Militant atheism | Richard Dawkins

Prevoditelj: Tajni Prevodilac Recezent: Ivan Majstorovic

Ta divna glazba, uvodna glazba --

That splendid music, the coming-in music,

"The Elephant March" from "Aida," is the music I've chosen for my funeral.

"Marš slonova" iz Aide je glazba koju sam odabrao za svoj sprovod.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

And you can see why. It's triumphal.

A možete vidjeti i zašto - trijumfalna je.

I won't feel anything, but if I could,

Ja ću... Ja neću osjećati ništa, ali kada bih mogao,

I would feel triumphal at having lived at all,

osjećao bih se trijumfalno što sam uopće živio.

and at having lived on this splendid planet,

što sam živio na ovom predivnom planetu

and having been given the opportunity to understand

i što sam imao priliku razumjeti

something about why I was here in the first place, before not being here.

nešto o tome zašto sam uopće ovdje prije nego što me nije bilo.

Can you understand my quaint English accent?

Možete li razumjeti moj neobični engleski naglasak?

(Laughter)

Like everybody else, I was entranced yesterday by the animal session.

Poput svih, bio sam zadivljen jučerašnjom životinjskom sekcijom.

Robert Full and Frans Lanting and others;

Rovert Full i Frans Lanting i ostali --

the beauty of the things that they showed.

ljepota stvari koju su prikazali.

The only slight jarring note was when Jeffrey Katzenberg said of the mustang,

Samo mi je jedna sitnica parala uši kada je Jeffrey Katzenberg rekao za mustanga:

"the most splendid creatures that God put on this earth."

"Najveličanstvenija bića koja je Bog stavio na Zemlju."

Now of course, we know that he didn't really mean that,

Naravno, mi znamo da on to nije zapravo mislio,

but in this country at the moment, you can't be too careful.

ali u u ovom trenutku u ovoj zemlji ne možeš biti pretjerano pažljiv.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

I'm a biologist, and the central theorem of our subject: the theory of design,

Biolog sam i središnji predmet koji proučavamo jest teorija postanka,

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Darwinova teorija evolucije prirodnom selekcijom.

In professional circles everywhere, it's of course universally accepted.

U stručnim krugovima posvuda ona je, naravno, univerzalno prihvaćena.

In non-professional circles outside America, it's largely ignored.

U nestručnim krugovima izvan Amerike, uglavnom se ignorira.

But in non-professional circles within America,

Ali u nestručnim krugovima u Americi

it arouses so much hostility --

ona potiče toliko neprijateljstva --

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

it's fair to say that American biologists are in a state of war.

da se može reći kako su američki biolozi u ratu.

The war is so worrying at present,

Taj je rat je toliko zabrinjavajuć u ovom trenutku

with court cases coming up in one state after another,

sa sudskim parnicama koje se podižu u sve više američkih država,

that I felt I had to say something about it.

da sam osjećao kako moram nešto reći o tome.

If you want to know what I have to say about Darwinism itself,

Želite li znati što imam za reći o samom darvinizmu,

I'm afraid you're going to have to look at my books,

bojim se da ćete morati pogledati moje knjige

which you won't find in the bookstore outside.

koje nećete moći pronaći u obližnjoj knjižari.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

Contemporary court cases

Današnje sudske parnice

often concern an allegedly new version of creationism,

često se vode oko navodno nove verzije kreacionizma,

called "Intelligent Design," or ID.

koja se naziva inteligentno stvaranje ili IS.

Don't be fooled. There's nothing new about ID.

Ne dajte se zavarati. Ništa nije novo u vezi IS-a.

It's just creationism under another name,

To je samo kreacionizam s drugim nazivom.

rechristened -- I choose the word advisedly --

Prekršten - pažljivo biram riječ -

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

for tactical, political reasons.

- zbog taktičkih i političkih razloga.

The arguments of so-called ID theorists

Argumenti takozvanih IS teoretičara

are the same old arguments that had been refuted again and again,

su isti oni stari argumenti koji su pobijani ponovo i ponovo

since Darwin down to the present day.

od Darwina pa do današnjeg dana.

There is an effective evolution lobby

Postoji učinkovit evolucijski lobi

coordinating the fight on behalf of science,

koji se koordinirano bori na strani znanosti

and I try to do all I can to help them,

i ja pokušavam učiniti što mogu kako bih im pomogao,

but they get quite upset when people like me dare to mention

ali oni se prilično uzrujaju kada se ljudi poput mene usude spomenuti

that we happen to be atheists as well as evolutionists.

da smo mi i ateisti kao i evolucionisti.

They see us as rocking the boat, and you can understand why.

Oni nas vide kao provokatore, a možete razumjeti zašto.

Creationists, lacking any coherent scientific argument for their case,

Kreacionisti, u nedostatku ikakvog suvislog znanstvenog argumenta,

fall back on the popular phobia against atheism:

koriste popularnu fobiju od ateizma.

Teach your children evolution in biology class,

Učite svoju djecu evoluciji na satovima biologije

and they'll soon move on to drugs, grand larceny and sexual "pre-version."

i uskoro će se drogirat, postat će kriminalci i seksualni pre-verznjaci.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

In fact, of course, educated theologians from the Pope down

Zapravo, naravno, obrazovani teolozi od Pape na niže

are firm in their support of evolution.

su čvrsti u svojoj potpori evoluciji.

This book, "Finding Darwin's God," by Kenneth Miller,

Ova knjiga, "Pronalazak Darwinova Boga" Kennetha Millera,

is one of the most effective attacks on Intelligent Design that I know

jest jedan od najučinkovitijih napada na inteligentno stvaranje

koje znam i još je učinkovitiji

and it's all the more effective because it's written by a devout Christian.

jer ju je napisao pobožni kršćanin.

