How to escape education's death valley | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

6,739,251 views ใƒป 2013-05-10

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Itay Galilee ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shlomo Adam
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
00:14
Thank you very much.
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00:17
I moved to America 12 years ago with my wife Terry and our two kids.
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ 12 ืฉื ื™ื.
ืขื ืืฉืชื™ ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
00:21
Actually, truthfully, we moved to Los Angeles --
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก-- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)--
00:24
(Laughter)
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00:27
thinking we were moving to America, but anyway --
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”,
ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื–ื• ืจืง ื˜ื™ืกื” ืงืฆืจื” ืžืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก
00:30
(Laughter)
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00:32
It's a short plane ride from Los Angeles to America.
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ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”.
00:37
(Laughter)
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ 12 ืฉื ื™ื,
00:39
I got here 12 years ago,
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00:41
and when I got here, I was told various things,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ, ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:44
like, "Americans don't get irony."
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ื›ืžื•: "ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”."
00:48
(Laughter)
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00:50
Have you come across this idea?
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?
00:53
It's not true.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ืœืื•ืจื›ื” ื•ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช.
00:54
I've traveled the whole length and breadth of this country.
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ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื•ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”.
00:57
I have found no evidence that Americans don't get irony.
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00:59
It's one of those cultural myths,
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
01:02
like, "The British are reserved."
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ื›ืžื•, "ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืžืื•ืคืงื™ื."
01:04
(Laughter)
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01:06
I don't know why people think this.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืš.
01:08
We've invaded every country we've encountered.
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ื”ืจื™ ืคืœืฉื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื ืงืจืชื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื•.
01:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:14
But it's not true Americans don't get irony,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”,
01:17
but I just want you to know that that's what people
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื
01:19
are saying about you behind your back.
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื›ื.
01:21
You know, so when you leave living rooms in Europe,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื—ื“ืจื™ ืกืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
01:24
people say, thankfully, nobody was ironic in your presence.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืืœ, ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื›ื."
01:27
(Laughter)
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”,
01:29
But I knew that Americans get irony
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01:31
when I came across that legislation, "No Child Left Behind."
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ื›ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืง: "ืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ"
01:35
(Laughter)
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01:37
Because whoever thought of that title gets irony.
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ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”,
01:40
(Laughter)
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01:42
Don't they?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื›ื™--
01:44
(Applause)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:49
Because it's leaving millions of children behind.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
01:53
Now I can see that's not a very attractive name for legislation:
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง:
01:56
"Millions of Children Left Behind."
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"ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจ". ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
01:58
I can see that.
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02:00
What's the plan?
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-"ืžื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช?" -"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื
02:01
We propose to leave millions of children behind,
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ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจ,
ื•ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“..."
02:04
and here's how it's going to work.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืคื™.
02:06
And it's working beautifully.
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02:07
(Laughter)
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02:08
In some parts of the country,
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
02:09
60 percent of kids drop out of high school.
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60% ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:13
In the Native American communities,
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
02:15
it's 80 percent of kids.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-80% ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
02:17
If we halved that number,
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ืื ื ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
02:20
one estimate is it would create a net gain to the U.S. economy
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ื–ื” ื™ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืชื•ืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื
02:26
over 10 years, of nearly a trillion dollars.
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ืจื•ื•ื— ื ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
02:31
From an economic point of view,
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02:32
this is good math, isn't it, that we should do this?
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ืืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
02:35
It actually costs an enormous amount
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื
02:38
to mop up the damage from the dropout crisis.
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ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื ืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื”.
02:42
But the dropout crisis is just the tip of an iceberg.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
02:46
What it doesn't count are all the kids who are in school
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
02:48
but being disengaged from it, who don't enjoy it,
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ืืš ื”ื ืžืฉืชืขืžืžื™ื ืฉื, ืœื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื,
02:52
who don't get any real benefit from it.
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ืœื ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช.
02:55
And the reason is not that we're not spending enough money.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื
ืœื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ.
02:58
America spends more money on education than most other countries.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ืžืืฉืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
03:02
Class sizes are smaller than in many countries.
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ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:05
And there are hundreds of initiatives every year
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
03:07
to try and improve education.
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ืฉืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
03:10
The trouble is, it's all going in the wrong direction.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:14
There are three principles on which human life flourishes,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช
ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื,
03:19
and they are contradicted by the culture of education
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
03:23
under which most teachers have to labor
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ืฉืžืืœืฆืช ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืœ ืงืฉื”
03:25
and most students have to endure.
