Militant atheism | Richard Dawkins

2,827,019 views ใƒป 2008-04-15

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื”ื–ื•, ื ืขื™ืžืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”--
00:27
That splendid music, the coming-in music,
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00:30
"The Elephant March" from "Aida," is the music I've chosen for my funeral.
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ืžืจืฉ ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืž"ืืื™ื“ื”", ื–ื• ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื™--
00:35
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:37
And you can see why. It's triumphal.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข. ื–ื• ืžื ื’ื™ื ืช ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ.
00:42
I won't feel anything, but if I could,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™... ืœื ืื—ื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืš ืื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™,
00:46
I would feel triumphal at having lived at all,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืฉ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื—ื™ื™ืชื™,
00:50
and at having lived on this splendid planet,
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื ืคืœื ื”ื–ื”,
00:52
and having been given the opportunity to understand
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:55
something about why I was here in the first place, before not being here.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ.
01:02
Can you understand my quaint English accent?
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœื™?
01:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:09
Like everybody else, I was entranced yesterday by the animal session.
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ื›ื›ื•ืœื, ื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืงืกืžืชื™ ืืชืžื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
01:14
Robert Full and Frans Lanting and others;
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ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืคื•ืœ, ืคืจืื ืก ืœืื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:20
the beauty of the things that they showed.
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ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืจืื• --
01:22
The only slight jarring note was when Jeffrey Katzenberg said of the mustang,
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ื”ื ื™ืžื” ื”ืžืขื˜-ืฆื•ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื’'ืคืจื™ ืงืฆื ื‘ืจื’ ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืกื•ืกื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื˜ื ื’:
01:28
"the most splendid creatures that God put on this earth."
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"ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืขืœ-ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”."
01:31
Now of course, we know that he didn't really mean that,
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ืื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš,
01:35
but in this country at the moment, you can't be too careful.
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ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•, ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™.
01:38
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:40
I'm a biologist, and the central theorem of our subject: the theory of design,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’, ื•ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•,
ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
01:47
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
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ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช,
01:51
In professional circles everywhere, it's of course universally accepted.
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ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื.
ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืœื-ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”,
01:56
In non-professional circles outside America, it's largely ignored.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“"ื› ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช.
ืืš ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืœื-ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
02:02
But in non-professional circles within America,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช--
02:06
it arouses so much hostility --
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[ื”ื›ื—ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืงืœื™-ืงืœื•ืช] (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:09
(Laughter)
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02:10
it's fair to say that American biologists are in a state of war.
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ืฉื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื”
ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ื” ืžื“ืื™ื’ื”
02:16
The war is so worrying at present,
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02:17
with court cases coming up in one state after another,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ืฉืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
02:20
that I felt I had to say something about it.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”.
02:23
If you want to know what I have to say about Darwinism itself,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื–ื ืขืฆืžื•,
02:27
I'm afraid you're going to have to look at my books,
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ื—ื•ืฉืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืกืคืจื™,
ื•ืื•ืชื ืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช-ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”.
02:30
which you won't find in the bookstore outside.
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02:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:36
Contemporary court cases
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ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช
02:38
often concern an allegedly new version of creationism,
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ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื”-ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ึผืจื™ืึทืชึธื ื•ึผืช,
02:42
called "Intelligent Design," or ID.
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ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™", ืื• ืช"ืช.
02:46
Don't be fooled. There's nothing new about ID.
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ืืœ ืชื ื™ื—ื• ืœื›ืš ืœืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื.
"ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื™" ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ:
02:50
It's just creationism under another name,
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ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื“ืจืช,
02:53
rechristened -- I choose the word advisedly --
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ืฉื”ื•ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ืฆืจื•ืช - ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” -
02:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:58
for tactical, political reasons.
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- ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
03:00
The arguments of so-called ID theorists
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ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื "ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืงื ื™ ืช"ืช"
03:02
are the same old arguments that had been refuted again and again,
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ื”ื ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคืจื›ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
03:05
since Darwin down to the present day.
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ืžืื– ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
03:08
There is an effective evolution lobby
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื—ื–ืง
03:12
coordinating the fight on behalf of science,
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ืฉืžืชืื ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื“ืข,
03:14
and I try to do all I can to help them,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื,
03:17
but they get quite upset when people like me dare to mention
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ืืš ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžืชืจื’ื–ื™ื ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืžืขื–ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ
ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืื ื• ื’ื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
03:21
that we happen to be atheists as well as evolutionists.
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03:25
They see us as rocking the boat, and you can understand why.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื.
03:30
Creationists, lacking any coherent scientific argument for their case,
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืืชื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืžื“ืขื™ ืขืงื‘ื™ ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื,
03:35
fall back on the popular phobia against atheism:
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ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืืชืื™ื–ื:
03:40
Teach your children evolution in biology class,
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"ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
"ื•ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืกืžื™ื, ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช."
03:44
and they'll soon move on to drugs, grand larceny and sexual "pre-version."
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03:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:54
In fact, of course, educated theologians from the Pope down
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื•ืžื˜ื”
03:57
are firm in their support of evolution.
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ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
03:59
This book, "Finding Darwin's God," by Kenneth Miller,
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ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, "ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ", ืžืืช ืงื ืช' ืžื™ืœืจ,
04:02
is one of the most effective attacks on Intelligent Design that I know
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ
04:06
and it's all the more effective because it's written by a devout Christian.
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ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืื“ื•ืง.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืงื ืช' ืžื™ืœืจ: "ืžืชืช-ืืœื•ื” ืœืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™"--
04:11
People like Kenneth Miller could be called a "godsend" to the evolution lobby,
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04:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:17
because they expose the lie that evolutionism is, as a matter of fact,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงืจ
ืœืคื™ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื•ื•ื”-ืขืจืš ืœืืชืื™ื–ื.
