Militant atheism | Richard Dawkins

Prevodilac: Ilija Bilic Lektor: Jelena Ban

Ta divna muzika, uvodna muzika...

That splendid music, the coming-in music,

"The Elephant March" from "Aida," is the music I've chosen for my funeral.

"Marš slonova" iz Aide - to je muzika koju sam odabrao za svoju sahranu.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And you can see why. It's triumphal.

Možete da vidite i zašto. Trijumfalna je.

I won't feel anything, but if I could,

Ja ću... Ja neću osećati ništa, ali kada bih mogao,

I would feel triumphal at having lived at all,

osećao bih se trijumfalno zato što sam uopšte živeo,

and at having lived on this splendid planet,

što sam živeo na ovoj predivnoj planeti,

and having been given the opportunity to understand

i što sam imao priliku da razumem

something about why I was here in the first place, before not being here.

nešto o tome zašto sam uopšte i bio ovde, pre nego što nisam bio ovde.

Can you understand my quaint English accent?

Da li razumete moj čudni engleski naglasak?

(Laughter)

Like everybody else, I was entranced yesterday by the animal session.

Kao i svi, bio sam zadivljen jučerašnjom sekcijom o životinjama,

Robert Full and Frans Lanting and others;

Rovertom Fulom i Fransom Lentingom i ostalima,

the beauty of the things that they showed.

i lepotom stvari koje su prikazali.

The only slight jarring note was when Jeffrey Katzenberg said of the mustang,

Jedina stvar koja mi je parala uši bila je kada je Džefri Kacenberg rekao za mustanga:

"the most splendid creatures that God put on this earth."

"Najveličanstvenija bića koja je Bog stavio na Zemlji."

Now of course, we know that he didn't really mean that,

Naravno, svi mi znamo da on to nije zapravo mislio,

but in this country at the moment, you can't be too careful.

ali danas u ovoj zemlji ne možeš biti suviše pažljiv.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

I'm a biologist, and the central theorem of our subject: the theory of design,

Ja sam biolog, i centralna teorema moje struke: teorija postanja,

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Darvinova teorija evolucije putem prirodne selekcije.

In professional circles everywhere, it's of course universally accepted.

U svim stručnim krugovima ona je potpuno prihvaćena.

In non-professional circles outside America, it's largely ignored.

U nestručnim krugovima izvan Amerike ona se uglavnom ignoriše.

But in non-professional circles within America,

Ali, u nestručnim krugovima u Americi,

it arouses so much hostility --

ona izaziva toliko neprijateljskih reakcija...

(Laughter)

(smeh)

it's fair to say that American biologists are in a state of war.

da je potpuno ispravno reći da su američki biolozi u ratnom stanju.

The war is so worrying at present,

Taj rat toliko zabrinjava trenutno,

with court cases coming up in one state after another,

sa sudskim parnicama koje se pokreću u sve većem broju država,

that I felt I had to say something about it.

da sam morao da kažem nešto o tome.

If you want to know what I have to say about Darwinism itself,

Ako vas zanima šta imam da kažem o darvinizmu kao takvom,

I'm afraid you're going to have to look at my books,

to možete da saznate u mojim knjigama,

which you won't find in the bookstore outside.

koje nećete naći u knjžari prekoputa.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Contemporary court cases

Savremeni sudski procesi

often concern an allegedly new version of creationism,

se često tiču navodne nove verzije kreacionizma,

called "Intelligent Design," or ID.

koja se naziva "inteligentni dizajn", ili samo ID.

Don't be fooled. There's nothing new about ID.

Ne dajte se prevariti. Ništa nije novo u vezi sa ID-om.

It's just creationism under another name,

To je čist kreacionizam sa drugačijim imenom.

rechristened -- I choose the word advisedly --

Prekršten, pažljivo biram tu reč,

(Laughter)

(smeh)

for tactical, political reasons.

iz taktičkih i političkih razloga.

The arguments of so-called ID theorists

Argumenti takozvanih teoretičara inteligentnog dizajna

are the same old arguments that had been refuted again and again,

su oni isti stari argumenti koji su oboreni mnogo puta, ponovo i ponovo,

since Darwin down to the present day.

od vremena Darvina pa do danas.

There is an effective evolution lobby

Postoji i efikasan evolucionistički lobi

coordinating the fight on behalf of science,

koji koordinira borbom u ime nauke,

and I try to do all I can to help them,

i ja se trudim da uradim sve što mogu kako bih mu pomogao,

but they get quite upset when people like me dare to mention

dok se oni poprilično uzrujaju kada se ljudi poput mene usude da istaknu

that we happen to be atheists as well as evolutionists.

da smo mi i ateisti i evolucionisti.

They see us as rocking the boat, and you can understand why.

Oni nas doživljavaju kao provokatore, a sigurno razumete zašto.

Creationists, lacking any coherent scientific argument for their case,

Kreacionisti, u nedostatku bilo kakvog suvislog naučnog argumenta

fall back on the popular phobia against atheism:

koriste popularnu fobiju od ateizma.

Teach your children evolution in biology class,

Izvolite predavati deci evoluciju na časovima biologije,

and they'll soon move on to drugs, grand larceny and sexual "pre-version."

i ona će uskoro da se drogiraju, postaće kriminalci i perverznjaci.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

In fact, of course, educated theologians from the Pope down

Zapravo, obrazovani teolozi od Pape na niže

are firm in their support of evolution.

čvrsto podržavaju evoluciju.

This book, "Finding Darwin's God," by Kenneth Miller,

Ova knjiga Keneta Milera, "Pronalazak Darvinovog boga",

is one of the most effective attacks on Intelligent Design that I know

jedan je od najefikasnijih napada na inteligentni dizajn koje sam video,

a još je efikasniji zato što ju je napisao

and it's all the more effective because it's written by a devout Christian.

pobožni hrišćanin.

