Laura Boushnak: For these women, reading is a daring act

135,506 views ใƒป 2015-02-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:12
As an Arab female photographer,
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ื›ืฆืœืžืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื”,
00:14
I have always found ample inspiration for my projects in personal experiences.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆืืชื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
00:19
The passion I developed for knowledge,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืคืชื— ื™ื“ืข,
00:21
which allowed me to break barriers towards a better life
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:25
was the motivation for my project I Read I Write.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื™ ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช
00:29
Pushed by my own experience,
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ื ื“ื—ืคืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™,
00:31
as I was not allowed initially to pursue my higher education,
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืจืฉืชื™ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื,
00:35
I decided to explore and document stories of other women
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœืชืขื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
00:39
who changed their lives through education,
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ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
00:42
while exposing and questioning the barriers they face.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ืžืืชื’ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื.
00:46
I covered a range of topics that concern women's education,
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ื›ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื ื’ืขื• ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื ืฉื™ื,
00:49
keeping in mind the differences among Arab countries
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช
00:52
due to economic and social factors.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
00:55
These issues include female illiteracy, which is quite high in the region;
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ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื ืœืคื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”;
00:59
educational reforms; programs for dropout students;
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ืจืคืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš; ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืจื•;
01:04
and political activism among university students.
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ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
01:08
As I started this work,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:09
it was not always easy to convince the women to participate.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ.
01:13
Only after explaining to them
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ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื”ืŸ
01:14
how their stories might influence other women's lives,
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ืื™ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
01:17
how they would become role models for their own community, did some agree.
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ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื—ืœืงืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•.
01:22
Seeking a collaborative and reflexive approach,
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืจืคืœืงืกื™ื‘ื™ืช,
01:25
I asked them to write their own words and ideas
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ืŸ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ
01:29
on prints of their own images.
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ืื• ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
01:31
Those images were then shared in some of the classrooms,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉื•ืชืคื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช,
01:34
and worked to inspire and motivate other women
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
01:37
going through similar educations and situations.
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
01:42
Aisha, a teacher from Yemen, wrote,
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ืขื™ื™ืฉื”, ืžื•ืจื” ืžืชื™ืžืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื”,
01:45
"I sought education in order to be independent
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"ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช
01:48
and to not count on men with everything."
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ื•ืœื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ืœ."
01:51
One of my first subjects was Umm El-Saad from Egypt.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื ืืœ ืกืขื“ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื™ื.
01:55
When we first met, she was barely able to write her name.
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ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืกื’ืœืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ืฉืžื”.
01:58
She was attending a nine-month literacy program
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืช ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
02:01
run by a local NGO in the Cairo suburbs.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืจ.
02:04
Months later, she was joking that her husband
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ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื“ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื”
02:06
had threatened to pull her out of the classes,
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ืื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
02:08
as he found out that his now literate wife
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื“ืขื” ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘
02:10
was going through his phone text messages.
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ืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœื•.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:15
Naughty Umm El-Saad.
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ืื• ืืœ ืกืขื“ ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื”.
02:16
Of course, that's not why Umm El-Saad joined the program.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื•ื ืืœ ืกืขื“ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
02:21
I saw how she was longing to gain control over her simple daily routines,
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉืงื” ืฉืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
02:25
small details that we take for granted,
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ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื,
02:27
from counting money at the market to helping her kids in homework.
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ืžืกืคื™ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืœืขื–ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
02:31
Despite her poverty and her community's mindset,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
02:34
which belittles women's education,
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ืฉืžื–ืœื–ืœืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื ืฉื™ื,
02:37
Umm El-Saad, along with her Egyptian classmates,
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ืื•ื ืืœ ืกืขื“, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื•ืช,
02:39
was eager to learn how to read and write.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื•ื˜ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘.
02:44
In Tunisia, I met Asma,
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ื‘ืชื•ื ื™ืก, ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืืกืžื”,
02:46
one of the four activist women I interviewed.
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ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™.
02:49
The secular bioengineering student is quite active on social media.
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
02:54
Regarding her country, which treasured what has been called the Arab Spring,
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ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”, ืฉืื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™, ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช
02:59
she said, "I've always dreamt of discovering a new bacteria.
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"ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืœืžืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
03:02
Now, after the revolution, we have a new one every single day."
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื—ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
03:06
Asma was referring to the rise of religious fundamentalism in the region,
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ืืกืžื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืžื ื“ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ,
03:11
which is another obstacle to women in particular.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ.
03:15
Out of all the women I met, Fayza from Yemen affected me the most.
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™, ืคืื™ื–ื” ืžืชื™ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
03:20
Fayza was forced to drop out of school at the age of eight when she was married.
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ืคืื™ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ืจื—ื” ืœื ืฉื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื”.
03:25
That marriage lasted for a year.
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืฉื ื”.
03:28
At 14, she became the third wife of a 60-year-old man,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 14, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ 60,
03:32
and by the time she was 18, she was a divorced mother of three.
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ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18 ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ืื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
03:36
Despite her poverty,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื”,
03:39
despite her social status as a divorcรฉe in an ultra-conservative society,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช,
03:44
and despite the opposition of her parents to her going back to school,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
03:48
Fayza knew that her only way to control her life was through education.
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ืคืื™ื–ื” ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
03:53
She is now 26.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืช 26.
03:55
She received a grant from a local NGO
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ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืขื ืง ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—
03:57
to fund her business studies at the university.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
04:00
Her goal is to find a job, rent a place to live in,
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื•ืจ,
04:03
and bring her kids back with her.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ืื™ืชื”.
04:07
The Arab states are going through tremendous change,
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื“ื™ืจ,
04:11
and the struggles women face are overwhelming.
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ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื.
04:14
Just like the women I photographed,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆืœืžืช,
04:16
I had to overcome many barriers to becoming the photographer I am today,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฆืœืžืช ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
04:20
many people along the way telling me what I can and cannot do.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
04:25
Umm El-Saad, Asma and Fayza, and many women across the Arab world,
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ืื•ื ืืœ ืกืขื“, ืืกืžื” ื•ืคืื™ื–ื”, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™,
04:30
show that it is possible to overcome barriers to education,
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ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
04:34
which they know is the best means to a better future.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:38
And here I would like to end with a quote by Yasmine,
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ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ืกืžื™ืŸ,
04:42
one of the four activist women I interviewed in Tunisia.
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ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื ื™ืก.
04:45
Yasmine wrote,
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ื™ืกืžื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื”,
04:47
"Question your convictions.
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"ืคืงืคืงื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
04:49
Be who you to want to be, not who they want you to be.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืœื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื•.
04:53
Don't accept their enslavement, for your mother birthed you free."
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ืืœ ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืžื›ื ื™ืœื“ื” ืืชื›ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื."
04:56
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
04:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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