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ื•ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื - ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“.
ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”: ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
03:29
The first is this, that human beings are naturally different and diverse.
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ื”ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
03:36
Can I ask you, how many of you have got children of your own?
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ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื›ื, ืืฉืืœ ืืชื›ื ืœื›ืžื” ืžื›ื
ื™ืฉ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉืœื›ื?
03:40
Okay. Or grandchildren.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื ื›ื“ื™ื?
03:43
How about two children or more? Right.
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ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”? ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
03:47
And the rest of you have seen such children.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฆื ืœื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื--
03:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:52
Small people wandering about.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
03:54
(Laughter)
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03:55
I will make you a bet,
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืื™ืชื›ื,
03:57
and I am confident that I will win the bet.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:59
If you've got two children or more,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”,
04:01
I bet you they are completely different from each other.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
04:05
Aren't they?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื ื›ื•ืŸ? (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:07
(Applause)
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04:09
You would never confuse them, would you?
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ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืชืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:12
Like, "Which one are you? Remind me."
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, "ืžื™ ืžื”ื ืืชื”? ืชื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™.
04:14
(Laughter)
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ืืžื ืฉืœืš ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
04:17
"Your mother and I need some color-coding system
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ."
04:19
so we don't get confused."
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ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช "ืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ"
04:22
Education under "No Child Left Behind"
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04:24
is based on not diversity but conformity.
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ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
04:29
What schools are encouraged to do is to find out
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืช
04:32
what kids can do across a very narrow spectrum of achievement.
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ืžื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืงืฉืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฆืจื” ืžืื“.
04:36
One of the effects of "No Child Left Behind"
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ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ"
04:39
has been to narrow the focus onto the so-called STEM disciplines.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“
ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืข, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”. ื”ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“.
04:43
They're very important.
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04:44
I'm not here to argue against science and math.
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ืœื ื‘ืืชื™ ื”ื ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
ืื“ืจื‘ื, ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ืืš ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื.
04:47
On the contrary, they're necessary but they're not sufficient.
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04:51
A real education has to give equal weight
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉื•ื•ื”
04:53
to the arts, the humanities, to physical education.
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ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™.
04:57
An awful lot of kids, sorry, thank you --
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืชื•ื“ื”-- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)--
04:59
(Applause)
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05:04
One estimate in America currently is that something like 10 percent of kids,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื›ื™ื•ื,
ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• 10% ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
05:08
getting on that way,
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ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
05:10
are being diagnosed with various conditions
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05:14
under the broad title of attention deficit disorder.
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ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–.
05:18
ADHD.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
05:20
I'm not saying there's no such thing.
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05:22
I just don't believe it's an epidemic like this.
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื’ืคื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื–ื”.
05:25
If you sit kids down, hour after hour,
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ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื”,
05:27
doing low-grade clerical work,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื ื—ื•ืชื”,
05:31
don't be surprised if they start to fidget, you know?
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ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:35
(Applause)
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื
05:42
Children are not, for the most part, suffering from a psychological condition.
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืคืจืขื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
05:46
They're suffering from childhood.
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ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:48
(Laughter)
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05:52
And I know this because I spent my early life as a child.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื–ืืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื™ื™
ื›ื™ืœื“. ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:55
I went through the whole thing.
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05:58
Kids prosper best with a broad curriculum that celebrates their various talents,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื”
ืฉืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื,
06:03
not just a small range of them.
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื.
06:05
And by the way, the arts aren't just important
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ
06:07
because they improve math scores.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืฉืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
06:09
They're important because they speak to parts of children's being
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ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“, ืฉืืœืžืœื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื.
06:12
which are otherwise untouched.
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06:14
The second, thank you --
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ื”ืฉื ื™, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื-- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:16
(Applause)
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06:20
The second principle that drives human life flourishing
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ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ืœืคืจื•ื—
06:24
is curiosity.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
06:26
If you can light the spark of curiosity in a child,
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ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“,
06:29
they will learn without any further assistance, very often.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืœืžื“ ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืขื–ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“.
06:33
Children are natural learners.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ืœืžื“ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.
06:35
It's a real achievement to put that particular ability out,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื•,
06:39
or to stifle it.
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ืื• ืœื—ื ื•ืง ืื•ืชื”.
06:42
Curiosity is the engine of achievement.