04:21
tantamount to atheism.
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04:23
People like me, on the other hand, rock the boat.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจื”.
04:28
But here, I want to say something nice about creationists.
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ืืš ื›ืขืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื—ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืืชื ื™ื.
04:31
It's not a thing I often do, so listen carefully.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื– ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
04:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:35
I think they're right about one thing.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื.
04:38
I think they're right that evolution
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื
ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืขื•ื™ื ืช ืœื“ืช.
04:40
is fundamentally hostile to religion.
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04:43
I've already said that many individual evolutionists, like the Pope,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ,
04:46
are also religious, but I think they're deluding themselves.
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ื”ื ื’ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื, ืืš ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
04:50
I believe a true understanding of Darwinism
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื–ื
04:53
is deeply corrosive to religious faith.
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ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช.
04:58
Now, it may sound as though I'm about to preach atheism,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœืืชืื™ื–ื,
05:03
and I want to reassure you that that's not what I'm going to do.
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
05:07
In an audience as sophisticated as this one,
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ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื›ืžื•ื›ื,
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืงื”ืœืช-ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”.
05:11
that would be preaching to the choir.
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05:13
No, what I want to urge upon you --
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ืœื. ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช--
05:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:20
Instead, what I want to urge upon you is militant atheism.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœืืชืื™ื–ื ืœื•ื—ืžื ื™.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:25
(Laughter)
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05:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:30
But that's putting it too negatively.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืžื“ื™.
05:33
If I was a person who were interested in preserving religious faith,
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื“ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช,
05:37
I would be very afraid of the positive power of evolutionary science,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”,
05:42
and indeed science generally, but evolution in particular,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืืš ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
05:45
to inspire and enthrall, precisely because it is atheistic.
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ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืœื”ืงืกื™ื,
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
05:53
Now, the difficult problem for any theory of biological design
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืื™-ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:57
is to explain the massive statistical improbability of living things.
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ืื™-ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—--
06:03
Statistical improbability in the direction of good design --
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06:07
"complexity" is another word for this.
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"ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื›ืš.
06:10
The standard creationist argument --
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ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืืชื ื™ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ - ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžืกืชื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื• -
06:12
there is only one; they're all reduced to this one --
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06:15
takes off from a statistical improbability.
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ืฉื•ืื‘ ื›ื•ื— ืžืื™-ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช:
06:17
Living creatures are too complex to have come about by chance;
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"ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื“ืจืš-ืžืงืจื”;
06:20
therefore, they must have had a designer.
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"ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžืชื›ื ืŸ."
06:23
This argument of course, shoots itself in the foot.
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ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
ื›ืœ ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
06:26
Any designer capable of designing something really complex
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06:29
has to be even more complex himself,
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•,
ื•ื–ื”, ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ
06:32
and that's before we even start on the other things he's expected to do,
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ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
06:36
like forgive sins, bless marriages, listen to prayers --
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ื›ืžื• ืœืกืœื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ืœื‘ืจืš ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœื•ืช,
06:39
favor our side in a war --
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ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืฆื™ื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”...
06:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:44
disapprove of our sex lives, and so on.
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...ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ ืžื—ื™ื™-ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
06:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:49
Complexity is the problem that any theory of biology has to solve,
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ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ,
ื•ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื•ืชืจื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘,
06:54
and you can't solve it by postulating an agent that is even more complex,
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06:58
thereby simply compounding the problem.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืจืง ืœืกื‘ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
07:01
Darwinian natural selection is so stunningly elegant
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
07:06
because it solves the problem of explaining complexity
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
07:10
in terms of nothing but simplicity.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืชื• ืœื.
07:14
Essentially, it does it by providing a smooth ramp
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ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืข ืžืชื•ืŸ
07:17
of gradual, step-by-step increment.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช, ืฆืขื“-ืื—ืจ-ืฆืขื“.
07:21
But here, I only want to make the point
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ืืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืจืง ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—
07:23
that the elegance of Darwinism is corrosive to religion,
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ืฉื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื“ืช
07:27
precisely because it is so elegant, so parsimonious, so powerful,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืจื‘ืช-ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
07:32
so economically powerful.
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ื›ื” ืจื‘ืช-ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ื—ืกื›ื ื•ืชื”.
07:36
It has the sinewy economy of a beautiful suspension bridge.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื™ื™ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื™ืคื”ืคื”.
ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืกืชื ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”:
07:43
The God theory is not just a bad theory.
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07:45
It turns out to be -- in principle --
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื”.
07:47
incapable of doing the job required of it.
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07:51
So, returning to tactics and the evolution lobby,
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ืื– ืื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืœืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™,
07:54
I want to argue that rocking the boat
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื”
07:57
may be just the right thing to do.
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื•.
08:03
My approach to attacking creationism is --
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ื’ื™ืฉืชื™ ืœื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืืชื ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™,
08:06
unlike the evolution lobby --
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08:08
my approach to attacking creationism is to attack religion as a whole.
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ื’ื™ืฉืชื™ ืœื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืืชื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”.
08:14
And at this point I need to acknowledge the remarkable taboo
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืื‘ื• ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืžืฆืช ื”ื“ืช,
08:18
against speaking ill of religion,
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08:21
and I'm going to do so in the words of the late Douglas Adams,
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ื•ืืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ืื’ืœืก ืื“ืžืก ื”ืžื ื•ื—,
08:24
a dear friend who, if he never came to TED,
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ื—ื‘ืจ ื™ืงืจ, ืฉืื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘-TED,
08:26
certainly should have been invited.
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ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ.
08:28
(Richard Saul Wurman: He was.)
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ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ืกื•ืœ ื•ื•ืจืžืŸ: ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ.
