Lee Cronin: Print your own medicine

88,768 views ใƒป 2013-02-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
Organic chemists make molecules,
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ื›ื™ืžืื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช,
00:18
very complicated molecules,
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ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“,
00:20
by chopping up a big molecule into small molecules
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืงืฆืฆื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
00:24
and reverse engineering.
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื.
00:25
And as a chemist,
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ื•ื›ื›ื™ืžืื™,
00:27
one of the things I wanted to ask my research group a couple of years ago is,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื”,
00:30
could we make a really cool universal chemistry set?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืจื›ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืช?
00:34
In essence, could we "app" chemistry?
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื•ืŸ?
00:39
Now what would this mean, and how would we do it?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
00:42
Well to start to do this,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืš,
00:44
we took a 3D printer
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“
00:46
and we started to print our beakers and our test tubes on one side
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“
00:50
and then print the molecule at the same time on the other side
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืืช ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™
00:54
and combine them together in what we call reactionware.
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ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืชื•ื’ื‘ื”".
00:58
And so by printing the vessel and doing the chemistry at the same time,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืคืกืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
01:02
we may start to access this universal toolkit of chemistry.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
01:07
Now what could this mean?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš?
01:09
Well if we can embed biological and chemical networks like a search engine,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ,
01:14
so if you have a cell that's ill that you need to cure
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ืื– ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
01:17
or bacteria that you want to kill,
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ืื• ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’,
01:19
if you have this embedded in your device
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœื›ื
01:21
at the same time, and you do the chemistry,
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ื‘ื•-ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืืชื ืืœื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื”,
01:24
you may be able to make drugs in a new way.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”.
01:27
So how are we doing this in the lab?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”?
01:30
Well it requires software, it requires hardware
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจื”,
01:33
and it requires chemical inks.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ื™ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ืช.
01:35
And so the really cool bit is,
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”,
01:37
the idea is that we want to have a universal set of inks
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจืš ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ื™ื•
01:40
that we put out with the printer,
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ืฉื ืžื›ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื“ืคืกืช,
01:42
and you download the blueprint, the organic chemistry for that molecule
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ื•ืืชื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช, ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื”
01:46
and you make it in the device.
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื.
01:49
And so you can make your molecule in the printer using this software.
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ื•ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžื“ืคืกืช, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:55
So what could this mean?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš?
01:57
Well, ultimately, it could mean that you could print your own medicine.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
02:02
And this is what we're doing in the lab at the moment.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
02:04
But to take baby steps to get there,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ.
02:06
first of all we want to look at drug design and production,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”,
02:09
or drug discovery and manufacturing.
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ืื• ืืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื”.
02:11
Because if we can manufacture it after we've discovered it,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื”,
02:14
we could deploy it anywhere.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
02:16
You don't need to go to the chemist anymore.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช-ืžืจืงื—ืช.
02:18
We can print drugs at point of need.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
02:21
We can download new diagnostics.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:24
Say a new super bug has emerged.
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ืคืจ-ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง.
02:26
You put it in your search engine,
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ืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ,
02:27
and you create the drug to treat the threat.
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
02:30
So this allows you on-the-fly molecular assembly.
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ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
02:34
But perhaps for me the core bit going into the future
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ืืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืขืชื™ื“
02:37
is this idea of taking your own stem cells,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืœื•,
02:40
with your genes and your environment,
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ืขื ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•,
02:42
and you print your own personal medicine.
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ื•ื™ื“ืคื™ืก ืœืขืฆืžื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช-ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
02:46
And if that doesn't seem fanciful enough,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง,
02:48
where do you think we're going to go?
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ืœืืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข?
02:50
Well, you're going to have your own personal matter fabricator.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืคืจื˜ื™.
02:54
Beam me up, Scotty.
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"ืฉื’ืจ ืื•ืชื™, ืกืงื•ื˜ื™."
02:56
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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