The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen | Takaharu Tezuka

1,422,164 views ・ 2015-04-14

TED


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譯者: 杏儀 歐陽 審譯者: Jinmian Wang
00:18
This is a kindergarten we designed in 2007.
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2007年我們設計了這一個幼兒園
00:22
We made this kindergarten to be a circle.
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我們將幼兒園設計成環帶狀
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation on top of the roof.
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樓頂環狀循環,沒有盡頭
00:29
If you are a parent,
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要是你有孩子
00:31
you know that kids love to keep making circles.
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你就知道,小孩子喜歡兜圈
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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這就是樓頂外觀。
00:39
And why did we design this?
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為什麼我們這樣設計?
00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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幼兒園園長說:
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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「我不想要欄杆」
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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我說:這不可能啊
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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但他堅持說: 「要不在樓頂兩邊安裝一張網?」
00:55
So that it can catch the children falling off?"
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「這樣就可以接住掉下來的孩子」
00:57
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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我說:這不可能
01:01
And of course, the government official said,
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當然政府官員說:
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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「欄杆是必須要有的。」
01:10
But we could keep that idea around the trees.
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但我們可以將網用在樹邊
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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這裡突出來三棵樹
01:17
And we were allowed to call this rope as a handrail.
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而且我們可以把把邊上的繩子叫欄杆
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing to do with them.
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但當然绳子本身與欄杆無關
01:26
They fall into the net.
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小孩掉進網裡
01:29
And you get more,
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然後又有更多的小孩去
01:32
and more,
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還有更多
01:35
more.
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更多
01:36
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
01:37
Sometimes 40 children are around a tree.
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有時樹邊會有40個小孩
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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樹幹上的那個男孩
01:44
he loves the tree so he is eating the tree.
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他很喜歡那棵樹 所以他在吃那棵樹
01:47
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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要是有活動
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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孩子們會坐在樓頂邊上
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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從下往上看真不錯
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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動物園的猴子
02:00
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
02:04
Feeding time.
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餵食時間
02:06
(Laughter) (Applause)
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「笑聲」 「掌聲」
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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我們盡量把樓頂設計得低一點
02:15
because we wanted to see children on top of the roof,
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因為我們希望看到樓頂的孩子
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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孩子不會祗留在樓底
02:22
And if the roof is too high, you see only the ceiling.
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樓頂太高的話,就祗能看到天花板
02:27
And the leg washing place -- there are many kinds of water taps.
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這是洗腳的地方 這裡有很多水龍頭
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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大家看見那些活動水管
02:34
you want to spray water to your friends,
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要是你想要往朋友身上灑水
02:37
and the shower,
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還有沐浴噴頭
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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相片中的水龍頭很普通
02:41
But if you look at this,
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但要是大家仔細看
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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這小男孩不是在洗靴子
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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他在將水灌進靴子裡
02:46
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
02:53
This kindergarten is completely open, most of the year.
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一年裡,這個幼兒園大部分時間都是完全開放的
02:59
And there is no boundary between inside and outside.
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戶內和戶外沒有限界
03:03
So it means basically this architecture is a roof.
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簡單來說,這個建築物就祗是一個屋頂
03:07
And also there is no boundary between classrooms.
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課室和課室之間也沒有限界
03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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所以這裡也沒有聲音的限界
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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把那麼多孩子 放在一個安靜的箱子裡
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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有些孩子會覺得很緊張
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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但是在這所幼兒園裡
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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孩子們不會覺得緊張
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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因為這裡沒有限界
03:33
And the principal says
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幼兒園園長說:
03:35
if the boy in the corner doesn't want to stay in the room,
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要是邊上的男孩不想呆在室內
03:39
we let him go.
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我們就讓他出去
03:41
He will come back eventually, because it's a circle, it comes back.
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他會回來的 這裡就一個圓圈,總會繞回來
03:44
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
03:48
But the point is, in that kind of occasion,
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重點是:在類似的情況下
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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孩子一般會試著躲起來
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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但在這裡他們跑開了又會回來
03:58
It's a natural process.
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非常自然的過程
04:00
And secondly, we consider noise very important.
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第二,我們認為噪音很重要
04:07
You know that children sleep better in noise.
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大家知道,小孩在噪音中睡得更香
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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他們在安靜的環境下睡不著
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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在這個幼兒園
04:20
these children show amazing concentration in class.
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這些小孩在課堂裡表現出驚人的集中力
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up in the jungle with noise.