People like Kenneth Miller could be called a "godsend" to the evolution lobby,

Ljude poput Kennetha Millera bismo mogli nazvati bogomdanima evolucijskome lobiju --

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

because they expose the lie that evolutionism is, as a matter of fact,

jer otkrivaju laž da je evolucionizam, zapravo,

tantamount to atheism.

istovjetan ateizmu.

People like me, on the other hand, rock the boat.

Ljude poput mene se, s druge strane, naziva provokatorima.

But here, I want to say something nice about creationists.

Ali sada želim reći nešto lijepo o kreacionistima.

It's not a thing I often do, so listen carefully.

Ne radim to često pa pozorno slušajte.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

I think they're right about one thing.

Mislim da su u pravu glede jedne stvari.

I think they're right that evolution

Mislim da su u pravu da je evolucija

is fundamentally hostile to religion.

u svojem temelju neprijateljska prema religiji.

I've already said that many individual evolutionists, like the Pope,

Već sam rekao kako su mnogi evolucionisti, poput Pape,

are also religious, but I think they're deluding themselves.

također religiozni, ali smatram da se zavaravaju.

I believe a true understanding of Darwinism

Vjerujem kako pravo razumijevanje darvinizma

is deeply corrosive to religious faith.

duboko nagriza vjeru.

Now, it may sound as though I'm about to preach atheism,

Sada, može se činiti da počinjem propovijedati ateizam

and I want to reassure you that that's not what I'm going to do.

i želio bih vas razuvjeriti da to nije ono što ću učiniti.

In an audience as sophisticated as this one,

Publici tako profinjenoj kao što je ova

that would be preaching to the choir.

to bi bilo poput propovijedanja religijskom zboru.

No, what I want to urge upon you --

Ne, ono što želim potaknuti kod vas --

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

Instead, what I want to urge upon you is militant atheism.

-- ono što zapravo želim potaknuti kod vas jest borbeni ateizam.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

(Applause)

(aplauz)

But that's putting it too negatively.

Ali to zvuči previše negativno.

If I was a person who were interested in preserving religious faith,

Da sam želio - da sam osoba kojoj je stalo do očuvanja vjere,

I would be very afraid of the positive power of evolutionary science,

jako bih se bojao pozitivne snage evolucijske znanosti

and indeed science generally, but evolution in particular,

i općenito svake znanosti, ali evolucije posebno,

to inspire and enthrall, precisely because it is atheistic.

da nadahne i očara upravo zato jer jest ateistička.

Now, the difficult problem for any theory of biological design

Težak problem za svaku teoriju biološkog stvaranja

is to explain the massive statistical improbability of living things.

jest objasniti vrlo veliku statističku nevjerojatnost živih stvari.

Statistical improbability in the direction of good design --

Statistička nevjerojatnost u smjeru dobrog stvaranja --

"complexity" is another word for this.

kompleksnost je još jedna riječ za ovo.

The standard creationist argument --

Standardni kreacionistički argument - zapravo postoji samo jedan i svi se svode na njega --

there is only one; they're all reduced to this one --

takes off from a statistical improbability.

kreće od statističke nevjerojatnosti.

Living creatures are too complex to have come about by chance;

Živa bića su previše kompleksna da bi nastala po slučaju

therefore, they must have had a designer.

pa stoga mora postojati stvoritelj.

This argument of course, shoots itself in the foot.

Ovaj argement, naravno, pobija sam sebe.

Bilo koji stvoritelj sposoban da stvori nešto zaista kompleksno,

Any designer capable of designing something really complex

has to be even more complex himself,

morao bi sam biti još kompleksniji i to prije nego što uopće krenemo o

and that's before we even start on the other things he's expected to do,

svim ostalim stvarima koje se od njega očekuju

like forgive sins, bless marriages, listen to prayers --

kao što su opraštanje grijeha, blagoslov brakova, slušanje molitvi,

favor our side in a war --

-- naklonost našoj strani u ratu --

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

disapprove of our sex lives, and so on.

neodobravanje našeg spolnog života i tako dalje.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

Complexity is the problem that any theory of biology has to solve,

Kompleksnost jest problem koji svaka teorija u biologiji mora razriješiti

and you can't solve it by postulating an agent that is even more complex,

i nemoguće ga je riješiti postuliranjem uzroka koji je još kompleksniji

thereby simply compounding the problem.

čime problem postaje samo još složeniji.

Darwinian natural selection is so stunningly elegant

Darwinova prirodna selekcija je toliko zadivljujuće elegantna

because it solves the problem of explaining complexity

jer rješava problem objašnjavajući kompleksnost

in terms of nothing but simplicity.

koristeći samo jednostavnost.

Essentially, it does it by providing a smooth ramp

U osnovi, to čini pružajući glatku kosinu

of gradual, step-by-step increment.

stupnjevanog uspona korak po korak.

But here, I only want to make the point

Ali ovdje bih želio istaknuti poantu

that the elegance of Darwinism is corrosive to religion,

kako elegantnost Darvinizma nagriza religiju

precisely because it is so elegant, so parsimonious, so powerful,

upravo jer je toliko elegantan, toliko parsimoničan, tako moćan,

so economically powerful.

tako ekonomično moćan.

Posjeduje snagu i žilavost prekrasnog visećeg mosta.

It has the sinewy economy of a beautiful suspension bridge.

The God theory is not just a bad theory.

Božja teorija nije samo loša teorija.

It turns out to be -- in principle --

Ona ispada u korijenu nesposobna činiti posao koji se od nje očekuje.

incapable of doing the job required of it.

So, returning to tactics and the evolution lobby,

Pa vrativši se sada na taktike i evolucijski lobi,

I want to argue that rocking the boat

smatram kako je provociranje prava stvar koju treba učiniti.

may be just the right thing to do.