08:30
Richard Dawkins: He was. Good. I thought he must have been.
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ืจ"ื“: ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ. ื™ืคื”. ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ.
08:33
He begins this speech, which was tape recorded in Cambridge
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ื ืื•ื ื–ื”,
ืฉื”ื•ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื ืคื˜ืจ.
08:36
shortly before he died --
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08:38
he begins by explaining how science works through the testing of hypotheses
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ืคื•ืขืœ,
ืข"ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื›ื”,
08:42
that are framed to be vulnerable to disproof, and then he goes on.
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ื•ืื—ืจ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜:
08:46
I quote, "Religion doesn't seem to work like that.
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"ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ื›ืš.
08:50
It has certain ideas at the heart of it, which we call 'sacred' or 'holy.'
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"ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื 'ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื' ืื• 'ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื'.
08:54
What it means is: here is an idea or a notion
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"ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”ื ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืžื•ืฉื’
08:57
that you're not allowed to say anything bad about.
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"ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืข.
09:00
You're just not. Why not? Because you're not."
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"ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืกื•ืจ. ืœืžื”? ื›ื›ื”!"
09:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:08
"Why should it be that it's perfectly legitimate
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"ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื,
09:11
to support the Republicans or Democrats,
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09:13
this model of economics versus that,
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"ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ, ื‘'ืžืงื™ื ื˜ื•ืฉ' ืื• ื‘'ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช',
09:15
Macintosh instead of Windows,
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09:17
but to have an opinion about how the universe began,
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"ืืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื“ืขื” ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื™ืงื•ื
09:20
about who created the universe --
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"ื•ืžื™ ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื - ืœื, ื–ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ.
09:22
no, that's holy.
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09:24
So, we're used to not challenging religious ideas,
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"ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื™ื
09:28
and it's very interesting how much of a furor Richard creates
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"ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืขื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“
09:31
when he does it." --
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"ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช."-- ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™, ืœื ืœืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ื”ื–ื”.
09:32
He meant me, not that one.
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09:35
"Everybody gets absolutely frantic about it,
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--"ื›ื•ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”,
09:38
because you're not allowed to say these things.
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"ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
09:40
Yet when you look at it rationally,
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"ืืš ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ
09:42
there's no reason why those ideas
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"ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ
09:44
shouldn't be as open to debate as any other,
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"ื›ื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ,
09:47
except that we've agreed somehow between us
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"ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื-ืžื” ื”ืกื›ืžื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื."
09:50
that they shouldn't be."
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09:51
And that's the end of the quote from Douglas.
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืื’ืœืก.
09:56
In my view, not only is science corrosive to religion;
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืจืกื ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืช,
10:01
religion is corrosive to science.
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ื”ื“ืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืœืžื“ืข.
10:04
It teaches people to be satisfied with trivial,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืื™-ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
10:08
supernatural non-explanations,
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10:11
and blinds them to the wonderful, real explanations
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ื•ืžืขื•ื•ืจืช ืื•ืชื ืžืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื
10:15
that we have within our grasp.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ื ื•.
10:17
It teaches them to accept authority, revelation and faith,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ืืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
10:23
instead of always insisting on evidence.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืื™ื•ืช.
ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ืชื• ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื“ืื’ืœืก ืื“ืžืก ืžืกืคืจื• "ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืจืื•ืช".
10:29
There's Douglas Adams, magnificent picture from his book, "Last Chance to See."
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10:35
Now, there's a typical scientific journal,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™, "ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”."
10:37
The Quarterly Review of Biology.
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ื•ื›ืขื•ืจืš-ืื•ืจื— ืื ื™ ืžืชืขืชื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ
10:39
And I'm going to put together, as guest editor,
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10:42
a special issue on the question, "Did an asteroid kill the dinosaurs?"
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ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ื”ืื ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื?"
10:47
And the first paper is a standard scientific paper,
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ื•ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ื”ื•ื ืžืืžืจ ืžื“ืขื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ ืจืื™ื”:
10:51
presenting evidence,
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10:53
"Iridium layer at the K-T boundary,
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"ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืื™ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืจื˜ื•ื ื™-ืฉืœื™ืฉื•ื ื™,
10:55
and potassium argon dated crater in Yucatan,
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"ื‘ืžื›ืชืฉ ืืฉืœื’ืŸ-ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ื™ื•ืงื˜ืŸ
10:57
indicate that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."
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"ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื".
11:00
Perfectly ordinary scientific paper.
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ืžืืžืจ ืžื“ืขื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
11:03
Now, the next one.
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ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื:
11:04
"The President of the Royal Society
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"ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช
"ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืชื›ื ืข ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
11:07
has been vouchsafed a strong inner conviction
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11:11
that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."
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"ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื".
11:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:18
"It has been privately revealed to Professor Huxtane
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"ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ืงืกื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช
11:24
that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."
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"ืœืคื™ื”, ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื"...
11:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:29
"Professor Hordley was brought up
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..."ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืจื“ืœื™ ื”ืฉืชื›ื ืข
11:32
to have total and unquestioning faith" --
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"ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื‘ืกืคืง--
11:35
(Laughter) --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:36
"that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."
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"...ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื."
11:43
"Professor Hawkins has promulgated an official dogma
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"ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ืก ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช
"ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืงื™ื ืกื™ืื ื™ื ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื,
11:48
binding on all loyal Hawkinsians
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11:51
that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."
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"ื•ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื".
11:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:57
That's inconceivable, of course.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
12:01
But suppose --
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ืืš ื”ื‘ื” ื ื ื™ื—--
[ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื]
12:03
[Supporters of the Asteroid Theory cannot be patriotic citizens]
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง ื•ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:06
(Laughter)
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12:07
(Applause)
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12:12
In 1987, a reporter asked George Bush, Sr.