People like Kenneth Miller could be called a "godsend" to the evolution lobby,

Ljude poput Keneta Milera možemo nazvati Bogom danim za evolucionistički lobi

(Laughter)

(smeh)

because they expose the lie that evolutionism is, as a matter of fact,

zato što otkrivaju laž da je evolucionizam zapravo

tantamount to atheism.

isto što i ateizam.

People like me, on the other hand, rock the boat.

Sa druge strane, ljudi poput mene su provokatori.

But here, I want to say something nice about creationists.

Ali sada želim da kažem i nešto lepo o kreacionistima.

It's not a thing I often do, so listen carefully.

Slušajte pažljivo, jer ovo ne radim često.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

I think they're right about one thing.

Mislim da su u jednoj stvari u pravu.

I think they're right that evolution

Mislim da su upravu kada kažu

is fundamentally hostile to religion.

da je evolucija u osnovi neprijatelj religiji.

I've already said that many individual evolutionists, like the Pope,

Već sam rekao da su mnogi evolucionisti, poput Pape,

are also religious, but I think they're deluding themselves.

religiozni, ali smatram da se zavaravaju.

I believe a true understanding of Darwinism

Verujem da pravo razumevanje darvinizma

is deeply corrosive to religious faith.

duboko nagriza religioznu veru.

Now, it may sound as though I'm about to preach atheism,

Može se učiniti da sam počeo da propovedam ateizam,

and I want to reassure you that that's not what I'm going to do.

ali želim da vas uverim da to nije ono što ću učiniti.

In an audience as sophisticated as this one,

To bi za tako prefinjenu publiku kao što je ova

that would be preaching to the choir.

bilo isto što i propovedanje crkvenom horu.

No, what I want to urge upon you --

Ne, ono što želim da vam ispropovedim

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Instead, what I want to urge upon you is militant atheism.

ono što zapravo želim da propovedam jeste militantni ateizam.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

(Applause)

(aplauz)

But that's putting it too negatively.

Ali to sad zvuči previše negativno.

If I was a person who were interested in preserving religious faith,

Da sam želeo, da samo osoba koja želi da očuva veru,

I would be very afraid of the positive power of evolutionary science,

bio bih jako uplašen snage nauke o evoluciji,

and indeed science generally, but evolution in particular,

kao i svake druge nauke, ali ove posebno...

to inspire and enthrall, precisely because it is atheistic.

snage da inspiriše i očara, upravo zato što je ona ateistička.

Now, the difficult problem for any theory of biological design

E sad, veliki problem za svaku teoriju biološkog dizajna

is to explain the massive statistical improbability of living things.

jeste objašnjenje statistički enormno malih verovatnoća za živa bića,

Statistical improbability in the direction of good design --

statističke neverovatnoće u pravcu pravilnog dizajna --

"complexity" is another word for this.

Kompleksnost je prava reč za ovo.

The standard creationist argument --

Standarni argument kreacionista - postoji samo jedan, a svi ostali se svode na ovaj jedan --

there is only one; they're all reduced to this one --

takes off from a statistical improbability.

polazi upravo od te statističke neverovatnoće.

Living creatures are too complex to have come about by chance;

Živa stvorenja su suviše kompleksna da bi nastala slučajnošću;

therefore, they must have had a designer.

i stoga mora postojati njihov tvorac.

This argument of course, shoots itself in the foot.

Ovakva tvrdnja, naravno, uskače sama sebi u stomak.

Ma kakav tvorac sposoban da stvori nešto vrlo složeno

Any designer capable of designing something really complex

has to be even more complex himself,

mora sam da bude još složeniji, i to je samo početak onoga što on treba da radi,

and that's before we even start on the other things he's expected to do,

a tu su i druge stvari, kao što su

like forgive sins, bless marriages, listen to prayers --

oproštaj grehova, blagoslov braka, uslišivanje molitva...

favor our side in a war --

-- navijanje za našu stranu u nekom ratu --

(Laughter)

(smeh)

disapprove of our sex lives, and so on.

-- osuđivanje naših seksualnih života, i tako dalje.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Complexity is the problem that any theory of biology has to solve,

Složenost je problem koji svaka biološka teorija mora da reši,

and you can't solve it by postulating an agent that is even more complex,

i nemoguće ga je rešiti pretpostavljanjem uzroka koji je još složeniji,

thereby simply compounding the problem.

čime problem postaje još složeniji.

Darwinian natural selection is so stunningly elegant

Darvinova prirpodna selekcija je toliko zadivljujuće elegantna,

because it solves the problem of explaining complexity

jer rešava taj problem tako što složenost

in terms of nothing but simplicity.

objašnjava koristeći samo jednostavnost.

Essentially, it does it by providing a smooth ramp

Ona to u osnovi čini preko glatkog uspona,

of gradual, step-by-step increment.

postepenog uspona, korak po korak.

But here, I only want to make the point

Ovde moram da naglasim da je poenta ove priče

that the elegance of Darwinism is corrosive to religion,

kako darvinizam nagriza religiju

precisely because it is so elegant, so parsimonious, so powerful,

upravo zato što on jeste elegantan, sveden, moćan,

so economically powerful.

štedljivo moćan.

On poseduje stabilnost prelepog visećeg mosta.

It has the sinewy economy of a beautiful suspension bridge.

The God theory is not just a bad theory.

A teorija o bogu nije samo loša teorija.

It turns out to be -- in principle --

Ispada da ona, u principu, ne može ni da drži vodu.

incapable of doing the job required of it.

So, returning to tactics and the evolution lobby,

Da se vratim na taktiku evolucionističkog lobija.

I want to argue that rocking the boat

Želim da istaknem da je provokacija možda i najbolji metod.

may be just the right thing to do.