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大家知道,我們的祖先是在森林噪音中成長的
04:33
They need noise.
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孩子們需要噪音
04:35
And you know, you can talk to your friends in a noisy bar.
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大家可以在嘈雜的酒吧裡與朋友聊天
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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大家不應該停留在無聲狀態
04:43
And you know, these days
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大家也知道,現在
04:46
we are trying to make everything under control.
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大家都在不斷嘗試控制所有事物
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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這裡是完全開放的
04:54
And you should know that
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大家也應該知道
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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冬天零下20度我們出去滑冰
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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夏天就去游泳
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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沙子溫度有50度
05:08
And also, you should know that you are waterproof.
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大家也應該知道:我們是防水的
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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你不會在雨中溶掉
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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所以孩子們是應該留在戶外的
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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我們就應該這樣對待孩子
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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這就是孩子們隔分課室的方式
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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他們本應該幫助老師的
05:27
They don't.
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他們…不幫
05:29
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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不是我把他放進去的
05:39
A classroom.
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課室
05:42
And a washbasin.
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還有洗手盆
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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他們在洗手盆邊聊天
05:49
And there are always some trees in the classroom.
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課室裡總會有些樹
05:55
A monkey trying to fish another monkey from above.
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一隻猴子試著把另一隻猴子釣上去
05:59
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
06:01
Monkeys.
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猴子
06:02
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
06:04
And each classroom has at least one skylight.
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每個課室至少有一個天窗
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus comes down at the time of Christmas.
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聖誕節裡聖誕老人就是從這裡下來的
06:19
This is the annex building,
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這是附樓
06:21
right next to that oval-shaped kindergarten.
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就在橢圓形幼兒園旁邊
06:26
The building is only five meters tall with seven floors.
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這座建築衹有5米高,共七層
06:31
And of course, the ceiling height is very low.
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當然天花高度很低
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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所以你必須考慮安全問題
06:38
So, we put our children, a daughter and a son.
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我們放入我們的孩子 一個男孩,一個女孩
06:43
They tried to go in.
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他們試著跑進去
06:47
He hit his head.
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他撞到頭了
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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他沒事,頭顱很結實
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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他復原能力很強,我的兒子
06:58
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
07:01
And he is trying to see if it is safe to jump off.
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他在看跳下去安不安全
07:05
And then we put other children.
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然後我們放入其他小孩
07:12
The traffic jam is awful in Tokyo, as you know.
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大家知道,東京交通阻塞相當嚴重
07:15
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
07:16
The driver in front, she needs to learn how to drive.
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前方司機,她需要學習如何駕駛
07:21
Now these days,
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現今
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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小孩子需要嘗試一些輕微危險的滋味
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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在這種情況下
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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他們學會互相幫助
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of opportunity we are losing these days.
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這就是小社會。 而我們現今的社會正缺少這樣的(教育)機會
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing the movement of a boy
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這幅圖顯示一個小男孩的活動範圍
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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時間段是9:10至9:30
08:01
And the circumference of this building is 183 meters.
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這座建築圓周為183米
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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所以一點也不小
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters in the morning.
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這個男孩在早上跑了6000米
08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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更讓人驚奇的還在後面
08:19
The children in this kindergarten do 4,000 meters on average.
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這個幼兒園的孩子平均跑4000米
08:27
And these children have the highest athletic abilities
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這些小孩跟其他許多幼兒園的小孩相比
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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有最高的運動能力
08:43
The principal says,
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幼兒園園長說:
08:45
"I don't train them. We leave them on top of the roof.
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「我不去訓練他們。 我們把他們放在樓頂。」
08:51
Just like sheep."
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「就像羊群一樣」
08:52
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
08:54
They keep running.
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他們一直跑
08:56
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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我的觀點是:不要去控制他們
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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不要過分保護他們
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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他們有時需要跌倒
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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也需要受一點傷
09:14
And that makes them learn
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那樣會讓他們學習
09:17
how to live in this world.
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如果在這個世界生存
09:23
I think architecture is capable of changing this world,
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我認為建築是能夠改變這個世界的
09:31
and people's lives.
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建築能改變人們的生活
09:33
And this is one of the attempts to change the lives of children.
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這也是改變孩子們生活的一種嘗試
09:40
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝
09:42
(Applause)
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「掌聲」
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