My approach to attacking creationism is --

Moj pristup napadanju kreacionizma nije jednak evolucijskom lobiju.

unlike the evolution lobby --

my approach to attacking creationism is to attack religion as a whole.

Moj pristup napadanju kreacionizma jest napadanje religije u cijelosti.

And at this point I need to acknowledge the remarkable taboo

U ovom trenutku moram istaknuti značajan tabu

against speaking ill of religion,

prema govorenju loših stvari o religiji.

and I'm going to do so in the words of the late Douglas Adams,

To ću učiniti riječima Douglasa Adamsa,

a dear friend who, if he never came to TED,

dragog prijatelja koji bi, ako još nije bio na TED-u,

certainly should have been invited.

svakako trebao biti pozvan.

(Richard Saul Wurman: He was.)

(Richard Saul Wurman: Bio je pozvan.)

Richard Dawkins: He was. Good. I thought he must have been.

Bio je. Dobro. I mislio sam da je trebao biti.

He begins this speech, which was tape recorded in Cambridge

On započinje ovaj govor, snimljen na Cambridgeu netom prije svoje smrti.

shortly before he died --

On započinje ovaj govor, snimljen na Cambridgeu netom prije svoje smrti.

he begins by explaining how science works through the testing of hypotheses

Započinje ga objašnjavajući kako znanost djeluje testirajući hipoteze

that are framed to be vulnerable to disproof, and then he goes on.

koje su osjetljive na pobijanje pa nastavlja --

I quote, "Religion doesn't seem to work like that.

Citiram: "Čini se da religija ne djeluje na takav način.

It has certain ideas at the heart of it, which we call 'sacred' or 'holy.'

Ona sadrži određene središnje ideje koje smatramo svetima.

What it means is: here is an idea or a notion

A to znači -- ovo je jedna ideja ili pretpostavka

that you're not allowed to say anything bad about.

o kojoj ne smijete reći ništa loše --

You're just not. Why not? Because you're not."

Jednostavno ne smijete. Zašto ne? Zato što ne.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

"Why should it be that it's perfectly legitimate

Zašto je posve legitimno podržavati republikance ili demokrate,

to support the Republicans or Democrats,

this model of economics versus that,

ovaj ekonomski model ili onaj, Macintoch umjesto Windowsa,

Macintosh instead of Windows,

but to have an opinion about how the universe began,

ali imati mišljenje o nastanku svemira,

about who created the universe --

o tome tko je stvorio svemir -- ne, to je sveto.

no, that's holy.

So, we're used to not challenging religious ideas,

Tako smo navikli ne dovoditi u pitanje religijske ideje i postavke

and it's very interesting how much of a furor Richard creates

i vrlo je interesantno koliko strke Richard stvara

when he does it." --

kada ih dovodi u pitanje." Misli na mene, ne onog tamo.

He meant me, not that one.

"Everybody gets absolutely frantic about it,

"Svi se jako naljute zbog toga

because you're not allowed to say these things.

jer nam nije dopušteno govoriti takve stvare, a opet kada na to pogledamo razumski

Yet when you look at it rationally,

there's no reason why those ideas

nema nikakvog razloga zašto te ideje ne bi trebale biti otvorene za raspravu

shouldn't be as open to debate as any other,

kao i bilo koje druge, osim što se mi nekako nismo među sobom dogovorili

except that we've agreed somehow between us

that they shouldn't be."

da ne bi trebale biti" i to je kraj Douglasova citata.

And that's the end of the quote from Douglas.

In my view, not only is science corrosive to religion;

Prema mojem mišljenju, ne nagriza samo znanost religiju,

religion is corrosive to science.

nego i religija nagriza znanost.

It teaches people to be satisfied with trivial,

Ona uči ljude da se zadovolje trivijalnim, praznovjernim ne-objašnjenjima

supernatural non-explanations,

and blinds them to the wonderful, real explanations

i zasljepljuje ih od predivnih stvarnih objašnjenja koja možemo dokučiti.

that we have within our grasp.

It teaches them to accept authority, revelation and faith,

Ona uči ljude da prihvaćaju autoritet, otkrivenje i vjeru

instead of always insisting on evidence.

umjesto stalnog inzistiranja na dokazima.

There's Douglas Adams, magnificent picture from his book, "Last Chance to See."

Ovo je Douglas Adams, veličanstvena fotografija iz njegove knjige "Posljednja šansa da progledamo" (Last Chance to See)

Now, there's a typical scientific journal,

A ovo je tipični znanstveni časopis, Quarterly Review of Biology.

The Quarterly Review of Biology.

And I'm going to put together, as guest editor,

I sastavit ću, kao gostujući urednik,

a special issue on the question, "Did an asteroid kill the dinosaurs?"

posebni broj na pitanje "Je li asteriod ubio dinosaure?"

And the first paper is a standard scientific paper,

Prvi članak je standardni znanstveni članak

presenting evidence,

koji prezentira dokaze, "Iridijski omotač na K-T granici,

"Iridium layer at the K-T boundary,

and potassium argon dated crater in Yucatan,

kalij-argonski krater iz Yucatana

indicate that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

ukazuje kako je asteroid ubio Dinosaure."

Perfectly ordinary scientific paper.

Potpuno običan znanstveni članak.

Now, the next one.

E sada, sljedeći, "Predsjedniku Kraljevskoga društva

"The President of the Royal Society

has been vouchsafed a strong inner conviction

podareno je snažno unutarnje uvjerenje -- (smijeh) --

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

kako je asteroid ubio dinosaure."

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

"It has been privately revealed to Professor Huxtane

"Profesoru Huxtaneu je privatno otkriveno

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

kako je asteroid ubio dinosaure."