My approach to attacking creationism is --

Moj pristup napadu kreacionizma je drugačiji od pristupa te struje.

unlike the evolution lobby --

my approach to attacking creationism is to attack religion as a whole.

Moj pristup napadu kreacionizma podrazumeva napad na religiju,

And at this point I need to acknowledge the remarkable taboo

i ovde se dotičem velikog tabua -

against speaking ill of religion,

zabrani pričanja lošeg o religiji,

and I'm going to do so in the words of the late Douglas Adams,

a ja ću to da učinim rečima pokojnog Daglasa Adamsa,

a dear friend who, if he never came to TED,

dragog prijatelja koji bi, ukoliko nije bio na TED-u

certainly should have been invited.

svakako trebalo da bude pozvan.

(Richard Saul Wurman: He was.)

(Richard Saul Wurman: Bio je pozvan.)

Richard Dawkins: He was. Good. I thought he must have been.

Bio je. Dobro! I mislio sam da je trebalo da bude.

He begins this speech, which was tape recorded in Cambridge

On svoj govor snimljen na Kembridžu,

shortly before he died --

neposredno pred smrt,

he begins by explaining how science works through the testing of hypotheses

započinje objašnjavajući na koji način nauka radi, kroz testiranje hipoteza,

that are framed to be vulnerable to disproof, and then he goes on.

koje su tako postavljene da budu slabe na opovrgavanje , a onda nastavlja.

I quote, "Religion doesn't seem to work like that.

Citiram: "Čini se da religija ne funkcioniše tako.

It has certain ideas at the heart of it, which we call 'sacred' or 'holy.'

U njenom središtu su određene ideje, koje nazivamo svetima.

What it means is: here is an idea or a notion

A to ustvari znači da o takvoj ideja ili tvrdnja

that you're not allowed to say anything bad about.

ne smeš da kažeš ni jednu lošu stvar.

You're just not. Why not? Because you're not."

Jednostavno ti nije dozvoljeno. A zašto? Zato što nije.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

"Why should it be that it's perfectly legitimate

Zašto bi bilo savršeno legitimno podržati republikance ili demokrate,

to support the Republicans or Democrats,

this model of economics versus that,

ovaj ili onaj ekonomski model, Mac umesto Windows-a,

Macintosh instead of Windows,

but to have an opinion about how the universe began,

a da je imati stav o tome kako je univerzum nastao,

about who created the universe --

ili o onome ko ga je stovrio - ne, to je sveto.

no, that's holy.

So, we're used to not challenging religious ideas,

Dakle, navikli smo da se religijske ideje ne izazivaju,

and it's very interesting how much of a furor Richard creates

i veoma je interesantna rekacija koju Ričard izaziva

when he does it." --

onda kada to radi." Mislio je na mene, ne na onog drugog.

He meant me, not that one.

"Everybody gets absolutely frantic about it,

"Svi se potpuno pomame oko toga,

because you're not allowed to say these things.

zato što izgovaranje takvih stvari nije dozvoljeno, ali kada se to posmatra racionalno,

Yet when you look at it rationally,

there's no reason why those ideas

ne postoji ni jedan razlog zbog koga o takvim idejama ne treba da se raspravlja,

shouldn't be as open to debate as any other,

kao o bilo kojim drugim; samo što smo se nekako složili međusobno

except that we've agreed somehow between us

that they shouldn't be."

da ne treba," i to je kraj citata.

And that's the end of the quote from Douglas.

In my view, not only is science corrosive to religion;

Smatram da ne samo da nauka nagriza religiju,

religion is corrosive to science.

već i da religija nagriza nauku.

It teaches people to be satisfied with trivial,

Ona (religija) uči ljude da budu zadovoljni trivijalnim, natprirodnim objašnjenjima,

supernatural non-explanations,

and blinds them to the wonderful, real explanations

i čini ih slepim za sjajna realistična objašnjenja koja već imamo da ponudimo.

that we have within our grasp.

It teaches them to accept authority, revelation and faith,

Uči ih da prihvate autoritet, otkrovenje i veru,

instead of always insisting on evidence.

umesto da uvek tragaju za dokazima.

There's Douglas Adams, magnificent picture from his book, "Last Chance to See."

Ovo je Daglas Adams, sjajna fotografija iz njegove knjige Poslednja šansa da progledamo. (Last Chance to See)

Now, there's a typical scientific journal,

A ovo je tipičan naučni časopis - Quarterly Review of Biology.

The Quarterly Review of Biology.

And I'm going to put together, as guest editor,

Kao gostujući urednik sastaviću

a special issue on the question, "Did an asteroid kill the dinosaurs?"

posebno izdanje posvećeno pitanju da li je asteroid ubio dinosauruse.

And the first paper is a standard scientific paper,

Prvi članak je standardni naučni članak

presenting evidence,

u kome se iznose dokazi, "Iridijumski sloj na K-T granici,

"Iridium layer at the K-T boundary,

and potassium argon dated crater in Yucatan,

kalijum-argonsko datiranje kratera u Jukatanu,

indicate that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

kao indikacija da je asteroid ubio dinosauruse."

Perfectly ordinary scientific paper.

Potpno standardan naučni rad.

Now, the next one.

Sad, sledeći: "Predsednik Kraljevskog društva

"The President of the Royal Society

has been vouchsafed a strong inner conviction

snažno i iskreno veruje... (smeh)

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

...da je asteroid ubio dinosauruse."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

"It has been privately revealed to Professor Huxtane

"Profesoru Hakstejnu je rečeno iz privatnih izvora

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

da je asteroid ubio dinosauruse"

(Laughter)

(smeh)

"Professor Hordley was brought up

"Profesor Horli je od malih nogu vaspitan tako

to have total and unquestioning faith" --

da poseduje potpunu i nepokolebljivu veru

(Laughter) --

(smeh)

"that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

"...da je asteroid ubio dinosauruse"

"Professor Hawkins has promulgated an official dogma

"Profesor Hokins propagira zvaničnu dogmu,

binding on all loyal Hawkinsians

koja je obavezna za sve odane hokinzijance,

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

da je asteroid ubio dinosauruse."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

That's inconceivable, of course.

