Militant atheism | Richard Dawkins

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Klavdija Cernilogar

Ta čudovita glasba, glasba ob prihodu--

That splendid music, the coming-in music,

"The Elephant March" from "Aida," is the music I've chosen for my funeral.

"Marš slonov" iz "Aide"-- je glasba, ki sem jo izbral za svoj pogreb--

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And you can see why. It's triumphal.

--in lahko vidite, zakaj. Zmagoslavna je.

I won't feel anything, but if I could,

Ničesar ne bom čutil, ampak če bi lahko,

I would feel triumphal at having lived at all,

bi čutil zmagoslavje, da sem sploh lahko živel

and at having lived on this splendid planet,

in da sem živel na tem prekrasnem planetu,

and having been given the opportunity to understand

in da mi je bilo dano razumeti

something about why I was here in the first place, before not being here.

nekaj o tem, zakaj sem sploh tu, in zakaj me prej ni bilo.

Can you understand my quaint English accent?

Lahko razumete moj staromoden angleški naglas?

(Laughter)

Like everybody else, I was entranced yesterday by the animal session.

Kot vse ostale, me je včeraj očarala predstavitev živali.

Robert Full and Frans Lanting and others;

Robert Full in Frans Lanting in ostali--

the beauty of the things that they showed.

lepota stvari, ki sta jih prikazala.

The only slight jarring note was when Jeffrey Katzenberg said of the mustang,

Edina neskladnost je bila, ko je Jeffrey Katzenberg rekel, da je mustang

"the most splendid creatures that God put on this earth."

"najbolj čudovito bitje, kar jih je bog postavil na Zemljo."

Now of course, we know that he didn't really mean that,

Seveda se zavedamo, da tega ni mislil dobesedno,

but in this country at the moment, you can't be too careful.

a v tej državi trenutno ne moreš biti preveč previden.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I'm a biologist, and the central theorem of our subject: the theory of design,

Sem biolog in osrednji teorem našega predmeta: teorija razvoja,

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Darwinova teorija evolucije z naravno selekcijo.

In professional circles everywhere, it's of course universally accepted.

V strokovnih krogih širom sveta je seveda splošno priznana.

In non-professional circles outside America, it's largely ignored.

In v nestrokovnih krogih zunaj Amerike je večinoma prezrta.

But in non-professional circles within America,

Ampak v nestrokovnih krogih v Ameriki

it arouses so much hostility --

sproža toliko sovraštva--

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

it's fair to say that American biologists are in a state of war.

-- da se zdi prav reči, da so ameriški biologi v vojnem stanju.

The war is so worrying at present,

Ta vojna je tako zaskrbljujoča,

with court cases coming up in one state after another,

s sodnimi primeri, ki se pojavljajo v eni zvezni državi za drugo,

that I felt I had to say something about it.

da sem čutil, da moram o tem nekaj povedati.

If you want to know what I have to say about Darwinism itself,

Če vas zanima, kaj imam povedati o darvinizmu samem,

I'm afraid you're going to have to look at my books,

se bojim, da boste morali pogledati v moje knjige,

which you won't find in the bookstore outside.

ki pa jih ne boste našli v knjigarni zunaj.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Contemporary court cases

Sodobni sodni primeri

often concern an allegedly new version of creationism,

se pogosto ukvarjajo z domnevno novo verzijo kreacionizma,

called "Intelligent Design," or ID.

imenovano "inteligentni načrt" oziroma ID.

Don't be fooled. There's nothing new about ID.

Naj vas ne zavedejo. V ID ni nič novega.

It's just creationism under another name,

To je samo kreacionizem z novim imenom,

rechristened -- I choose the word advisedly --

prekrščen-- uporabljam to besedo premišljeno--

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

for tactical, political reasons.

--zaradi taktičnih, političnih razlogov.

The arguments of so-called ID theorists

Argumenti tako imenovanih ID teoretikov

are the same old arguments that had been refuted again and again,

so isti stari argumenti, ki so bili ovrženi znova in znova,

since Darwin down to the present day.

od Darwina pa do današnjega dne.