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

"Professor Hordley was brought up

"Spominje se kako profesor Hordley

to have total and unquestioning faith" --

ima potpunu i neupitnu vjeru --

(Laughter) --

(smijeh)

"that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

... da je asteroid ubio dinosaure."

"Professor Hawkins has promulgated an official dogma

"Profesor Hawkins je objavio službenu dogmu

binding on all loyal Hawkinsians

povezujući sve odane Hawkinsijance

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

kako je asteroid ubio dinosaure."

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

That's inconceivable, of course.

To je, dakako, nezamislivo.

But suppose --

Ali zamislite --

[Supporters of the Asteroid Theory cannot be patriotic citizens]

(aplauz)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

In 1987, a reporter asked George Bush, Sr.

-- 1987. godine jedan je reporter upitao Georgea Busha starijeg

whether he recognized the equal citizenship and patriotism

smatra li da su ateisti jednaki građani i patrioti kao i ostali Amerikanci?

of Americans who are atheists.

smatra li da su ateisti jednaki građani i patrioti kao i ostali Amerikanci?

Mr. Bush's reply has become infamous.

Odgovor gospodina Busha postao je ozloglašen:

"No, I don't know that atheists should be considered citizens,

"Ne, ne mislim da bi ateisti trebali biti smatrani građanima,

nor should they be considered patriots.

niti bi ih se trebalo smatrati patriotima.

This is one nation under God."

Ovo je jedna nacija pod Bogom."

Bush's bigotry was not an isolated mistake,

Busheva fanatična netrpeljivost nije izolorana pogreška

blurted out in the heat of the moment and later retracted.

izvaljena u afektu i kasnije povučena.

He stood by it in the face of repeated calls for clarification or withdrawal.

Stajao je uz nju i nakon ponavljanih poziva za objašnjenjem i povlačenjem.

He really meant it.

Doista je to mislio.

More to the point, he knew it posed no threat to his election --

Dapače, znao je da ona ne predstavlja nikakvu prijetnju njegovim izborima, već upravo suprotno.

quite the contrary.

Democrats as well as Republicans parade their religiousness

Demokrati kao i republikanci paradiraju svojom religioznosti

if they want to get elected.

ako žele da ih se izabere. Obje strane se pozivaju na jednu naciju pod Bogom.

Both parties invoke "one nation under God."

What would Thomas Jefferson have said?

Što bi Thomas Jefferson rekao?

[In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty]

Usput, nisam obično vrlo ponosan što sam Britanac,

Incidentally, I'm not usually very proud of being British,

but you can't help making the comparison.

ali ne možete si pomoći da ne napravite usporedbu.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

In practice, what is an atheist?

Što je zapravo ateist?

An atheist is just somebody who feels about Yahweh

Ateist je netko tko prema Jahveu osjeća ono

the way any decent Christian feels about Thor or Baal or the golden calf.

što svaki pristojni kršćanin osjeća prema Toru, Baalu ili zlatnom teletu.

As has been said before, we are all atheists about most of the gods

Kao što je ranije rečeno, svi smo mi ateisti za većinu bogova

that humanity has ever believed in.

u koje je čovječanstvo ikada vjerovalo. Neki od nas idu samo još jednog boga dalje.

Some of us just go one god further.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

(Applause)

(aplauz)

And however we define atheism, it's surely the kind of academic belief

I kako god definirali ateizam, on je zasigurno oblik akademskog uvjerenja

that a person is entitled to hold without being vilified

na koji osoba ima pravo, a da ju se pritom ne omalovažava

as an unpatriotic, unelectable non-citizen.

kao nepatriota i negrađana.

Nevertheless, it's an undeniable fact that to own up to being an atheist

Bilo kako bilo, nepobitna činjenica je da se bivanje ateistom

is tantamount to introducing yourself as Mr. Hitler or Miss Beelzebub.

svodi na predstavljanje sebe kao gospodin Hitler ili gospođa Belzebub.

And that all stems from the perception of atheists

I sve to proizlazi iz percepcije da su ateisti

as some kind of weird, way-out minority.

neka čudna, zastranjela manjina.

Natalie Angier wrote a rather sad piece in the New Yorker,

Natalie Angier je napisala prilično žalostan članak u New Yorkeru

saying how lonely she felt as an atheist.

u kojem govori kako je usamljena kao ateistica.

She clearly feels in a beleaguered minority.

Pojašnjava kako se osjeća u toj opkoljenoj manjini

But actually, how do American atheists stack up numerically?

a koliko je zapravo ateista u Americi?

The latest survey makes surprisingly encouraging reading.

Posljednje istraživanje ukazuje na ohrabrujuće podatke.

Christianity, of course, takes a massive lion's share of the population,

Kršanstvo, naravno, zauzime lavovski dio populacije

s gotovo 160 milijuna.

with nearly 160 million.

But what would you think was the second largest group,

Ali što biste rekli da je sljedeća najveća skupina,

convincingly outnumbering Jews with 2.8 million, Muslims at 1.1 million,

uvjerljivo nadbrojivši Židove s 2.8 milijuna, Muslimane s 1.1 milijun

Hindus, Buddhists and all other religions put together?

i Hinduse i Budiste i sve ostale religije zajedno?

The second largest group, with nearly 30 million,

Druga najveća skupina, s gotovo 30 milijuna

is the one described as non-religious or secular.

jest ona koja se opisuje kao nereligiozna ili sekularna.

You can't help wondering why vote-seeking politicians

Ne možete se prestati pitati zašto su glasova žedni političari

are so proverbially overawed by the power of, for example, the Jewish lobby --

toliko prepuni strahopoštovanja prema, recimo, židovskome lobiju.

the state of Israel seems to owe its very existence to the American Jewish vote --

Država Izrael duguje svoje postojanje

glasu američkih židova, dok u isto vrijeme

while at the same time,

consigning the non-religious to political oblivion.