To je, naravno, neprihvatljivo.

But suppose --

Ali pretpostavimo...

[Supporters of the Asteroid Theory cannot be patriotic citizens]

(Aplauz)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

In 1987, a reporter asked George Bush, Sr.

1987. godine jedan novinar upitao je Džordža Buša starijeg

whether he recognized the equal citizenship and patriotism

da li misli da su ateisti jednaki građani i patriote

of Americans who are atheists.

kao i ostali Amerikanci.

Mr. Bush's reply has become infamous.

Bušov sraman odgovor glasio je:

"No, I don't know that atheists should be considered citizens,

"Ne, nisam siguran da ateiste možemo smatrati građanima,

nor should they be considered patriots.

kao što ne treba da ih ubrajamo u patriote.

This is one nation under God."

Ovo je jedna nacija pod Bogom."

Bush's bigotry was not an isolated mistake,

Ovo nije Bušova izolovana omaška,

blurted out in the heat of the moment and later retracted.

iskazana u trenutnom verskom zanosu, a kasnije povučena.

He stood by it in the face of repeated calls for clarification or withdrawal.

On je se nije odrekao ni posle mnogih poziva za objašnjenje ili povlačenje reči.

He really meant it.

On je to stvarno mislio.

More to the point, he knew it posed no threat to his election --

Tačnioje, on je znao da to nije nikakva pretnja izbornim rezultatima, baš naprotiv.

quite the contrary.

Democrats as well as Republicans parade their religiousness

Demokrate i republikanci moraju da paradiraju svojom religioznošću

if they want to get elected.

ukoliko žele pobedu na izborima. Obe partije obraćaju se jednoj naciji pod bogom.

Both parties invoke "one nation under God."

What would Thomas Jefferson have said?

Šta bi na to rekao Tomas Džeferson?

[In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty]

Uzgred budi rečeni, obično nisam ponosan što sam Britanac,

Incidentally, I'm not usually very proud of being British,

but you can't help making the comparison.

ali ne mogu da izbegnem ovo poređenje.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

In practice, what is an atheist?

Šta praktično znači biti ateista?

An atheist is just somebody who feels about Yahweh

Ateista je neko ko o Jehovi (Bogu) misli isto što i

the way any decent Christian feels about Thor or Baal or the golden calf.

svaki pristojni hrišćanin misli o Toru ili Balu ili zlatnom teletu.

As has been said before, we are all atheists about most of the gods

Kao što je već rečeno, svi smo mi ateisti za većinu božanstava

that humanity has ever believed in.

u koje je čovečanstvo ikada verovalo. Neki od nas samo idu za još jednog boga dalje.

Some of us just go one god further.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

(Applause)

(aplauz)

And however we define atheism, it's surely the kind of academic belief

Kako god da definišemo ateizam, on je zasigurno oblik akademskog uverenja

that a person is entitled to hold without being vilified

na koje svaka osoba ima pravo, a da pritom ne bude opanjkavana

as an unpatriotic, unelectable non-citizen.

kao ne-patriota, ili neuračunjiv građanin.

Nevertheless, it's an undeniable fact that to own up to being an atheist

Bilo kako bilo, nepobitna je činjenica da je se ateisti

is tantamount to introducing yourself as Mr. Hitler or Miss Beelzebub.

danas predstavljaju kao g-din Hitler ili g-ža Belzebub.

And that all stems from the perception of atheists

Sve to proizilazi iz shvatanja da su ateisti

as some kind of weird, way-out minority.

neka uvrnuta manjina.

Natalie Angier wrote a rather sad piece in the New Yorker,

Natali Angier napisala je jedan tužan tekst za New Yorker,

saying how lonely she felt as an atheist.

u kome govori o tome koliko se usamljeno oseća kao ateistkinja.

She clearly feels in a beleaguered minority.

Objasnila je kako se oseća u toj opkoljenoj manjini.

But actually, how do American atheists stack up numerically?

A koliko je zapravo ateista u Americi?

The latest survey makes surprisingly encouraging reading.

Poslednje istraživanje pruža ohrabrujuće podatke.

Christianity, of course, takes a massive lion's share of the population,

Hrišćanstvo, naravno, zauzima ogromnu većinu populacije

koja broji blizu 160 miliona.

with nearly 160 million.

But what would you think was the second largest group,

Šta mislite, koja grupa zauzima drugo mesto,

convincingly outnumbering Jews with 2.8 million, Muslims at 1.1 million,

ubedljivo ispred 2.8 miliona Jevreja i 1.1 milion Muslimana,

Hindus, Buddhists and all other religions put together?

Hindusa, Budista i svih ostalih religija zajedno?

The second largest group, with nearly 30 million,

Drugo mesto, sa blizu 30 miliona

is the one described as non-religious or secular.

zauzima grupa koja se opisuje kao nereligiozna ili sekularna.

You can't help wondering why vote-seeking politicians

I onda moraš da se zapitaš zašto su političari, željni glasova,

are so proverbially overawed by the power of, for example, the Jewish lobby --

tako prepuni strahopoštovanja prema, recimo, jevrejskom lobiju.

the state of Israel seems to owe its very existence to the American Jewish vote --

Država Izrael izgleda postoji zahvaljujući

glasu američkih Jevreja, dok u isto vreme

while at the same time,

consigning the non-religious to political oblivion.

nereligiozne šalju u politički zaborav.