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ื‘-1987, ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืื‘
ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™
12:16
whether he recognized the equal citizenship and patriotism
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12:19
of Americans who are atheists.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื‘ื•ืฉ ื ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืฉื™ืžืฆื”:
12:22
Mr. Bush's reply has become infamous.
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12:25
"No, I don't know that atheists should be considered citizens,
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"ืœื, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
12:29
nor should they be considered patriots.
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"ื•ื’ื ืœื ื›ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื.
12:31
This is one nation under God."
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"ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื•ืžืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช".
12:34
Bush's bigotry was not an isolated mistake,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืคืœื™ื˜ืช-ืคื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ื‘ืœื”ื˜-ื”ืจื’ืข
12:37
blurted out in the heat of the moment and later retracted.
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ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืกื•ื’ ืžืžื ื”;
12:40
He stood by it in the face of repeated calls for clarification or withdrawal.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื“ื“ ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช
ืœื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ืื• ื—ืจื˜ื”. ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš.
12:45
He really meant it.
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12:46
More to the point, he knew it posed no threat to his election --
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•:
ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื•; ืœื”ื™ืคืš.
12:51
quite the contrary.
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12:52
Democrats as well as Republicans parade their religiousness
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™ื ืžืชืคืืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืชื™ื•ืชื ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ.
12:56
if they want to get elected.
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12:57
Both parties invoke "one nation under God."
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ "ืื•ืžืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช".
13:02
What would Thomas Jefferson have said?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืžืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ?
13:04
[In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty]
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[ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื•ืขื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช]
ืื’ื‘, ื‘ื“"ื› ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืื“ ื’ืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™,
13:08
Incidentally, I'm not usually very proud of being British,
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13:12
but you can't help making the comparison.
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ืืš ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.
[ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืฉ"ื˜ ืžื•ืœ "ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื" ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ]
13:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:24
In practice, what is an atheist?
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ืžื™ื”ื• ืืชืื™ืกื˜?
13:27
An atheist is just somebody who feels about Yahweh
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ืืชืื™ืกื˜ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื”
13:31
the way any decent Christian feels about Thor or Baal or the golden calf.
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ื–ื”ื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ืื• ืขื’ืœ-ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
13:37
As has been said before, we are all atheists about most of the gods
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ,
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืœื™ื ืฉื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืื™-ืคืขื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื.
13:42
that humanity has ever believed in.
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13:44
Some of us just go one god further.
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ื›ืžื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืืœ ื”ื‘ื.
13:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:57
And however we define atheism, it's surely the kind of academic belief
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ื•ืื™ืš ืฉืœื ื ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืชืื™ื–ื, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช
14:00
that a person is entitled to hold without being vilified
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ืฉืื“ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื›ืคื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื•
14:04
as an unpatriotic, unelectable non-citizen.
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ื›ืœื-ืื–ืจื— ื‘ืœืชื™-ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ.
14:09
Nevertheless, it's an undeniable fact that to own up to being an atheist
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืืชืื™ื–ื
14:12
is tantamount to introducing yourself as Mr. Hitler or Miss Beelzebub.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืžืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ืื• ื›ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขืœ-ื–ื‘ื•ื‘.
14:17
And that all stems from the perception of atheists
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื
14:21
as some kind of weird, way-out minority.
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ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื—ืจื™ื’.
14:25
Natalie Angier wrote a rather sad piece in the New Yorker,
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ื ื˜ืœื™ ืื ื’'ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืืžืจ ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘"ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืงืจ",
ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื” ื›ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
14:29
saying how lonely she felt as an atheist.
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14:31
She clearly feels in a beleaguered minority.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจ,
14:33
But actually, how do American atheists stack up numerically?
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ืืš ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”?
14:40
The latest survey makes surprisingly encouraging reading.
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ื”ืกืงืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข.
14:43
Christianity, of course, takes a massive lion's share of the population,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืชื•ืคืกืช ืืช ื—ืœืง ื”ืืจื™ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
14:46
with nearly 160 million.
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ืขื ื›ืžืขื˜ 160 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ.
14:49
But what would you think was the second largest group,
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ืืš ืžื”ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”,
14:52
convincingly outnumbering Jews with 2.8 million, Muslims at 1.1 million,
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ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื - 2.8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื - 1.1 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
14:58
Hindus, Buddhists and all other religions put together?
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ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“?
15:01
The second largest group, with nearly 30 million,
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
15:04
is the one described as non-religious or secular.
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ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืœื-ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื.
15:08
You can't help wondering why vote-seeking politicians
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ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื•ื—ืจื™-ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื
15:12
are so proverbially overawed by the power of, for example, the Jewish lobby --
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ืžืœืื™ ื™ืจืื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”
15:17
the state of Israel seems to owe its very existence to the American Jewish vote --
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- ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื‘ื” ืืช ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืฆื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื -
15:21
while at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ,
15:23
consigning the non-religious to political oblivion.
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ื”ื ื“ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื-ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื›ื—ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
15:28
This secular non-religious vote, if properly mobilized,
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ื›ื•ื— ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ื’ื•ื™ื™ืก ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
15:32
is nine times as numerous as the Jewish vote.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ ืชืฉืข ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
15:36
Why does this far more substantial minority
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ืฉืจื™ืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™?
15:39
not make a move to exercise its political muscle?
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15:43
Well, so much for quantity. How about quality?
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ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช. ืžื” ืขื ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช?
15:46
Is there any correlation, positive or negative,
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ื–ื™ืงื”, ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช,
15:49
between intelligence and tendency to be religious?
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™?