šalje nereligiozne ljude u politički zaborav.

This secular non-religious vote, if properly mobilized,

To sekulatno nereligiozno glasačko tijelo, ako se na primjeren način mobilizira,

is nine times as numerous as the Jewish vote.

jest devet puta brojnije od židovskog glasačkog tijela.

Why does this far more substantial minority

Zašto ta daleko značajnija manjina

not make a move to exercise its political muscle?

ne učini korak kako bi upotrijebila svoj politički mišić?

Well, so much for quantity. How about quality?

No dobro, toliko o kvantiteti. A što je kvalitetom?

Is there any correlation, positive or negative,

Postoji li korelacija, pozitivna ili negativna,

between intelligence and tendency to be religious?

između inteligencije i tendecije prema religioznosti?

[Them folks misunderestimated me]

(smijeh)

(Laughter)

The survey that I quoted, which is the ARIS survey,

Istraživanje koje sam citirao, ARIS istraživanje,

didn't break down its data by socio-economic class or education,

nije razdvajalo podatke prema socio-ekonomskim klasama ili obrazovanju,

IQ or anything else.

prema kvocijentu inteligencije (KI) ili bilo čemu drugome.

But a recent article by Paul G. Bell in the Mensa magazine

No, nedavni članak Paula G. Bella u Mensinom magazinu

provides some straws in the wind.

pruža određene putokaze.

Mensa, as you know, is an international organization

Mensa, kao što znate, je međunarodna organizacija

for people with very high IQ.

za ljude koji imaju vrlo visok KI.

And from a meta-analysis of the literature,

I prema meta-analizi literature,

Bell concludes that, I quote -- "Of 43 studies carried out since 1927

Bell zaključuje kako, citiram, "Od 43 studije provedene od 1927. godine

on the relationship between religious belief,

koji ma se proučava veza religioznosti i pojedinčeve inteligencije ili stupnja obrazovanja,

and one's intelligence or educational level,

all but four found an inverse connection.

sve osim četiri pokazuju negativnu vezu.

That is, the higher one's intelligence or educational level,

To znači, što je viša pojedinčeva inteligencija ili stupanj obrazovanja,

the less one is likely to be religious."

manja je vjerojatnost da će biti religiozan."

Well, I haven't seen the original 42 studies,

Doduše, nisam vidio u originalu ta 42 istraživanja i ne mogu komentirati meta-analizu

and I can't comment on that meta-analysis,

but I would like to see more studies done along those lines.

ali volio bih vidjeti više istraživanja napravljenih na ovu temu.

And I know that there are -- if I could put a little plug here --

I znam da postoje, ako mogu malo potaknuti,

ljudi u ovoj publici

there are people in this audience

easily capable of financing a massive research survey to settle the question,

koji bi lako mogli financirati golemo istraživanje koje bi odgovorilo na pitanje

and I put the suggestion up, for what it's worth.

i ovime vam predlažem da to i učinite.

But let me know show you some data

No dopustite mi da vam prikažem podatke

that have been properly published and analyzed,

koji su propisno objavljeni i analizirani

on one special group -- namely, top scientists.

na jednoj posebnoj skupini, a to su vrhunski znanstvenici.

In 1998, Larson and Witham polled the cream of American scientists,

Godine 1998. Larson i Witham

ispitali su samu kremu američkih znanstvenika,

those who'd been honored by election to the National Academy of Sciences,

one koji su bili izabranu u Nacionalnu akademiju znanosti,

and among this select group,

i unutar odabrane skupine

belief in a personal God dropped to a shattering seven percent.

vjera u osobnoga boga opala je na lomljivih sedam posto.

About 20 percent are agnostic; the rest could fairly be called atheists.

Otprilike 20 posto su agnostici, a ostali bi se lako mogli nazvati ateistima.

Similar figures obtained for belief in personal immortality.

Slične su brojke dobivene i za vjerovanje u osobnu besmrtnost.

Among biological scientists, the figure is even lower:

Među biolozima, brojke su još niže

5.5 percent, only, believe in God.

samo 5.5 posto vjeruje u boga. Fizičari - 7.5 posto.

Physical scientists, it's 7.5 percent.

I've not seen corresponding figures for elite scholars

Nisam vidio ove brojke za elitne znanstvenike

in other fields, such as history or philosophy,

u ostalim poljima poput povijesti i filozofije

but I'd be surprised if they were different.

ali bio bih iznenađen da su drugačiji.

So, we've reached a truly remarkable situation,

Tako smo došli do zaista zadivljujućeg stanja

a grotesque mismatch between the American intelligentsia

groteskne razlike između američkih intelektualaca

and the American electorate.

i američkog biračkog tijela.

A philosophical opinion about the nature of the universe,

Filozofsko mišljenje o prirodi nastanka svemira,

which is held by the vast majority of top American scientists

koje drži velika većina vrhunskih američkih znanstvenika

and probably the majority of the intelligentsia generally,

i vjerojatno većina intelektualaca uopće,

is so abhorrent to the American electorate

toliko je nespojivo s američkim biračkim tijelom

that no candidate for popular election dare affirm it in public.

da ga se niti jedan politički kandidat ne usuđuje javno zauzeti.

If I'm right, this means that high office

Ukoliko sam u pravo, to znači da je visoka politika

in the greatest country in the world

u najvećoj državi na svijetu

is barred to the very people best qualified to hold it --

nedostupna onima koji na najkvalificiraniji voditi ju - intelektualcima,

the intelligentsia --

unless they are prepared to lie about their beliefs.

osim ako nisu spremni lagati o svojim uvjerenjima.

To put it bluntly: American political opportunities

Da to kažem otvoreno, američki politički oportunisti

are heavily loaded against those

su izrazito snažno protiv onih

who are simultaneously intelligent and honest.

koji su istodobno inteligentni i iskreni.