This secular non-religious vote, if properly mobilized,

Ti sekularni, nereligiozni glasovi, adekvatno okupljeni,

is nine times as numerous as the Jewish vote.

su devet puta brojniji od jevrejskih.

Why does this far more substantial minority

Kako to da ova daleko značajnija manjina

not make a move to exercise its political muscle?

ne napravi prvi korak i upotrebi svoj politički mišić?

Well, so much for quantity. How about quality?

Dobro, toliko o kvantitetu. Sada o kvalitetu...

Is there any correlation, positive or negative,

Postoji li bilo kakva veza, pozitivna ili negativna,

between intelligence and tendency to be religious?

između inteligencije i sklonosti ka religioznisti?

[Them folks misunderestimated me]

(smeh)

(Laughter)

The survey that I quoted, which is the ARIS survey,

Istraživanje koje sam spomenuo, koje je sproveo ARIS,

didn't break down its data by socio-economic class or education,

nije segregiralo podatke na osnovu socio-ekonomskog statusa,

IQ or anything else.

stepena obrazovanja, koeficijenta inteligencije, ili na drugi način.

But a recent article by Paul G. Bell in the Mensa magazine

Ali, nedavno objavljen članak Pola G. Bela u Mensinom magazinu

provides some straws in the wind.

pruža nekakav uvid u ovo.

Mensa, as you know, is an international organization

Mensa je, kao što znate, međunarodna organizacija

for people with very high IQ.

koja okuplja ljude sa visokim koeficijentom inteligencije.

And from a meta-analysis of the literature,

Na osnovu sveobuhvatne analize literature

Bell concludes that, I quote -- "Of 43 studies carried out since 1927

Bel zaključuje da, citiram, "od 43 studije sprovedene posle 1927. godine,

on the relationship between religious belief,

o vezi između religioznosti i inteligencije ili stepena obrazovanja,

and one's intelligence or educational level,

all but four found an inverse connection.

sve osim četiri pokazuju negativnu vezu.

That is, the higher one's intelligence or educational level,

To jest, što je neko inteligentniji ili obrazovaniji,

the less one is likely to be religious."

to je manja šansa da je taj neko religiozan."

Well, I haven't seen the original 42 studies,

Ja, ipak, nisam čitao te studije, pa ne mogu da komentarišem analitički postupak,

and I can't comment on that meta-analysis,

but I would like to see more studies done along those lines.

ali bih svakako voleo da se obavi više ovakvih istraživanja.

And I know that there are -- if I could put a little plug here --

I ukoliko mi dozvolite, svestan sam da ovde među nama

ima vas koji lako možete da finansijski podržite jedno masivno istraživanje

there are people in this audience

easily capable of financing a massive research survey to settle the question,

koje će zauvek odgovoriti na to pitanje,

and I put the suggestion up, for what it's worth.

i ovom prilikom predlažem da to i učinite.

But let me know show you some data

Dozvolite mi sada da vam predstavim podatke

that have been properly published and analyzed,

koji su ispravni i zvanični,

on one special group -- namely, top scientists.

a koji se odnose na jednu posebnu grupu, uglavnom top-naučnika.

In 1998, Larson and Witham polled the cream of American scientists,

Larson i Vitam su 1998. godine uradili istraživanje

u samom kremu američke nauke,

those who'd been honored by election to the National Academy of Sciences,

među članovima Nacionalne Akademije Nauka.

and among this select group,

I u ovako odabranoj grupi

belief in a personal God dropped to a shattering seven percent.

verovanje u boga opada na zadivljujućih 7%.

About 20 percent are agnostic; the rest could fairly be called atheists.

Oko 20% su agnostici, a ostali bi se ispravno mogli nazvati ateistima.

Similar figures obtained for belief in personal immortality.

Brojke su slične i kada se analiza verovanje u besmrtnost duše.

Among biological scientists, the figure is even lower:

Ove brojke su još manje među biolozima.

5.5 percent, only, believe in God.

Samo 5,5% veruje u boga, naspram 7.5% fizičara.

Physical scientists, it's 7.5 percent.

I've not seen corresponding figures for elite scholars

Nisam upoznat sa statistikom u drugim naučnim oblastima,

in other fields, such as history or philosophy,

recimo istoriji ili filozofiji,

but I'd be surprised if they were different.

ali bio bih iznenađen ako bi bile drugačije.

So, we've reached a truly remarkable situation,

Tako da smo došli do zaista interesantne situacije -

a grotesque mismatch between the American intelligentsia

do groteskne razlike između američke inteligencije sa jedne,

and the American electorate.

i glasačkog tela sa druge strane.

A philosophical opinion about the nature of the universe,

Filozofski stav o prirodi univerzuma,

which is held by the vast majority of top American scientists

svojstven za većinu najvećih naučnika u Americi,

and probably the majority of the intelligentsia generally,

a verovatno i izvan nje,

is so abhorrent to the American electorate

toliko je odvratan američkoj javnosti

that no candidate for popular election dare affirm it in public.

da ni jedan kandidat na izborima ne sme da se usudi da ga podrži.

If I'm right, this means that high office

Ako sam u pravu, to sada znači

in the greatest country in the world

da vrh najmoćnije države na svetu

is barred to the very people best qualified to hold it --

nije rezervisan upravo za one ljude koji tu treba da budu, intelektualce,

the intelligentsia --

unless they are prepared to lie about their beliefs.

osim ukoliko nisu spremni da lažu o svojim verovanjima.

To put it bluntly: American political opportunities

Bespogovorno, političke prilike u Americi

are heavily loaded against those

nikako nisu mesto za one koji su

who are simultaneously intelligent and honest.

u isto vreme inteligentni i iskreni.

