定权交还给人们

You have to put it back to the people.

(Applause)

（掌声）

There is wonderful work happening in this country.

美国的教育工作还是很出色的

But I have to say it's happening

我得承认这一点

in spite of the dominant culture of education,

尽管在这种教育文化下

not because of it.

却不受其干扰

It's like people are sailing into a headwind all the time.

就像有人总是逆风航行

And the reason I think is this:

我认为原因就是

that many of the current policies

当前的许多政策都是基于

are based on mechanistic conceptions of education.

对教育的刻板印象

It's like education is an industrial process

他们认为教育就像一种工业流程

that can be improved just by having better data,

只要有了更好的数据便有更好的发展

and somewhere in the back of the mind of some policy makers

我想决策者会有这种想法

源于这样一种观点

is this idea that if we fine-tune it well enough, if we just get it right,

如果我们将数据调整的足够精确

it will all hum along perfectly into the future.

整个体系在将来都会运转的很好

It won't, and it never did.

其实不会的，永远都不会

The point is that education is not a mechanical system.

因为教育不是机械化的系统

It's a human system.

它是人性化的，它的主体是人

It's about people,

people who either do want to learn or don't want to learn.

想学习的人，不想学习的人

Every student who drops out of school has a reason for it

每一个辍学的学生都有自己的理由

which is rooted in their own biography.

源于每个人不同的生活经历

They may find it boring.

或许是觉得学习很无聊，或许认为学的东西无关紧要

They may find it irrelevant.

也或者是他们发现这些

They may find that it's at odds with the life they're living outside of school.

与校园以外的生活相矛盾

大潮流始终存在，但每个人独特的故事，同样存在

There are trends, but the stories are always unique.

最近我在洛杉矶参与了一个会议

I was at a meeting recently in Los Angeles of --

they're called alternative education programs.

被称为可选择的教育方案

These are programs designed to get kids back into education.

策划这些方案的目的是要让孩子重新接受教育

They have certain common features.

他们有些共同特征

They're very personalized.

个性化程度高

They have strong support for the teachers,

对教员支持力度大

close links with the community and a broad and diverse curriculum,

与社区联系紧密

课程广泛多样化

and often programs which involve students outside school as well as inside school.

这些课程方案往往将

校外和校内的学生都包含了进来

And they work.

而且都很奏效

What's interesting to me is, these are called "alternative education."

有趣的是

这些被称作“可选择性教育”

(Laughter)

You know?

想想看

And all the evidence from around the world is,

环顾世界所有的证据都显示

if we all did that, there'd be no need for the alternative.

如果我们都这样做，那就不存在选不选择的问题了

(Applause)

（掌声）

(Applause ends)

所以我想我们应该采用一种不同的说法

So I think we have to embrace a different metaphor.

We have to recognize that it's a human system,

我们应当认识到这是个人性化的体系

and there are conditions under which people thrive,

在一些环境下人们可以取得成功

有些却不能

and conditions under which they don't.

We are after all organic creatures,

毕竟我们都是有机的生命体

and the culture of the school is absolutely essential.

而校园文化绝对是我们最根本的成长要素

Culture is an organic term, isn't it?

文化也是个有机的术语，不是吗？

Not far from where I live is a place called Death Valley.

离我家不远处，有个地方叫死亡谷

Death Valley is the hottest, driest place in America,

死亡谷是全美最热最干旱的地带

and nothing grows there.

在那里没有任何生物可以存活

因为那里从不下雨

Nothing grows there because it doesn't rain.

Hence, Death Valley.

所以，它叫做死亡谷

In the winter of 2004, it rained in Death Valley.

2004年冬天，死亡谷却下起了雨

Seven inches of rain fell over a very short period.

短时间内降雨量达七英寸

2005年春天，那里出现这样一种景色

And in the spring of 2005, there was a phenomenon.

The whole floor of Death Valley was carpeted in flowers for a while.

整个死亡谷铺满了鲜花

持续了一段时间

What it proved is this:

这证明了一点：死亡谷并非没有生命

that Death Valley isn't dead.

它只是在休眠

It's dormant.

Right beneath the surface are these seeds of possibility

地表下潜伏着的种子

待条件成熟便伺机而发

waiting for the right conditions to come about,

and with organic systems, if the conditions are right,

有机系统内，只要有适当的环境

生命的出现不可避免，这是自然规律

life is inevitable.

It happens all the time.

You take an area, a school, a district,

你选择一个地方，一所学校，一个市区

you change the conditions, give people a different sense of possibility,

你改变环境，让人们对可能性有了不同的感受

a different set of expectations, a broader range of opportunities,

对希望有了不同的期许

机遇也更广泛

you cherish and value the relationships between teachers and learners,

你珍惜并重视师生间的情谊

你给予人们自主权来发挥创造力

you offer people the discretion to be creative

and to innovate in what they do,

革新他们的成果

and schools that were once bereft spring to life.

学校里曾一度缺失这种盎然生机

Great leaders know that.

卓越的领导者清楚这一点

The real role of leadership in education --

在教育体系中领导者的真正作用

and I think it's true at the national level,

无论在国家级，州级

the state level, at the school level --

还是校级上

is not and should not be command and control.

其真正作用不是也不应是指挥和控制

The real role of leadership is climate control,

领导者的真正作用是控制教育的风气

creating a climate of possibility.

制造一种充满可能性的倾向

And if you do that, people will rise to it

如果你这样做了，人们便会追随

and achieve things that you completely did not anticipate

实现你预料不到，也不曾期待过的

and couldn't have expected.

成果

There's a wonderful quote from Benjamin Franklin.

在此引用本杰明富兰克林的一句格言

"There are three sorts of people in the world:

“世界上有三种人

Those who are immovable,

第一种人雷打不动

得不到是因为他们不想要

people who don't get it,

or don't want to do anything about it;

他们力求不变

there are people who are movable,

第二种人伺机而动

people who see the need for change

他们认识到改变的必要性

and are prepared to listen to it;

准备去做

and there are people who move,

第三种人先发制人

people who make things happen."

他们主动让事情发生”

And if we can encourage more people, that will be a movement.

如果我们可以鼓励更多的人去做

那将会成为一场运动

And if the movement is strong enough,

如果这场运动有足够的执行力度

that's, in the best sense of the word, a revolution.

从最好的角度来看，那将会是一场革命

And that's what we need.

而这正是我们所需要的

Thank you very much.

谢谢大家

(Applause)

（掌声）

谢谢（掌声）

Thank you very much.

(Applause)