(Laughter)

(aplauz)

(Applause)

I'm not a citizen of this country, so I hope it won't be thought unbecoming

Nisam državljanin ove zemlje pa se nadam da neću biti neuljudan

if I suggest that something needs to be done.

ako predložim da se nešto treba učiniti.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

And I've already hinted what that something is.

A već sam i natuknuo što to nešto jest.

From what I've seen of TED, I think this may be the ideal place to launch it.

Koliko sam vidio TED, mislim da je ovo isealno mjesto za početak.

Again, I fear it will cost money.

No, bojim se da će koštati.

We need a consciousness-raising,

Potrebno nam je podizanje svijesti

coming-out campaign for American atheists.

kampanja izlaska iz ormara za američke ateiste.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

This could be similar to the campaign organized by homosexuals

To bi moglo biti slično kampanji koju su organizirali homoseksualci

a few years ago,

prije nekoliko godina

although heaven forbid that we should stoop to public outing

Iako, bože sačuvaj da bismo se trebali pognuti pred javnim istupom

of people against their will.

ljudi protiv njihove volje.

In most cases, people who out themselves

U većini slučajeva, ljudi koji istupe

will help to destroy the myth that there is something wrong with atheists.

će pomoći razbiti mit da s ateistima nešto ne valja.

On the contrary,

Upravo suprotno

they'll demonstrate that atheists are often the kinds of people

oni će pokazati da su ateisti često oni ljudi

who could serve as decent role models for your children,

koji mogu poslužiti kao pristojni uzor za vašu djecu,

the kinds of people an advertising agent could use to recommend a product,

oni ljudi koje bi prodajni agent iskoristio za reklamu prizvoda,

the kinds of people who are sitting in this room.

oni ljudi koji sjete u ovoj sobi.

There should be a snowball effect, a positive feedback,

Trebala bi nastati lavina, pozitivna povratna informacija

such that the more names we have, the more we get.

poput što više imena imamo, više dobivamo.

There could be non-linearities, threshold effects.

Mogli bi postojati nelinearni efekti praga.

When a critical mass has been obtained,

Jednom kada se postigne kritična masa,

there's an abrupt acceleration in recruitment.

počinje strmo ubrzanje u novačenju.

And again, it will need money.

I ponovo, bit će potreban novac.

I suspect that the word "atheist" itself

Pretpostavljam da sama riječ "ateist"

contains or remains a stumbling block

sadrži kamen spoticanja

far out of proportion to what it actually means,

znatno većeg razmjera od njena samog značenja i taj kamen spoticanja

and a stumbling block to people

who otherwise might be happy to out themselves.

za ljude koji bi inače bili sretni da istupe.

So, what other words might be used to smooth the path,

Pa koje bismo onda riječi mogli upotrijebiti da izgladimo put,

oil the wheels, sugar the pill?

nauljimo kotačiće, zasladimo gorčinu? Darwin je preferirao izraz agnostici --

Darwin himself preferred "agnostic" --

and not only out of loyalty to his friend Huxley,

i ne samo iz odanost svojem prijatelju Huxleyu, koji je izmislio taj termin.

who coined the term.

Darwin said, "I have never been an atheist

Darwin je rekao: "Nisam nikada bio ateist

in the same sense of denying the existence of a God.

u smislu poriacanja postojanja Boga.

I think that generally an 'agnostic'

Držim kako bi agnostik

would be the most correct description of my state of mind."

bio točan opis mojeg stanja uma."

He even became uncharacteristically tetchy with Edward Aveling.

Čak je postao i neuobičajeno razdražljiv na Edwarda Avelinga.

Aveling was a militant atheist

Aveling je bio ratoborni ateist

who failed to persuade Darwin

koji nije uspio uvjeriti Darwina

to accept the dedication of his book on atheism --

da prihvati posvetu svoje knjige o ateizmu --

incidentally, giving rise to a fascinating myth

slučajno započevši fascinantan mit

that Karl Marx tried to dedicate "Das Kapital" to Darwin,

kako je Karl Marx želio posvetiti "Kapital" Darwinu.

which he didn't, it was actually Edward Aveling.

No to nije istina. Zapravo je to bio Edward Aveling.

What happened was that Aveling's mistress was Marx's daughter,

Ono što se dogodilo jest da je Avelingova ljubavnica bila Marxova kći

and when both Darwin and Marx were dead,

i nakon što su Darwin i Marx umrli

Marx's papers became muddled up with Aveling's papers,

Marxovi papiri su se pomiješali s Avelingovim

and a letter from Darwin saying, "My dear sir, thank you very much

i za pismo od Darwina u kojem piše: "Moj dragi gospodine, zahvaljujem Vam,

but I don't want you to dedicate your book to me,"

ali ne želim da mi posvetite knjigu"

was mistakenly supposed to be addressed to Marx,

se greškom pretpostavlja da je adresirano na Marxa

and that gave rise to this whole myth, which you've probably heard.

i to je izvor cijelog ovog mita za koji ste vjerojatno čuli.

It's a sort of urban myth, that Marx tried to dedicate "Kapital" to Darwin.

Neka vrsta urbanog mita

je to da je Marx pokušao posvetiti Kapital Darwinu.

Anyway, it was Aveling, and when they met, Darwin challenged Aveling.

U svakom slučaju, bio je to Aveling i kada su se susreli, Darwin ga je izazvao

"Why do you call yourselves atheists?"

"Zašto se nazivate ateistima?"

"'Agnostic, '" retorted Aveling, "was simply 'atheist' writ respectable,

"Agnostik", uzvratio je Aveling, "je zapravo ateist rečen pristojno,

and 'atheist' was simply 'agnostic' writ aggressive."

a ateist je zapravo agnostik rečen agresivno."