15:53
[Them folks misunderestimated me]
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[ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืœื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง] (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:55
(Laughter)
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16:00
The survey that I quoted, which is the ARIS survey,
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ื”ืกืงืจ ืฉืฆื™ื˜ื˜ืชื™, ืกืงืจ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
16:04
didn't break down its data by socio-economic class or education,
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ืœื ืคื™ืœื— ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื• ืœืคื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื”ืฉื›ืœื”,
16:07
IQ or anything else.
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ืžื ืช-ืžืฉื›ืœ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
16:08
But a recent article by Paul G. Bell in the Mensa magazine
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ืืš ืžืืžืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ื’' ื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "ืžื ื–ื”"
16:13
provides some straws in the wind.
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ืžืกืคืง ื›ืžื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจื•ืคืคื™ื.
16:15
Mensa, as you know, is an international organization
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"ืžื ื–ื”", ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื, ื”ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
16:17
for people with very high IQ.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ืช-ืžืฉื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:20
And from a meta-analysis of the literature,
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ื•ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžื˜ื-ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืกื™ืง ื‘ืœ ื›ื™, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜:
16:25
Bell concludes that, I quote -- "Of 43 studies carried out since 1927
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"ืž-43 ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืžืื– 1927
16:31
on the relationship between religious belief,
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"ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืื• ืจืžืช-ื”ืฉื›ืœื”,
16:33
and one's intelligence or educational level,
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16:35
all but four found an inverse connection.
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"ื›ื•ืœื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืฆืื• ื™ื—ืก ื”ืคื•ืš.
"ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืื• ืจืžืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”,
16:40
That is, the higher one's intelligence or educational level,
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16:43
the less one is likely to be religious."
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"ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ืชื™".
16:46
Well, I haven't seen the original 42 studies,
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ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช 42 ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื,
16:48
and I can't comment on that meta-analysis,
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16:51
but I would like to see more studies done along those lines.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
16:54
And I know that there are -- if I could put a little plug here --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื ืฃ ืงืฆืช,
ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงื”ืœ
16:58
there are people in this audience
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16:59
easily capable of financing a massive research survey to settle the question,
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ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืžืžืŸ ืžื—ืงืจ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•,
ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื”ืฆืขื” ื–ืืช, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืจื›ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื”.
17:05
and I put the suggestion up, for what it's worth.
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17:07
But let me know show you some data
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ืืš ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื•ื ื•ืชื—ื• ื›ื™ืื•ืช
17:09
that have been properly published and analyzed,
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17:11
on one special group -- namely, top scientists.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื”ืœื ื”ื ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืฆืžืจืช.
17:16
In 1998, Larson and Witham polled the cream of American scientists,
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ื‘-1998, ืœืืจืกื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื•, ื•ื•ื™ืช'ื”ืื
ืขืจื›ื• ืžืฉืืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
17:22
those who'd been honored by election to the National Academy of Sciences,
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ืืœื• ืฉื–ื›ื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื“ืขื™ื.
17:25
and among this select group,
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ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื–ื•,
17:28
belief in a personal God dropped to a shattering seven percent.
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ืฆื ื—ื” ื•ื”ืชื ืคืฆื” ืœ-7 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
17:35
About 20 percent are agnostic; the rest could fairly be called atheists.
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ื›-20% ื”ื ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ื,
ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืช "ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื".
17:39
Similar figures obtained for belief in personal immortality.
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ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™-ื ืฆื—.
17:43
Among biological scientists, the figure is even lower:
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
17:46
5.5 percent, only, believe in God.
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ืจืง 5.5% ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” - 7.5%.
17:49
Physical scientists, it's 7.5 percent.
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ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื
17:53
I've not seen corresponding figures for elite scholars
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”,
17:56
in other fields, such as history or philosophy,
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17:59
but I'd be surprised if they were different.
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ืืš ืื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืชืข ืื ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
18:02
So, we've reached a truly remarkable situation,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื:
18:05
a grotesque mismatch between the American intelligentsia
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ืื™-ื”ืชืืžื” ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
18:10
and the American electorate.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
18:13
A philosophical opinion about the nature of the universe,
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ื“ืขื” ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
18:17
which is held by the vast majority of top American scientists
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ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™-ื”ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
18:21
and probably the majority of the intelligentsia generally,
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
18:24
is so abhorrent to the American electorate
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ื ืชืขื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
18:27
that no candidate for popular election dare affirm it in public.
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ืฉืฉื•ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื– ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™.
18:33
If I'm right, this means that high office
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ืื ืื ื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช
18:36
in the greatest country in the world
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
18:38
is barred to the very people best qualified to hold it --
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ื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ: ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื,
18:42
the intelligentsia --
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ืืœื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืงืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
18:44
unless they are prepared to lie about their beliefs.
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18:47
To put it bluntly: American political opportunities
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ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื˜ื”: ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
18:50
are heavily loaded against those
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ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื ื’ื“ ืืœื”
18:53
who are simultaneously intelligent and honest.
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ืฉื”ื ื’ื ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื›ื ื™ื.
18:55
(Laughter)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:57
(Applause)
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19:03
I'm not a citizen of this country, so I hope it won't be thought unbecoming
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ืื™ื ื™ ืื–ืจื— ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื•, ืื– ืืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื”ื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ื™
19:07
if I suggest that something needs to be done.
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ืื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
19:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:12
And I've already hinted what that something is.
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืžื–ืชื™ ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื–ื”.
19:15
From what I've seen of TED, I think this may be the ideal place to launch it.
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ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™, TED ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื›ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืš.
19:19
Again, I fear it will cost money.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ื•ืฉืฉื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ื›ืกืฃ.
19:21
We need a consciousness-raising,
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืกืข ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืื”-ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ
19:24
coming-out campaign for American atheists.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื.
19:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:30
This could be similar to the campaign organized by homosexuals
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืฉืื•ืจื’ื ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื
19:33
a few years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช,
ืืš ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืืœ ืฉืžื ื ื›ืคื” ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ
19:35
although heaven forbid that we should stoop to public outing
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19:38
of people against their will.
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ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•.
19:40
In most cases, people who out themselves
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ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื
19:43
will help to destroy the myth that there is something wrong with atheists.
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ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก, ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืืฆืœ ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื;
ืœื”ื™ืคืš:
19:47
On the contrary,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
19:48
they'll demonstrate that atheists are often the kinds of people
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19:51
who could serve as decent role models for your children,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช-ืžื•ืคืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื,
19:54
the kinds of people an advertising agent could use to recommend a product,
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ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื™ืจืกื•ืžืื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืžื•ืฆืจ;
19:58
the kinds of people who are sitting in this room.
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ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœื.
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืืคืงื˜ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ืฉืœื’, ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™:
20:03
There should be a snowball effect, a positive feedback,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื›ืš ื ืฉื™ื’ ืขื•ื“,
20:06
such that the more names we have, the more we get.
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20:09
There could be non-linearities, threshold effects.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืœื-ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื™ื, ืื™ืจื•ืขื™-ืกืฃ,
20:12
When a critical mass has been obtained,
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ื›ืฉืชื•ืฉื’ ืžืกื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช,
20:14
there's an abrupt acceleration in recruitment.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช.
20:17
And again, it will need money.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืกืฃ.
20:20
I suspect that the word "atheist" itself
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืืชืื™ืกื˜" ืขืฆืžื”
ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื›ืฉืœื” ืื• ื ืฉืืจืช ืื‘ืŸ-ื ื’ืฃ
20:24
contains or remains a stumbling block
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20:27
far out of proportion to what it actually means,
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ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื” ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ,
20:30
and a stumbling block to people
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ื•ืื‘ืŸ-ื ื’ืฃ ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ.
20:31
who otherwise might be happy to out themselves.
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20:34
So, what other words might be used to smooth the path,
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ืื– ืื™ืœื• ืžืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืœืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ,
20:37
oil the wheels, sugar the pill?
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื”ืžืชืงืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื”?
20:41
Darwin himself preferred "agnostic" --
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ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ"--
20:44
and not only out of loyalty to his friend Huxley,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ื”ืงืกืœื™, ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื—.
20:47
who coined the term.
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20:49
Darwin said, "I have never been an atheist
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ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืืžืจ: "ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™
"ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื—ืฉื•ืช ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
20:52
in the same sense of denying the existence of a God.
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20:55
I think that generally an 'agnostic'
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"ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉ'ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ'
"ืžืชืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืชื™".
20:58
would be the most correct description of my state of mind."
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21:01
He even became uncharacteristically tetchy with Edward Aveling.
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ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืจื’ื–, ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื•, ืขืœ ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’.
21:07
Aveling was a militant atheist
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ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืืชืื™ืกื˜ ืœื•ื—ืžื ื™
21:09
who failed to persuade Darwin
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ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืืชืื™ื–ื ื™ื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื• -
21:11
to accept the dedication of his book on atheism --
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21:14
incidentally, giving rise to a fascinating myth
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ืื’ื‘, ื–ื” ืชืจื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืžืจืชืง
21:16
that Karl Marx tried to dedicate "Das Kapital" to Darwin,
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ืœืคื™ื• ื ื™ืกื” ืงืจืœ ืžืจืงืก ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช "ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ" ืœื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ,
21:20
which he didn't, it was actually Edward Aveling.
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ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’:
21:22
What happened was that Aveling's mistress was Marx's daughter,
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ืคื™ืœื’ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืงืก,
21:27
and when both Darwin and Marx were dead,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืจืงืก,
21:30
Marx's papers became muddled up with Aveling's papers,
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ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืงืก ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืขื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’
21:34
and a letter from Darwin saying, "My dear sir, thank you very much
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ื•ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืืช ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ: "ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืงืจ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš
21:38
but I don't want you to dedicate your book to me,"
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"ืืš ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ืกืคืจืš",
21:41
was mistakenly supposed to be addressed to Marx,
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ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ืžืžื•ืขืŸ ืืœ ืžืจืงืก,
21:44
and that gave rise to this whole myth, which you've probably heard.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”ื–ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขืชื.
21:47
It's a sort of urban myth, that Marx tried to dedicate "Kapital" to Darwin.
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ื–ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื’ื“ื” ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืช,
ืœืคื™ื” ืžืจืงืก ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช "ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ" ืœื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ.
21:52
Anyway, it was Aveling, and when they met, Darwin challenged Aveling.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’,
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืคื’ืฉื•, ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืชืงืฃ ืืช ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’:
21:59
"Why do you call yourselves atheists?"
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"ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื?"
"ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ," ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’, "ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืฉื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืœืืชืื™ืกื˜,
22:07
"'Agnostic, '" retorted Aveling, "was simply 'atheist' writ respectable,
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22:11
and 'atheist' was simply 'agnostic' writ aggressive."
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"ื•ืืชืื™ืกื˜ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ ืœืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ".
22:15
Darwin complained, "But why should you be so aggressive?"
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ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ: "ืืš ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ื™ื?"
22:19
Darwin thought that atheism might be well and good for the intelligentsia,
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ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉ"ืืชืื™ื–ื" ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื,
22:22
but that ordinary people were not, quote, "ripe for it."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื•, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜: "ื‘ืฉืœ ืœื›ืš."
22:26
Which is, of course, our old friend, the "don't rock the boat" argument.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื ื• ื”ื•ืชื™ืง, ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ "ืืœ ืชื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจื”."
22:31
It's not recorded whether Aveling told Darwin to come down off his high horse.
