Stewart Brand: Why squatter cities are a good thing

41,217 views ใƒป 2008-04-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ariella Cwikel
00:26
Basically, there's a major demographic event going on.
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:29
And it may be that passing the 50 percent urban point
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ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืฆื™ื™ืช ืงื• 50 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช
00:32
is an economic tipping point. So the world now is a map of connectivity.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื›ืขืช ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
00:40
It used to be that Paris and London and New York were the largest cities.
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ืคืขื ืคืจื™ืก, ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื• ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:45
What we have now is the end of the rise of the West. That's over.
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืงืฅ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘. ื–ื” ื ื’ืžืจ.
00:51
The aggregate numbers are overwhelming.
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ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:53
So what's really going on? Well, villages of the world are emptying out.
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ืื– ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื•ืจื”? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืจื•ืงื ื™ื.
01:05
The question is, why?
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื: ืžื“ื•ืข?
01:07
And here's the unromantic truth -- and the city air makes you free,
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ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช: '...ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื™ืืš ืœื—ืคืฉื™',
01:12
they said in Renaissance Germany. So some people go to places
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ืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื ืกื ืก. ืื– ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื•
01:15
like Shanghai but most go to the squatter cities where aesthetics rule.
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ืฉื ื’ื—ืื™, ืืš ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืœื-ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช.
01:21
And these are not really a people oppressed by poverty.
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ื•ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ ืขื•ื ื™.
01:23
They're people getting out of poverty as fast as they can.
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ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื.
01:26
They're the dominant builders and to a large extent, the dominant designers.
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ืืœื• ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื’ื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
01:30
They have home-brewed infrastructure and vibrant urban life.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืชื•ืกืกื™ื.
01:32
One-sixth of the GDP in India is coming out of Mumbai.
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ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™.
01:37
They are constantly upgrading, and in a few cases, the government helps.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชื“ืจื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจืช.
01:41
Education is the main event that can happen in cities.
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ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
01:44
What's going on in the street in Mumbai?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™?
01:46
Al Gore knows. It's basically everything.
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ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื›ืœ.
01:53
There's no unemployment in squatter cities. Everyone works.
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ืื™ืŸ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช. ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
02:06
One-sixth of humanity is there. It's soon going to be more than that.
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ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื” ืฉื. ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื–ื” ื™ื’ื“ืœ.
02:10
So here's the first punch line:
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:
02:13
cities have defused the population bomb.
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ื”ืขืจื™ื ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื• ืืช ืคืฆืฆืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ.
02:19
And here's the second punch line.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฅ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”:
02:24
That's the news from downtown. Here it is in perspective.
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ืืœื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
02:58
Stars have shined down on earth's life for billions of years.
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ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื–ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉื ื”.
03:01
Now we're shining right back up.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืฆื ืฆื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
03:11
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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