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ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
06:46
Now the reason I say this
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื
06:47
is because one of the effects of the current culture here,
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ืฉืื—ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื›ืืŸ, ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช,
06:51
if I can say so,
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ื”ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื”.
06:53
has been to de-professionalize teachers.
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06:56
There is no system in the world or any school in the country
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
ืื• ืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
ืฉื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื•ืจื™ื”ื.
07:02
that is better than its teachers.
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07:05
Teachers are the lifeblood of the success of schools.
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ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
07:09
But teaching is a creative profession.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
07:12
Teaching, properly conceived, is not a delivery system.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื.
07:16
You know, you're not there just to pass on received information.
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืกืชื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ.
ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช,
07:19
Great teachers do that,
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07:21
but what great teachers also do is mentor,
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ืืš ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ื ื’ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื,
07:24
stimulate, provoke, engage.
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ, ืœื’ืจื•ืช, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
07:27
You see, in the end, education is about learning.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
07:30
If there's no learning going on, there's no education going on.
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ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ื”,
ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
07:33
And people can spend an awful lot of time
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ
07:35
discussing education without ever discussing learning.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
07:38
The whole point of education is to get people to learn.
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ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“.
07:41
An old friend of mine -- actually very old, he's dead.
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ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™, ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืชื™ืง-- ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืชื™ืง ืžืื“,
ื”ื•ื ืžืช. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:44
(Laughter)
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07:47
That's as old as it gets, I'm afraid.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ื—ื•ืฉืฉื ื™.
07:50
(Laughter)
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07:53
But a wonderful guy he was, wonderful philosopher.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื ื ืคืœื... ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”. ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื ืคืœื.
07:58
He used to talk about the difference
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ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขืœื™ื
08:01
between the task and achievement senses of verbs.
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘"ืžื˜ืœื”" ื•"ื”ื™ืฉื’".
08:05
You can be engaged in the activity of something,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื”ื•,
ืืš ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื•,
08:08
but not really be achieving it, like dieting.
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืื˜ื”. ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“.
08:11
(Laughter)
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08:12
It's a very good example.
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08:13
There he is. He's dieting.
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ื”ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ืื˜ื”. ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ? ืœื ืžืžืฉ.
08:15
Is he losing any weight? Not really.
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08:17
(Laughter)
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08:18
Teaching is a word like that.
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ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืžื”.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ื–ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ 34. ื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช."
08:20
You can say, "There's Deborah, she's in room 34, she's teaching."
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08:23
But if nobody's learning anything,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ ื›ืœื•ื,
08:25
she may be engaged in the task of teaching but not actually fulfilling it.
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžื˜ืœืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”
ืืš ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืžืžืฉืช ืื•ืชื”.
08:30
The role of a teacher is to facilitate learning.
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
08:33
That's it.
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08:34
And part of the problem is, I think,
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
08:36
that the dominant culture of education has come to focus
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืžืงื“ืช
08:40
on not teaching and learning, but testing.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื”, ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”.
08:43
Now, testing is important.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ื ื•ืช.
08:45
Standardized tests have a place.
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08:47
But they should not be the dominant culture of education.
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ืืš ื”ืŸ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช.
08:50
They should be diagnostic. They should help.
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ื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข.
08:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:00
If I go for a medical examination, I want some standardized tests.
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ืื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช,
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
09:05
I do.
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09:06
I want to know what my cholesterol level is
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืจืžืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ืฉืœื™
ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืชืงื ื™ืช.
09:08
compared to everybody else's on a standard scale.
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09:10
I don't want to be told on some scale my doctor invented in the car.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ืกืคืจื• ืœื™ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืชืงืŸ
ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.
09:14
(Laughter)
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"ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ืฉืœืš ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื 'ืจืžื” ื›ืชื•ืžื”'."
09:16
"Your cholesterol is what I call Level Orange."
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09:18
"Really?"
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-"ื‘ืืžืช? ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘?" -"ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’."
09:19
(Laughter)
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09:21
"Is that good?" "We don't know."
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09:23
(Laughter)
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09:24
But all that should support learning.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”,
09:27
It shouldn't obstruct it, which of course it often does.
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ืžื” ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
09:31
So in place of curiosity, what we have is a culture of compliance.
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
ื”ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืช.
09:35
Our children and teachers are encouraged to follow routine algorithms
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ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืคื™ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉื™ื’ืจืชื™ื™ื
09:41
rather than to excite that power of imagination and curiosity.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
ื•ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื:
09:46
And the third principle is this: that human life is inherently creative.
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื.