(Laughter)

(aplauz)

(Applause)

I'm not a citizen of this country, so I hope it won't be thought unbecoming

Ja nisam građanin ove zemlje, ali se nadam da ukoliko predložim da se nešto mora da se promeni

if I suggest that something needs to be done.

to neće biti suviše nepristojno.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And I've already hinted what that something is.

A mislim da sam već delimično otkrio šta bi to moglo da bude.

From what I've seen of TED, I think this may be the ideal place to launch it.

A iz onoga što sam video na TED-u, mislim da je ovo idealno mesto za to.

Again, I fear it will cost money.

Ponavljam i da će to koštati.

We need a consciousness-raising,

Potrebno nam je osvešćivanje,

coming-out campaign for American atheists.

osnaživanje ateista u Americi da "izađu iz ormara". (aluzija na gej populaciju - prim. prev.)

(Laughter)

(smeh)

This could be similar to the campaign organized by homosexuals

I to bi moglo da bude slično onoj kampanji homoseksualaca

a few years ago,

od pre neku godinu,

although heaven forbid that we should stoop to public outing

pritom, nikako se ne bismo smeli pognuti

of people against their will.

pred raskrinkavanjem ljudi protiv njihove volje.

In most cases, people who out themselves

U večini slučajeva, ljudi koji se sami razotkriju

will help to destroy the myth that there is something wrong with atheists.

doprineće uništenju mita o tome kako nešto nije uredu sa ateistima.

On the contrary,

Naprotiv,

they'll demonstrate that atheists are often the kinds of people

oni će upravo i pokazati da su ateisti često ona vrsta ljudi

who could serve as decent role models for your children,

koji treba da budu uzor vašoj deci.

the kinds of people an advertising agent could use to recommend a product,

Ona vrsta ljudi koju bi marketinški stručnjaci angažovali da preporuši neki proizvod.

the kinds of people who are sitting in this room.

Ona vrsta ljudi koji sede u ovoj prostoriji.

There should be a snowball effect, a positive feedback,

Trebalo bi da se javi i efekat grudvanja, pozitivan fidbek,

such that the more names we have, the more we get.

da što više imena imamo, više novih i dobijamo.

There could be non-linearities, threshold effects.

Verovatno ćemo videti i efekat praga.

When a critical mass has been obtained,

Kada se dostigne kritična masa,

there's an abrupt acceleration in recruitment.

javiće se neviđeno ubrzanje cele stvari.

And again, it will need money.

Ali, ponovo, treba nam novac.

I suspect that the word "atheist" itself

Sumnjam da sama reč "ateista"

contains or remains a stumbling block

sadrži u sebi prepreku,

far out of proportion to what it actually means,

koja nema veze sa onime što ona zapravo znači,

and a stumbling block to people

who otherwise might be happy to out themselves.

a ista ta prepreka ne dozvoljava ateistima da se rado tako i predstavljaju.

So, what other words might be used to smooth the path,

Koje bi još reči mogle da se koriste u tu svrhu,

oil the wheels, sugar the pill?

da podmažu sistem, poguraju stvar. Darvin je voleo termin "agnostik",

Darwin himself preferred "agnostic" --

and not only out of loyalty to his friend Huxley,

i to ne samo zbog odanosti prijatelju Haksliju, koji je tu reč i skovao.

who coined the term.

Darwin said, "I have never been an atheist

Darvin je rekao: "Nikada nisam bio ateista

in the same sense of denying the existence of a God.

u smislu poricanja postojanja Boga.

I think that generally an 'agnostic'

Mislim da bi "agnostik" bio pravi termin

would be the most correct description of my state of mind."

kojim bi se opisalo stanje mog uma."

He even became uncharacteristically tetchy with Edward Aveling.

Edvarda Ejveling bi ga lako iznervirao, što mu nije bila osobina.

Aveling was a militant atheist

Ejveling je bio glasni ateista,

who failed to persuade Darwin

koji nije uspeo da ubedi Darvina

to accept the dedication of his book on atheism --

prihvati da mu Ejveling posveti svoju knjigu,

incidentally, giving rise to a fascinating myth

što je slučajno i izrodilo fascinantan mit o tome

that Karl Marx tried to dedicate "Das Kapital" to Darwin,

da je Karl Marks hteo da Kapital posveti Darvinu. Nije.

which he didn't, it was actually Edward Aveling.

To je zapravo želeo Ejveling.

What happened was that Aveling's mistress was Marx's daughter,

Desilo se to da je Marksova ćerka bila sa Ejvelingom,

and when both Darwin and Marx were dead,

i da su se nakon Darvinove i Marksove smrti

Marx's papers became muddled up with Aveling's papers,

izmešali Ejvelingovi i Marksovi Papiri,

and a letter from Darwin saying, "My dear sir, thank you very much

uključujući i Darvinovo pismo u kome je pisalo: "Dragi moj gospodine, hvala Vam mnogo,

but I don't want you to dedicate your book to me,"

ali ja ne želim da svoju knjigu posvetite meni."

was mistakenly supposed to be addressed to Marx,

Otud pogrešna pretpostavka da je pismo bilo upućeno Marksu,

and that gave rise to this whole myth, which you've probably heard.

što je preraslo u taj mit, koji ste verovatno već čuli.

It's a sort of urban myth, that Marx tried to dedicate "Kapital" to Darwin.

To da je Marks hteo da posveti Kapital Darvinu

je neka vrsta urbane legende.

Anyway, it was Aveling, and when they met, Darwin challenged Aveling.

Bilo kako bilo, Ejveling je hteo da mu posveti knjigu, i kada su se sreli

"Why do you call yourselves atheists?"

Darvin ga je pitao: "Zašto se nazivate ateistima?"

"'Agnostic, '" retorted Aveling, "was simply 'atheist' writ respectable,

"Agnostik", odgovorio je Ejveling, "je zapravo pristojna reč za ateistu,

and 'atheist' was simply 'agnostic' writ aggressive."

dok je ateist agresivan termin za agnostika."