There is an effective evolution lobby

Tu je učinkovit evolucijski lobi,

coordinating the fight on behalf of science,

ki vodi bitko v imenu znanosti,

and I try to do all I can to help them,

in jaz jim poskušam pomagati, kolikor le lahko,

but they get quite upset when people like me dare to mention

ampak precej se vznemirijo, ko si ljudje, kot sem jaz, drznejo omeniti,

that we happen to be atheists as well as evolutionists.

da smo tudi ateisti, ne samo evolucionisti.

They see us as rocking the boat, and you can understand why.

Vidijo nas kot tiste, ki delajo zgago, in lahko razumete zakaj.

Creationists, lacking any coherent scientific argument for their case,

Kreacionisti, ki jim manjka kakršenkoli skladen znanstven argument,

fall back on the popular phobia against atheism:

se rešujejo s priljubljenim strahom pred ateizmom.

Teach your children evolution in biology class,

Učite otroke o evoluciji pri biologiji

and they'll soon move on to drugs, grand larceny and sexual "pre-version."

in kmalu bodo prešli na droge, krajo in seksualno sprevrženost.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In fact, of course, educated theologians from the Pope down

V resnici so izobraženi teologi od papeža navzdol

are firm in their support of evolution.

trdni v svoji podpori evoluciji.

This book, "Finding Darwin's God," by Kenneth Miller,

Ta knjiga, "Iskanje Darwinovega boga" Kennetha Millerja

is one of the most effective attacks on Intelligent Design that I know

je eden najučinkovitejših napadov na ID

kar jih poznam, in je še toliko bolj učinkovit,

and it's all the more effective because it's written by a devout Christian.

ker ga je napisal predan kristjan.

People like Kenneth Miller could be called a "godsend" to the evolution lobby,

Za take ljudi lahko rečemo, da so "poslani od boga" evolucijskemu lobiju--

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

because they expose the lie that evolutionism is, as a matter of fact,

--ker razkrijejo laž, da je evolucionizem pravzaprav

tantamount to atheism.

istoveten ateizmu.

People like me, on the other hand, rock the boat.

Ljudje kot sem jaz pa po drugi strani delamo zgago.

But here, I want to say something nice about creationists.

Ampak sedaj bi rad povedal nekaj lepega o kreacionistih.

It's not a thing I often do, so listen carefully.

To ni nekaj, kar počnem pogosto, tako da dobro prisluhnite.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I think they're right about one thing.

Mislim, da imajo prav v eni stvari.

I think they're right that evolution

Mislim, da imajo prav, da je evolucija

is fundamentally hostile to religion.

v svoji osnovi nevarna religiji.

I've already said that many individual evolutionists, like the Pope,

Nekateri posamezni evolucionisti, kot na primer papež,

are also religious, but I think they're deluding themselves.

so prav tako religiozni, a jaz menim, da si lažejo.

I believe a true understanding of Darwinism

Verjamem, da je resnično razumevanje darvinizma

is deeply corrosive to religious faith.

globoko uničujoče do religiozne vere.

Now, it may sound as though I'm about to preach atheism,

Zdaj morda zveni, kot da vam bom pridigal o ateizmu,

and I want to reassure you that that's not what I'm going to do.

in rad bi vam zagotovil, da tega ne bom naredil.

In an audience as sophisticated as this one,

Pred tako prefinjenim občinstvom

that would be preaching to the choir.

bi bilo, kot bi hotel prepričati že prepričane.

No, what I want to urge upon you --

Ne, k čemur bi vas rad pozval, je--

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Instead, what I want to urge upon you is militant atheism.

--namesto tega bi vas rad pozval k militantnemu ateizmu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplavz)

But that's putting it too negatively.

Ampak to ima preveč negativen ton.

If I was a person who were interested in preserving religious faith,

Če bi bil oseba, ki bi jo skrbelo ohranjanje religiozne vere,

I would be very afraid of the positive power of evolutionary science,

bi se zelo bal pozitivne moči evolucijske znanosti

and indeed science generally, but evolution in particular,

in znanosti na splošno, a evolucije še posebej,

to inspire and enthrall, precisely because it is atheistic.

da navdihne in očara, ravno zato, ker je ateistična.