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืจื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
09:50
It's why we all have different rรฉsumรฉs.
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09:52
We create our lives,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
09:54
and we can recreate them as we go through them.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
09:56
It's the common currency of being a human being.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
09:59
It's why human culture is so interesting and diverse and dynamic.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช, ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช
ื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช.
10:03
I mean, other animals may well have imaginations and creativity,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ
ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืื™ื•ืช,
10:07
but it's not so much in evidence, is it, as ours?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื•?
10:10
I mean, you may have a dog.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ื›ืœื‘.
10:12
And your dog may get depressed.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ.
10:15
You know, but it doesn't listen to Radiohead, does it?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœ"ืจื“ื™ื•ื”ื“", ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:22
And sit staring out the window with a bottle of Jack Daniels.
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ื•ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื•ื™ื‘ื”ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืขื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง "ื’'ืง ื“ื ื™ืืœืก".
10:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื•ืืชื” ืชืืžืจ, "ื‘ื ืœืš ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ?"
10:29
"Would you like to come for a walk?"
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10:30
"No, I'm fine."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื ื”, "ืœื, ืื ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
10:32
(Laughter)
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10:33
"You go. I'll wait. But take pictures."
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ืืชื” ืœืš. ืื ื™ ืื—ื›ื”. ืชืฆืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช."
10:37
(Laughter)
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10:39
We all create our own lives through this restless process
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื–ื”
10:42
of imagining alternatives and possibilities,
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ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
10:44
and one of the roles of education
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
10:47
is to awaken and develop these powers of creativity.
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10:50
Instead, what we have is a culture of standardization.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
10:54
Now, it doesn't have to be that way.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš. ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœื.
10:56
It really doesn't.
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10:58
Finland regularly comes out on top in math, science and reading.
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ืคื™ื ืœื ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข
ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืจื™ืื”.
11:03
Now, we only know that's what they do well at,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื
11:05
because that's all that's being tested.
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ื›ื™ ืจืง ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื”.
11:07
That's one of the problems of the test.
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ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช.
11:09
They don't look for other things that matter just as much.
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ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
11:12
The thing about work in Finland is this:
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ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ืœื ื“ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”:
ื”ื ืœื ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืœืœื•.
11:16
they don't obsess about those disciplines.
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11:18
They have a very broad approach to education,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš
11:20
which includes humanities, physical education, the arts.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื ื™, ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื ืœื ื“.
11:25
Second, there is no standardized testing in Finland.
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11:30
I mean, there's a bit,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช,
11:32
but it's not what gets people up in the morning,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ
ื•ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
11:34
what keeps them at their desks.
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11:36
The third thing -- and I was at a meeting recently
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
ืขื ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื™ื ืœื ื“, ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
11:38
with some people from Finland, actual Finnish people,
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11:41
and somebody from the American system was saying to the people in Finland,
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช
ืืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื™ื ืœื ื“
"ืžื” ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงืฆื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ื ืœื ื“?"
11:46
"What do you do about the drop-out rate in Finland?"
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11:49
And they all looked a bit bemused, and said,
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ื•ื”ื ื ืจืื• ืงืฆืช ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืืžืจื•,
"ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ื–ื•.
11:52
"Well, we don't have one.
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11:54
Why would you drop out?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™ืจื”?
11:56
If people are in trouble, we get to them quite quickly
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“
ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื• ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื•."
11:59
and we help and support them."
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12:00
Now people always say,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
12:02
"Well, you know, you can't compare Finland to America."
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ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืœื ื“ ื•ืืžืจื™ืงื”."
12:05
No. I think there's a population of around five million in Finland.
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ืœื. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”
ื‘ืคื™ื ืœื ื“ ืžื•ื ื” ื›-5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ.
ืื•ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืื—ืช ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
12:09
But you can compare it to a state in America.
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12:12
Many states in America have fewer people in them than that.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:16
I mean, I've been to some states in America
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ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
12:18
and I was the only person there.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:20
(Laughter)
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12:22
Really. Really.
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ื‘ืืžืช. ื‘ืืžืช. ื ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื.
12:24
I was asked to lock up when I left.
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12:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:30
But what all the high-performing systems in the world do
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช
12:34
is currently what is not evident, sadly,
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื”, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ,
12:38
across the systems in America --
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”-- ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
12:40
I mean, as a whole.
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12:42
One is this:
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืืฆืœื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช.
12:44
they individualize teaching and learning.