Darwin complained, "But why should you be so aggressive?"

Darvin dalje pita: "Ali zašto biste hteli biti agresivni?"

Darwin thought that atheism might be well and good for the intelligentsia,

Darvin je smatrao da bi ateizam bio prihvatljiv u obrazovanim krugovima,

but that ordinary people were not, quote, "ripe for it."

ali da javnost nije, citiram, "zrela za njega".

Which is, of course, our old friend, the "don't rock the boat" argument.

Što je naravno naš stari prijateljski argument: "Ne talasaj."

It's not recorded whether Aveling told Darwin to come down off his high horse.

Nije zabeleženo da je Ejveling rekao Darvinu da spusti nos.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

But in any case, that was more than 100 years ago.

Ali, kako bilo, to je bilo pre više od sto godina.

You'd think we might have grown up since then.

Pomislisli biste da smo malo porasli od tad.

Now, a friend, an intelligent lapsed Jew,

Jedan moj prijatelj, posrnuli Jevrej,

who, incidentally, observes the Sabbath for reasons of cultural solidarity,

koji istovremeno obeležava Sabat

iz razloga kulturne solidarnosti i tradicije,

describes himself as a "tooth-fairy agnostic."

sebe opisuje kao agnostika za dobre vile.

On se neće nazvati ateistom zato što je,

He won't call himself an atheist

because it's, in principle, impossible to prove a negative,

u principu nemoguće dokazati njeno postojanje,

but "agnostic" on its own might suggest that God's existence

pa agnostici smatraju kako je i postojanje boga

was therefore on equal terms of likelihood as his non-existence.

u terminima verovatnoće jednako kao i nepostojanje.

Tako je on striktni agnostik po pitanju postojanja dobrih vila,

So, my friend is strictly agnostic about the tooth fairy,

but it isn't very likely, is it?

a njeno postojanje nije bap verovatno, zar ne? Kao i postojanje boga.

Like God.

Hence the phrase, "tooth-fairy agnostic."

I otuda to - agnostik za dobre vile.

Bertrand Russell made the same point

Međutim, Bertrand Rasel je pokazao istu poentu,

using a hypothetical teapot in orbit about Mars.

koristeći nekakav zamišljeni čajnik u Marsovoj orbiti.

You would strictly have to be agnostic

Morali biste da budete strogi agnostici

about whether there is a teapot in orbit about Mars,

po pitanju postojanja čajnika u orbiti oko Marsa,

but that doesn't mean you treat the likelihood of its existence

ali to ne znači da verovatnoću njegovog postojanja smatrate

as on all fours with its non-existence.

jednakom verovatnoći njegovog nepostojanja.

The list of things which we strictly have to be agnostic about

Lista stvari za koje možemo biti isključivi agnostici

doesn't stop at tooth fairies and teapots; it's infinite.

ne prestaje kod dobrih vila i takvog čanika. Ona je beskonačna.

If you want to believe one particular one of them --

Ako želite verovati u bilo koju od njih,

unicorns or tooth fairies or teapots or Yahweh --

jednoroge, dobre vile, čajnike, Jahvea,

the onus is on you to say why.

na vama je da objasnite zašto verujete.

The onus is not on the rest of us to say why not.

Nije na nama da objasnimo zašto ne verujemo.

We, who are atheists,

Mi koji smo ateisti, smo takođe i a-čajnici i a-vilići.

are also a-fairyists and a-teapotists.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

But we don't bother to say so.

Ali se ne stidimo da to i kažemo.

And this is why my friend uses "tooth-fairy agnostic"

Zbog toga taj moj prijatelj kaže za sebe da je agnostik za dobre vile,

as a label for what most people would call atheist.

kao odrednicu za nešto što bi većina ljudi označila kao ateizam.

Nonetheless, if we want to attract deep-down atheists to come out publicly,

Ukoliko želimo da motivišemo ateiste da probiju led,

we're going to have find something better to stick on our banner

moramo da mislimo nešto bolje od bedža na kome piše

"agnostik za dobre vile (ili čajnike)".

than "tooth-fairy" or "teapot agnostic."

So, how about "humanist"?

A termin "humanista"?

This has the advantage of a worldwide network of well-organized associations

On se već široko koristi među svetskim organizacijama, mrežama,

and journals and things already in place.

časopisima, i drugim stvarima.

My problem with it is only its apparent anthropocentrism.

Moj problem sa njim je njegov očigledan antropocentrizam.

One of the things we've learned from Darwin

Jedna od stvari koju nas je Darvin naučio

is that the human species is only one

je i da ljudska vrsta nije jedina,

among millions of cousins, some close, some distant.

već je jedna od milona srodnih, nekih više, drugih manje.

And there are other possibilities, like "naturalist,"

Postoje i druge mogućnosti, kao recimo "naturalista".

but that also has problems of confusion,

Ali i tu može da dođe do zabune,

because Darwin would have thought naturalist --

čak i što se Darvina tiče, jer...

"Naturalist" means, of course, as opposed to "supernaturalist" --

Značenje reči naturalista je, naravno, suprotno od značenja reči "natpridodno".

and it is used sometimes --

I u tom smislu se ponekad i koristi.

Darwin would have been confused by the other sense of "naturalist,"

Ali Darvin bi bio zbunjen drugim značenjem te reči,

which he was, of course,

koju je izjednačavao sa, a pretpostavljam da bi se još neki složili...

and I suppose there might be others who would confuse it with "nudism".

oni koji bi je pomešali sa nudistima.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Such people might be those belonging to the British lynch mob,

Neki od njih bi mogli da budu i iz grupe Britanaca

which last year attacked a pediatrician in mistake for a pedophile.

koja je prošle godine linčovala pedijatra, jer ga je zamenila sa pedofilom.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

I think the best of the available alternatives for "atheist"

Mislim da je najbolja alternativa za izraz ateista jednostavno "ne-teista".

is simply "non-theist."