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ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื™ื• ืื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืืžืจ ืœื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ืขืฅ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื˜ื™ืคืก.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
22:36
(Laughter)
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22:37
But in any case, that was more than 100 years ago.
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ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื.
22:40
You'd think we might have grown up since then.
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ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื ื• ืžืื–.
22:43
Now, a friend, an intelligent lapsed Jew,
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ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™, ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืฉืคืจืฉ ืžื™ื”ื“ื•ืชื•,
22:48
who, incidentally, observes the Sabbath for reasons of cultural solidarity,
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ื•ืฉืื’ื‘, ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช,
22:52
describes himself as a "tooth-fairy agnostic."
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ืชื™ืืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ื™ืช-ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื".
ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืชืื™ืกื˜
22:57
He won't call himself an atheist
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22:58
because it's, in principle, impossible to prove a negative,
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ื›ื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื™ืœื”,
23:02
but "agnostic" on its own might suggest that God's existence
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ืืš ื”ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืจืžื•ื–
ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™-ืงื™ื•ืžื•.
23:05
was therefore on equal terms of likelihood as his non-existence.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ ืื“ื•ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื,
23:10
So, my friend is strictly agnostic about the tooth fairy,
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23:14
but it isn't very likely, is it?
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ืืš ื–ื” ืœื ืžืื“ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื›ืžื• ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
23:17
Like God.
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23:19
Hence the phrase, "tooth-fairy agnostic."
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ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™: "ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ื™ืช-ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื",
23:21
Bertrand Russell made the same point
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ื‘ืจื˜ืจื ื“ ืจืืกืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
23:23
using a hypothetical teapot in orbit about Mars.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงื ืงืŸ-ืชื” ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื˜ื™ ืฉื—ื’ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืื“ื™ื.
23:27
You would strictly have to be agnostic
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ
ื‘ืฉืืœืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืงื ืงืŸ-ืชื” ืฉื—ื’ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืื“ื™ื,
23:29
about whether there is a teapot in orbit about Mars,
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23:31
but that doesn't mean you treat the likelihood of its existence
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ืืš ื–ื” ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื™ื•ืžื•
23:34
as on all fours with its non-existence.
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ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœืื™-ืงื™ื•ืžื•.
23:37
The list of things which we strictly have to be agnostic about
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ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื
23:40
doesn't stop at tooth fairies and teapots; it's infinite.
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ืœื ื ืขืฆืจืช ื‘ืคื™ื•ืช-ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื ืงื ื™-ืชื”. ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
23:44
If you want to believe one particular one of them --
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžื”ื -
23:46
unicorns or tooth fairies or teapots or Yahweh --
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ื—ื“-ืงืจืŸ, ืคื™ื™ืช-ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืงื ืงืŸ-ืชื”
ืื• ื™ื”ื•ื”,
23:50
the onus is on you to say why.
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ืขืœื™ืš ื—ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
23:53
The onus is not on the rest of us to say why not.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื.
23:57
We, who are atheists,
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ื›ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ืื ื• ื’ื ื-ืคื™ื•ืชื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ื-ืงื ืงื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
23:58
are also a-fairyists and a-teapotists.
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24:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
24:04
But we don't bother to say so.
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ืืš ืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช,
24:06
And this is why my friend uses "tooth-fairy agnostic"
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘"ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ื™ืช-ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื"
24:10
as a label for what most people would call atheist.
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ื›ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืืชืื™ืกื˜".
24:13
Nonetheless, if we want to attract deep-down atheists to come out publicly,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื—ืฉืื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
24:19
we're going to have find something better to stick on our banner
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ื ื™ืืœืฅ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื’ืœื ื•
ืžืืฉืจ "ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื™ืช-ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื" ืื• "ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืงื ืงืŸ-ืชื”".
24:22
than "tooth-fairy" or "teapot agnostic."
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24:25
So, how about "humanist"?
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ืื– ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœ"ื”ื•ืžื ื™ืกื˜"?
24:29
This has the advantage of a worldwide network of well-organized associations
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
24:34
and journals and things already in place.
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ื•ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื–ื”
24:36
My problem with it is only its apparent anthropocentrism.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืช (ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–).
24:38
One of the things we've learned from Darwin
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื—ื“
24:41
is that the human species is only one
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24:43
among millions of cousins, some close, some distant.
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช.
24:47
And there are other possibilities, like "naturalist,"
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• "ื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜".
24:49
but that also has problems of confusion,
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ืืš ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ,
24:52
because Darwin would have thought naturalist --
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ื›ื™ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘"ื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜" --
24:54
"Naturalist" means, of course, as opposed to "supernaturalist" --
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, "ื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜" ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืž"ื“ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™",
24:57
and it is used sometimes --
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื• --
24:59
Darwin would have been confused by the other sense of "naturalist,"
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ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ "ื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜",
25:02
which he was, of course,
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ื•ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, (ื—ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื‘ืข)
25:03
and I suppose there might be others who would confuse it with "nudism".
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื™ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื“ื™ื–ื.
25:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
25:10
Such people might be those belonging to the British lynch mob,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื ืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ืืกืคืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื™ื ืฅ' ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™
25:16
which last year attacked a pediatrician in mistake for a pedophile.
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ืฉืชืงืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื” ืคื“ื™ืื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ (ืจื•ืคื-ื™ืœื“ื™ื) ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื“ื•ืคื™ืœ.
25:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
25:27
I think the best of the available alternatives for "atheist"
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœ"ืืชืื™ืกื˜" ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ "ืœื-ืชืื™ืกื˜"
25:30
is simply "non-theist."
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25:32
It lacks the strong connotation that there's definitely no God,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ืงื•ื ื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืืœ,
25:35
and it could therefore easily be embraced by teapot or tooth-fairy agnostics.