Darwin complained, "But why should you be so aggressive?"

Darwin se požalio: "Ali zašto biste željeli biti tako agresivni?"

Darwin thought that atheism might be well and good for the intelligentsia,

Darwin je smatrao kako je ateizam dobar za intelektualce,

but that ordinary people were not, quote, "ripe for it."

ali obični ljudi nisu baš "zreli za njega"

Which is, of course, our old friend, the "don't rock the boat" argument.

Što je, dakako, naš dobri stari prijatelj nemoj-provocirati argument.

It's not recorded whether Aveling told Darwin to come down off his high horse.

Nije zabilježeno je li Aveling rekao Darwinu da siđe sa svoje visoke pete.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

But in any case, that was more than 100 years ago.

U svakom slučaju, to je bilo prije više od 100 godina.

You'd think we might have grown up since then.

Pomislili bismo da smo mogli sazrijeti od onda.

Now, a friend, an intelligent lapsed Jew,

Jedan prijatelj, inteligentni posrnuli židov

who, incidentally, observes the Sabbath for reasons of cultural solidarity,

koji je začudo poštovao Subotu (Sabbath)

zbog kulturalne solidarnosti

describes himself as a "tooth-fairy agnostic."

opisao se kao "zubić vila agnostik."

Ne želi se nazvati ateistom

He won't call himself an atheist

because it's, in principle, impossible to prove a negative,

jer je, u principu, nemoguće dokazati nepostojanje,

but "agnostic" on its own might suggest that God's existence

pa agnostici smatraju kako je božje postojanje

was therefore on equal terms of likelihood as his non-existence.

u terminima vjerjatnosti jednako kao i nepostojanje.

Pa tako je moj prijatelj striktni agnostik po pitanju zubić vile,

So, my friend is strictly agnostic about the tooth fairy,

but it isn't very likely, is it?

ali ona nije baš tako vjerojatno, jel tako? Kao i Bog.

Like God.

Hence the phrase, "tooth-fairy agnostic."

I otuda izraz "zubić vila agnostik"

Bertrand Russell made the same point

ali Bertrand Rusell je pokazao istu poantu

using a hypothetical teapot in orbit about Mars.

koristeći zamišljeni čajnik u Marsovoj orbiti.

You would strictly have to be agnostic

Morali biste biti strogi agnostici

about whether there is a teapot in orbit about Mars,

po pitanju postojanja čajnika u Marsovoj orbiti

but that doesn't mean you treat the likelihood of its existence

ali to ne znači da vjerojatnost njegova postojanja smatrate

as on all fours with its non-existence.

jednakom kao i vjerojatnost njegova nepostojanja.

The list of things which we strictly have to be agnostic about

Popis stvari za koje možemo biti isključivi agnostici

doesn't stop at tooth fairies and teapots; it's infinite.

je prestaje kod zubić vila i čajnika. On je beskonačan.

If you want to believe one particular one of them --

Ako želite vjerovati u pojedini od njih,

unicorns or tooth fairies or teapots or Yahweh --

jednorozi, zubić vile, čajnici ili Jahve,

the onus is on you to say why.

breme je na vama da kažete zašto.

The onus is not on the rest of us to say why not.

Breme nije na nama ostalima da kažemo zašto ne.

We, who are atheists,

Mi koji smo ateisti, smo također a-zubićvilci i a-čajnici.

are also a-fairyists and a-teapotists.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

But we don't bother to say so.

Ali to se ne sramimo reći

And this is why my friend uses "tooth-fairy agnostic"

i zato moj prijatelj koristi izraz zubić vila agnostik

as a label for what most people would call atheist.

kao etiketu za nešto što bi većina ljudi nazvala ateistom.

Nonetheless, if we want to attract deep-down atheists to come out publicly,

Ipak, želimo li privući ljude koji su ateisti duboko u sebi da istupe van javno

we're going to have find something better to stick on our banner

morat ćemo pronaći nešto bolje

što možemo staviti na svoju zastavu od zubić vile ili agnostika.

than "tooth-fairy" or "teapot agnostic."

So, how about "humanist"?

Pa što kažete na The Humanist?

This has the advantage of a worldwide network of well-organized associations

On ima prednost da je svjetska mreža dobro organiziranih asocijacija

and journals and things already in place.

i časopisa i stvari na svojem mjestu.

My problem with it is only its apparent anthropocentrism.

Moj jedini problem s njim jest njegov očit antropocentrizam.

One of the things we've learned from Darwin

Jedna od stvari koje smo naučili od Darwina

is that the human species is only one

jest da je ljudska vrsta samo jedna

among millions of cousins, some close, some distant.

od miliona rođaka - nekih bližih, nekih daljih.

And there are other possibilities, like "naturalist,"

I postoje druge opcije poput prirodoslovnog.

but that also has problems of confusion,

No i one imaju problem zbunjenosti

because Darwin would have thought naturalist --

jer bi Darwin razmišljao prirodoslovno

"Naturalist" means, of course, as opposed to "supernaturalist" --

pri čemu prirodoslovno, dakako, znači suprotno od nadnaravnog.

and it is used sometimes --

I koristi se ponekad.

Darwin would have been confused by the other sense of "naturalist,"

Dawrin bi bio zbunjen drugim značenjem prirodoslovca (naturalista)

which he was, of course,

koji je on bio, a vjerujem da postoje i drugi

and I suppose there might be others who would confuse it with "nudism".

koji bi prirodoslovca (naturalista) zamijenili s nudistom.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

Such people might be those belonging to the British lynch mob,

Ti bi ljudi mogli biti pripadnici britanske mase

which last year attacked a pediatrician in mistake for a pedophile.

koja je prošle godine linčevala pedijatra jer ga je zamijenila s pedofilom.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

I think the best of the available alternatives for "atheist"

Mislim da je najbolja alternativa za izraz ateist jednostavno ne-teist.

is simply "non-theist."