It lacks the strong connotation that there's definitely no God,

Nedostaje joj taj snažan prizvuk da bog ne postoji,

and it could therefore easily be embraced by teapot or tooth-fairy agnostics.

i stoga bi mogla da bude lako prihvaćena kao i "agnostik za čajnike".

It's completely compatible with the God of the physicists.

Sasvim je kompatibilna sa pojmom boga koji koriste fizičari.

Kada ljudi poput... Kada ateisti poput

When atheists like Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein use the word "God,"

Stivena Hokinga ili Alberta Ajnštajna koriste reč "bog",

they use it of course as a metaphorical shorthand

oni se njome služe kao metaforom za onaj duboki,

for that deep, mysterious part of physics which we don't yet understand.

misteriozni deo fizike koji još uvek ne razumemo.

Reč ne-teista bi u tom smislu značila sve to, a da nasuprot reči "ateista"

"Non-theist" will do for all that, yet unlike "atheist,"

it doesn't have the same phobic, hysterical responses.

ne izaziva te fobične i histerične reakcije.

But I think, actually, the alternative

Ipak, zapravo mislim da je dobar način

is to grasp the nettle of the word "atheism" itself,

koristiti upravo reč "ateista"

precisely because it is a taboo word,

baš zato što je ona tabu

carrying frissons of hysterical phobia.

koji izaziva toliko treske i histerične fobije.

Critical mass may be harder to achieve with the word "atheist"

Možda teže okupimo kritičnu masu tom rečju

than with the word "non-theist,"

nego nekom drugom, kao što je ne-teista,

or some other non-confrontational word.

nego nekom drugom pomirljivijom, kao što je ne-teista,

But if we did achieve it with that dread word "atheist" itself,

ali ako to uspemo da uradimo sa tom rečju,

the political impact would be even greater.

efekat će biti još jači i veći.

Now, I said that if I were religious, I'd be very afraid of evolution --

Rekao sam bih se jako bžplašio evolucije da sam religiozan. Otići ću i korak dalje.

I'd go further: I would fear science in general, if properly understood.

Plašio bih se i nauke uopšte ukoliko je ispravno razumem.

And this is because the scientific worldview

I to zbog toga što je naučni pogled na svet

is so much more exciting, more poetic,

toliko uzbudljiviji i toliko poetičniji,

more filled with sheer wonder

toliko ispunjeniji čudima nego bilo kakva

than anything in the poverty-stricken arsenals of the religious imagination.

izmišljotina u osiromašenim rafalima religiozne mašte.

As Carl Sagan, another recently dead hero, put it,

Kao što je Karl Sagan, još jedan nedavno preminuli heroj rekao:

"How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science

"Kako to da gotovo nijedna religija nije pogledala nauku i rekla:

and concluded, 'This is better than we thought!

"Ovo je bolje nego što smo mi mislili!

The universe is much bigger than our prophet said,

Svemir je neuporedivo veći nego što je naš prorok rekao,

grander, more subtle, more elegant'?

veličanstveniji, finiji, elegantniji!" Umesto toga oni kažu: "Ne, ne, ne!

Instead they say, 'No, no, no!

My god is a little god, and I want him to stay that way.'

Moj bog je malen bog i želim da ostane takav."

A religion, old or new,

Bilo koja religija, stara ili nova,

that stressed the magnificence of the universe

koja naglašava veličanstvenost svemira

as revealed by modern science,

koju otkriva moderna nauka

might be able to draw forth reserves of reverence and awe

mogla bi da istakne poštovanje i strahopoštovanje,

hardly tapped by the conventional faiths."

koje tako teško izlazi iz konvencionalnih vera."

Now, this is an elite audience,

Ovde je elitna publika,

and I would therefore expect about 10 percent of you to be religious.

i stoga bih očekivao da je oko 10% vas religiozno.

Many of you probably subscribe to our polite cultural belief

Mnogi od vas verovatno smatrate da je kulturno i poželjno poštovati religiju,

that we should respect religion.

But I also suspect that a fair number of those

ali isto tako mislim da veliki broj vas

secretly despise religion as much as I do.

potajno prezire religiju koliko i ja.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

If you're one of them, and of course many of you may not be,

Ako ste jedna od tih osoba, pritom mnogi od vas možda i nisu,

but if you are one of them,

ali ako jeste jedna od takvih osoba, zamolio bih vas da prestanete da budete ugodni,

I'm asking you to stop being polite,

come out, and say so.

već da istupite i to i kažete. A ukoliko ste pritom i bogati,

And if you happen to be rich,

razmislite i otome na koj način možete da promenite sve ovo.

give some thought to ways in which you might make a difference.

The religious lobby in this country

Religijski lobi u ovoj zemlji je masivno finansiran

is massively financed by foundations -- to say nothing of all the tax benefits --

od strane fondacija, a da ne pominjem i sve poreske olakšice,

by foundations, such as the Templeton Foundation and the Discovery Institute.

od fondacija kao što su Templeton i Discovery Institut.

We need an anti-Templeton to step forward.

Neophodno je da istupi anti-Templton.

If my books sold as well as Stephen Hawking's books,

Kada bi se moje knjige prodavale koliko i Hokingove,

instead of only as well as Richard Dawkins' books, I'd do it myself.

umesto onoliko koliko se prodaju Dokinsove, ja bih to uradio.

Ljudi me sve vreme pitaju kako me je promenio događaj 11. septembra.

People are always going on about, "How did September the 11th change you?"

Well, here's how it changed me.

Evo kako.

Let's all stop being so damned respectful.

Prestanimo da budemo tako prokleto učtivi.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Applause)

(aplauz)