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12:47
They recognize that it's students who are learning
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ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
12:51
and the system has to engage them,
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
12:53
their curiosity, their individuality, and their creativity.
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ืืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
12:57
That's how you get them to learn.
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ื›ื›ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืœืžื•ื“.
12:59
The second is that they attribute a very high status
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืขืžื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“
13:03
to the teaching profession.
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ืœืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”.
13:06
They recognize that you can't improve education
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ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
13:09
if you don't pick great people to teach and keep giving them
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ืื ืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื
ื•ืื ืœื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืชืžื™ื“
13:12
constant support and professional development.
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ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
13:14
Investing in professional development is not a cost.
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ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืขืœื•ืช;
13:17
It's an investment,
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ื–ื• ื”ืฉืงืขื”,
13:18
and every other country that's succeeding well knows that,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื–ืืช,
13:21
whether it's Australia, Canada,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ืืช ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ืงื ื“ื”, ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”, ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ,
13:24
South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong or Shanghai.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ ืงื•ื ื’ ืื• ืฉื ื—ืื™. ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ื›ื” ื–ื”.
13:28
They know that to be the case.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
13:30
And the third is,
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13:31
they devolve responsibility to the school level
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ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”.
13:35
for getting the job done.
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13:37
You see, there's a big difference here
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืืŸ
13:39
between going into a mode of command and control in education --
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
13:43
That's what happens in some systems.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช.
ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜,
13:45
Central or state governments decide,
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ืื• ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื”
13:47
they know best and they're going to tell you what to do.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
13:50
The trouble is that education doesn't go on
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื ืžืชื‘ืฆืข
13:54
in the committee rooms of our legislative buildings.
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื.
13:57
It happens in classrooms and schools,
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ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ,
14:00
and the people who do it are the teachers and the students,
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
14:03
and if you remove their discretion, it stops working.
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ื•ืื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžื”ื ืืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื–ื” ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
14:07
You have to put it back to the people.
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14:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:14
There is wonderful work happening in this country.
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ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
14:17
But I have to say it's happening
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช
14:19
in spite of the dominant culture of education,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืช,
14:22
not because of it.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื”.
14:23
It's like people are sailing into a headwind all the time.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืคืœื™ื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื•ื—.
14:27
And the reason I think is this:
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช:
14:29
that many of the current policies
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช
14:31
are based on mechanistic conceptions of education.
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ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
14:35
It's like education is an industrial process
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™
14:39
that can be improved just by having better data,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืชื• ืœื,
14:42
and somewhere in the back of the mind of some policy makers
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ื•ืื™ืคืฉื”ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ื™ืจื›ืชื™ ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื
ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื ืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ:
14:45
is this idea that if we fine-tune it well enough, if we just get it right,
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"ืื ืจืง ื ื›ื™ื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืื ืจืง ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ื›ืš,
14:49
it will all hum along perfectly into the future.
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื."
14:52
It won't, and it never did.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื‘ื“.
14:55
The point is that education is not a mechanical system.
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืช.
14:59
It's a human system.
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ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื,
15:01
It's about people,
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15:03
people who either do want to learn or don't want to learn.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“.
15:06
Every student who drops out of school has a reason for it
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ืœื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉื ื•ืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš,
15:11
which is rooted in their own biography.
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ืฉื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœื•.
15:13
They may find it boring.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื• ืžืฉืขืžื, ืœื-ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™.
15:15
They may find it irrelevant.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื ื’ืฉ
15:17
They may find that it's at odds with the life they're living outside of school.
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ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืคื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
15:22
There are trends, but the stories are always unique.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ืฉืœ--
15:26
I was at a meeting recently in Los Angeles of --
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15:28
they're called alternative education programs.
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ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื”: "ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช".
15:31
These are programs designed to get kids back into education.
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ืืœื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
15:34
They have certain common features.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื:
15:36
They're very personalized.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืื“ ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช-ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
15:38
They have strong support for the teachers,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืžื•ืจื™ื,
15:41
close links with the community and a broad and diverse curriculum,
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ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช,
15:45
and often programs which involve students outside school as well as inside school.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื
ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื•.
15:50
And they work.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช.
15:52
What's interesting to me is, these are called "alternative education."
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™,
ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืงืจืื•ืช "ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื—ืœื•ืคื™."
15:56
(Laughter)
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15:57
You know?
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ื›ืŸ?
15:59
And all the evidence from around the world is,
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ื•ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
16:01
if we all did that, there'd be no need for the alternative.