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ื•ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื ื™ ืคื™ื•ืช-ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื ืงื ื™-ืชื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืืžืฆื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
25:40
It's completely compatible with the God of the physicists.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื.
ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•...
25:46
When atheists like Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein use the word "God,"
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ื›ืฉืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื›ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื•ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื",
ื”ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืžืงื•ืฆืจ
25:53
they use it of course as a metaphorical shorthand
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25:56
for that deep, mysterious part of physics which we don't yet understand.
447
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ืœืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื—ื™ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ื‘ื ื•.
26:02
"Non-theist" will do for all that, yet unlike "atheist,"
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"ืœื-ืชืื™ืกื˜" ื™ืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืž"ืืชืื™ืกื˜",
26:07
it doesn't have the same phobic, hysterical responses.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.
26:14
But I think, actually, the alternative
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ืืš ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื“ืื™
26:16
is to grasp the nettle of the word "atheism" itself,
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ืœืชืคื•ืก ื‘ืงืจื ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืืชืื™ื–ื" ืขืฆืžื”
26:19
precisely because it is a taboo word,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ืžื™ืœืช-ื˜ืื‘ื•
26:22
carrying frissons of hysterical phobia.
453
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ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื’ืœื™ ืคื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืช.
26:26
Critical mass may be harder to achieve with the word "atheist"
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืืชืื™ืกื˜"
26:29
than with the word "non-theist,"
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขื "ืœื-ืชืื™ืกื˜",
26:31
or some other non-confrontational word.
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ืื• ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืขื™ืžื•ืช,
26:33
But if we did achieve it with that dread word "atheist" itself,
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ืืš ืื ืื›ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช ืขื ืžื™ืœื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ื–ื•, "ืืชืื™ืกื˜",
26:37
the political impact would be even greater.
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
26:41
Now, I said that if I were religious, I'd be very afraid of evolution --
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ืืžืจืชื™, ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
26:44
I'd go further: I would fear science in general, if properly understood.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืœื›ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ
ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืžื“ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ื”.
26:48
And this is because the scientific worldview
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช
26:51
is so much more exciting, more poetic,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื’ืฉืช ื•ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืช,
26:54
more filled with sheer wonder
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ื•ืžืœืื” ื‘ืคืœื™ืื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ
26:57
than anything in the poverty-stricken arsenals of the religious imagination.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจืกื ืœ ืžื•ื›ื”-ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™.
27:04
As Carl Sagan, another recently dead hero, put it,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืงืืจืœ ืกืื’ืืŸ, ืขื•ื“ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”:
27:09
"How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science
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"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื“ืข
27:13
and concluded, 'This is better than we thought!
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"ื•ืคืกืงื”: 'ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื”ื’ื™ื ื•!
27:17
The universe is much bigger than our prophet said,
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"ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื ื‘ื™ืื ื•,
27:20
grander, more subtle, more elegant'?
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"ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคืœื, ืžืœื-ื“ืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™'?
27:23
Instead they say, 'No, no, no!
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"'ืœื,' ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ืœื ื•ืœื! 'ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ,
27:26
My god is a little god, and I want him to stay that way.'
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"ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจ'.
27:31
A religion, old or new,
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"ื“ืช, ื™ืฉื ื” ืื• ื—ื“ืฉื”,
27:33
that stressed the magnificence of the universe
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"ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ืชืคืืจืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื
"ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
27:36
as revealed by modern science,
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27:38
might be able to draw forth reserves of reverence and awe
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"ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืœื™ื” ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืฆื” ื•ื™ืจืืช-ื›ื‘ื•ื“
27:41
hardly tapped by the conventional faiths."
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"ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœื” ืฉื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’".
27:46
Now, this is an elite audience,
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ืื– ื”ืงื”ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืœื™ืช,
27:49
and I would therefore expect about 10 percent of you to be religious.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื›-10% ืžื›ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื.
27:55
Many of you probably subscribe to our polite cultural belief
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ืชื ื• ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืžืกืช
28:00
that we should respect religion.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ืช,
28:03
But I also suspect that a fair number of those
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื“ ืฉืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื
28:07
secretly despise religion as much as I do.
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ื‘ื–ื™ื ื‘ืกืชืจ ืœื™ื‘ื ืœื“ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
28:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
28:12
If you're one of them, and of course many of you may not be,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื›ืืœื”, ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื,
28:14
but if you are one of them,
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ืืš ืื ืืชื ื›ืืœื”,
ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื, ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื,
28:16
I'm asking you to stop being polite,
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28:18
come out, and say so.
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ืฆืื• ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืžืจื• ื–ืืช,
ื•ืื ืืชื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื,
28:21
And if you happen to be rich,
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28:23
give some thought to ways in which you might make a difference.
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ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
28:27
The religious lobby in this country
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ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•
28:29
is massively financed by foundations -- to say nothing of all the tax benefits --
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ืžืžื•ืžืŸ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืข"ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื -- ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก --
28:35
by foundations, such as the Templeton Foundation and the Discovery Institute.
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ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงืจืŸ ื˜ืžืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงื‘ืจื™.
28:40
We need an anti-Templeton to step forward.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืื ื˜ื™-ื˜ืžืคืœื˜ื•ื ื™.
28:45
If my books sold as well as Stephen Hawking's books,
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ืื ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ื• ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืงื™ื ืก
28:49
instead of only as well as Richard Dawkins' books, I'd do it myself.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
28:56
People are always going on about, "How did September the 11th change you?"
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: "ืื™ืš ื”-11.9 ืฉื™ื ื” ืื•ืชืš"?
29:03
Well, here's how it changed me.
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ืื– ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™:
29:06
Let's all stop being so damned respectful.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืขื ื™ืจืืช-ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื•.
29:11
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
29:13
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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