It lacks the strong connotation that there's definitely no God,

Nedostaje joj snažne konotacije da definitivno nema Boga

and it could therefore easily be embraced by teapot or tooth-fairy agnostics.

i mogla bi lako obuhvatiti čajničke i zubić vila agnostike.

It's completely compatible with the God of the physicists.

Potpuno je kompatibilna s Bogom fizičara.

Kada ljudi poput -- kadal ateisti poput

When atheists like Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein use the word "God,"

Stephena Hawkinga i Alberta Einsteina koriste riječ "Bog"

they use it of course as a metaphorical shorthand

kotiste ju kao metaforu

for that deep, mysterious part of physics which we don't yet understand.

za onaj duboki misteriozni dio fizike koji još uvijek ne razumijemo.

Ne-teisti obuhvaća sve to, i za razliku od ateista,

"Non-theist" will do for all that, yet unlike "atheist,"

it doesn't have the same phobic, hysterical responses.

nema izaziva one iste fobične, histerične reakcije.

But I think, actually, the alternative

No ja zapravo smatram da je alternativa

is to grasp the nettle of the word "atheism" itself,

nastaviti razdraživati riječju ateist

precisely because it is a taboo word,

upravo zato što ta riječ jest tabu

carrying frissons of hysterical phobia.

koji izaziva reakcije histerične fobije.

Critical mass may be harder to achieve with the word "atheist"

Možda ćemo se do kritične mase teže probiti rječju ateist

than with the word "non-theist,"

nego rječju ne-teist

or some other non-confrontational word.

ili nekom drugom ne-suprotstavljajućom riječju.

But if we did achieve it with that dread word "atheist" itself,

Ali ako bismo to uspjeli postići s tom užasnom rječju ateist

the political impact would be even greater.

politički udar bio bi još veći.

Now, I said that if I were religious, I'd be very afraid of evolution --

Već sam rekao da da kada bih bio religiozan, jako bih se bojao evolucije. Išao bih i dalje

I'd go further: I would fear science in general, if properly understood.

bojao bih se znanosti općenito.

And this is because the scientific worldview

A to je zato što je znanstveni pogled na svijet

is so much more exciting, more poetic,

toliko uzbudljiviji, poetičniji,

more filled with sheer wonder

ispunjeniji finim čudima od ičega

than anything in the poverty-stricken arsenals of the religious imagination.

u osiromašenim arsenalima religiozne mašte.

As Carl Sagan, another recently dead hero, put it,

Kao što je Carl Sagan, još jedan nedavno preminuli heroj, rekao

"How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science

"Kako to da gotovo nijedna velika religija nije pogledala znanost

and concluded, 'This is better than we thought!

i rekla "Ovo je bolje nego što smo mi mislili!

The universe is much bigger than our prophet said,

Svemir je znatno veći nego što je naš prorok rekao,

grander, more subtle, more elegant'?

veličanstveniji, finiji, elegantniji"? Umjesto toga oni kažu "Ne, ne, ne!

Instead they say, 'No, no, no!

My god is a little god, and I want him to stay that way.'

Moj boh je malen bog i želim da ostane takav"

A religion, old or new,

Religija, stara ili nova,

that stressed the magnificence of the universe

koje je istaknula veličanstvenost svemira

as revealed by modern science,

kao što ju otkriva moderna znanost

might be able to draw forth reserves of reverence and awe

bila bi u mogućnosti istaknuti zalihe poštovanja i strahopoštovanja

hardly tapped by the conventional faiths."

netaknute od strane konvencionalnih vjera.

Now, this is an elite audience,

Ovo je elitna publika

and I would therefore expect about 10 percent of you to be religious.

i očekivao bih da vas je otpilike 10 posto religioznih.

Many of you probably subscribe to our polite cultural belief

Mnogi od vas se vjerojatno slažu s našim pristojnim kulturnim vjerovanjem kako bismo trebali poštovati religiju,

that we should respect religion.

But I also suspect that a fair number of those

ali isto tako sumnjam da je solidan broj onih

secretly despise religion as much as I do.

koji potajno preziru religiju onoliko koliko i ja.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

If you're one of them, and of course many of you may not be,

Ako ste jedan od njih, i dakako mnogi od vas ne moraju biti,

but if you are one of them,

ali ako ste jedan od njih, tražim od vas da prestanete biti pristojni,

I'm asking you to stop being polite,

come out, and say so.

da istupite i kažete to, a ako ste uz to i bogati

And if you happen to be rich,

razmislite malo o načinima na koje možete učiniti razliku.

give some thought to ways in which you might make a difference.

The religious lobby in this country

Religijski lobi u ovoj zemlji

is massively financed by foundations -- to say nothing of all the tax benefits --

masivno financiraju fondacije, a da ne kažem ništa o poreznim odbicima,

by foundations, such as the Templeton Foundation and the Discovery Institute.

fondacije kao što je Templeton Foundation i Discovery Institute.

We need an anti-Templeton to step forward.

Potreban nam je anti-Templeton kako bismo napravili korak naprijed.

If my books sold as well as Stephen Hawking's books,

Kada bi se moje knjige prodavale dobro kao i Stephen Hawkingove knjige,

instead of only as well as Richard Dawkins' books, I'd do it myself.

umjesto jedva kao i Richard Dawkinsove knjige, učinio bih to sam.

Ljudi stalno pričaju o tome "Kako te 11. rujan promijenio?"

People are always going on about, "How did September the 11th change you?"

Well, here's how it changed me.

E pa, evo kako je promijenio mene.

Let's all stop being so damned respectful.

Hajdemo svi skupa prestati biti tako prokleto uljudni.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam lijepo.

(Applause)

(aplauz)