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ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื ื”ื’ ื›ืš, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช.
16:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:13
(Applause ends)
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืืžืฅ ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืื—ืจ.
16:14
So I think we have to embrace a different metaphor.
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16:16
We have to recognize that it's a human system,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
16:19
and there are conditions under which people thrive,
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื™ื,
ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœื.
16:23
and conditions under which they don't.
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16:25
We are after all organic creatures,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื,
16:28
and the culture of the school is absolutely essential.
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ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช/ืชืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
16:33
Culture is an organic term, isn't it?
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช/ืชืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ื— ืื•ืจื’ื ื™, ืœื?
16:35
Not far from where I live is a place called Death Valley.
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ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื "ืขืžืง ื”ืžื•ื•ืช".
16:39
Death Valley is the hottest, driest place in America,
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ืขืžืง ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื ื•ื”ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
16:45
and nothing grows there.
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ื•ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื’ื“ืœ ืฉื.
ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื’ื“ืœ ืฉื ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื’ืฉื.
16:48
Nothing grows there because it doesn't rain.
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16:50
Hence, Death Valley.
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ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืฉื "ืขืžืง ื”ืžื•ื•ืช".
16:52
In the winter of 2004, it rained in Death Valley.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 2004 ื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
17:00
Seven inches of rain fell over a very short period.
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ื™ืจื“ื• 178 ืž"ืž ื’ืฉื ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“.
ื•ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ 2005 ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืชื•ืคืขื”.
17:04
And in the spring of 2005, there was a phenomenon.
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17:09
The whole floor of Death Valley was carpeted in flowers for a while.
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ื›ืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ืขืžืง ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืกืชื” ื‘ืžืจื‘ื“ื™ ืคืจื—ื™ื
ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ.
17:15
What it proved is this:
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืขืžืง ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืช,
17:17
that Death Valley isn't dead.
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ืืœื ืจื“ื•ื.
17:21
It's dormant.
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17:23
Right beneath the surface are these seeds of possibility
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
ื•ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื,
17:27
waiting for the right conditions to come about,
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17:30
and with organic systems, if the conditions are right,
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ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช, ืื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื,
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืขื™ื. ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
17:34
life is inevitable.
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17:36
It happens all the time.
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17:37
You take an area, a school, a district,
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ, ืžื—ื•ื–,
17:40
you change the conditions, give people a different sense of possibility,
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ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช,
17:43
a different set of expectations, a broader range of opportunities,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”,
ืงืฉืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
17:46
you cherish and value the relationships between teachers and learners,
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ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื,
ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™
17:50
you offer people the discretion to be creative
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17:52
and to innovate in what they do,
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ื•ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื™ืกื•ืงื,
17:54
and schools that were once bereft spring to life.
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ื•ื‘ืชื™-ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืชื™ื, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
17:57
Great leaders know that.
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื“ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
17:59
The real role of leadership in education --
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ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš--
18:01
and I think it's true at the national level,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช,
18:03
the state level, at the school level --
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ื‘ืจืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ--
18:05
is not and should not be command and control.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื•ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
18:10
The real role of leadership is climate control,
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจืช ืืงืœื™ื,
18:14
creating a climate of possibility.
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช.
18:16
And if you do that, people will rise to it
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ื•ืื ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆืžื—ื• ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš
18:19
and achieve things that you completely did not anticipate
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ื•ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื—ื–ื™ืชื
18:22
and couldn't have expected.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช.
18:24
There's a wonderful quote from Benjamin Franklin.
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื” ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ:
18:26
"There are three sorts of people in the world:
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"ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
18:29
Those who are immovable,
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ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื–ื”,
ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
18:32
people who don't get it,
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18:33
or don't want to do anything about it;
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
18:35
there are people who are movable,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืืœื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื–ื”,
18:36
people who see the need for change
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
18:38
and are prepared to listen to it;
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ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•.
18:40
and there are people who move,
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืืœื” ืฉื–ื–ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื:
18:42
people who make things happen."
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช."
18:44
And if we can encourage more people, that will be a movement.
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ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
ื”ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืชื ื•ืขื”.
18:49
And if the movement is strong enough,
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ื•ืื ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื“ื™ื”,
18:51
that's, in the best sense of the word, a revolution.
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ื–ื•, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืคื›ื”.
18:54
And that's what we need.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื•.
18:56
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
18:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:01
Thank you very much.
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19:02
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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