Now, the difficult problem for any theory of biological design

Torej, velik problem katerekoli teorije biološkega načrta

is to explain the massive statistical improbability of living things.

je pojasniti velikansko statistično neverjetnost živih stvari.

Statistical improbability in the direction of good design --

Statistična neverjetnost v smeri dobrega načrta--

"complexity" is another word for this.

"kompleksnost" je še ena beseda za to.

The standard creationist argument --

Običajni argument kreacionistov-- samo eden je; vsi se zreducirajo nanj--

there is only one; they're all reduced to this one --

takes off from a statistical improbability.

izhaja iz statistične neverjetnosti.

Living creatures are too complex to have come about by chance;

Živa bitja so preveč kompleksna, da bi nastala po naključju;

therefore, they must have had a designer.

torej morajo imeti načrtovalca.

This argument of course, shoots itself in the foot.

Ta argument seveda negira samega sebe.

Any designer capable of designing something really complex

Vsak načrtovalec, sposoben načrtovati nekaj res kompleksnega,

has to be even more complex himself,

bi moral biti sam še bolj zapleten, in to še preden začnemo

and that's before we even start on the other things he's expected to do,

o drugih stvareh, ki naj bi jih bil sposoben,

like forgive sins, bless marriages, listen to prayers --

kot na primer odpuščanje grehov, blagoslov porok, poslušanje molitev--

favor our side in a war --

bil na naši strani v vojni--

(Laughter)

(Smeh)--

disapprove of our sex lives, and so on.

--grajal naše spolno življenje in tako dalje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Complexity is the problem that any theory of biology has to solve,

Kompleksnost je problem, ki ga mora rešiti vsaka biološka teorija,

in ne da se ga rešiti s predvidevanjem obstoja nečesa še bolj kompleksnega

and you can't solve it by postulating an agent that is even more complex,

thereby simply compounding the problem.

in s tem še povečati problema.

Darwinian natural selection is so stunningly elegant

Darwinova naravna selekcija je tako neverjetno elegantna,

ker reši težavo pojasnjevanja kompleksnosti

because it solves the problem of explaining complexity

in terms of nothing but simplicity.

z ničemer drugim kot preprostostjo.

Essentially, it does it by providing a smooth ramp

V bistvu to stori z gladkim prehodom

of gradual, step-by-step increment.

postopnega naraščanja, korak za korakom.

But here, I only want to make the point

Ampak tukaj bi rad samo poudaril,

that the elegance of Darwinism is corrosive to religion,

da je eleganca darvinizma uničujoča za religijo

precisely because it is so elegant, so parsimonious, so powerful,

ravno zato, ker je tako elegantna, tako varčna, tako učinkovita.

tako ekonomsko učinkovita.

so economically powerful.

It has the sinewy economy of a beautiful suspension bridge.

Ima to žilavo učinkovitost lepega visečega mostu.

The God theory is not just a bad theory.

Teorija o bogu ni samo slaba teorija.

It turns out to be -- in principle --

Izkaže se, da je v bistvu nezmožna storiti to, kar bi morala.

incapable of doing the job required of it.

So, returning to tactics and the evolution lobby,

Torej, da se vrnemo k taktikam in evolucijskemu lobiju,

I want to argue that rocking the boat

trdim, da je delanje zgage morda prava stvar.

may be just the right thing to do.

My approach to attacking creationism is --

Moj pristop napadanja kreacionizma je drugačen od evolucijskega lobija.

unlike the evolution lobby --

my approach to attacking creationism is to attack religion as a whole.

Moj pristop napadanja kreacionizma je napadanje religije kot celote

And at this point I need to acknowledge the remarkable taboo

in na tej točki moram spregovoriti o neverjetnem tabuju

against speaking ill of religion,

proti kritiziranju religije,

and I'm going to do so in the words of the late Douglas Adams,

in to bom storil z besedami pokojnega Douglasa Adamsa,

a dear friend who, if he never came to TED,

dragega prijatelja, ki bi, če ni nikdar prišel na TED,

certainly should have been invited.

vsekakor moral biti povabljen.

(Richard Saul Wurman: He was.)

(Richard Saul Wurman: Bil je.)

Richard Dawkins: He was. Good. I thought he must have been.

Richard Dawkins: Bil je. Dobro. Se mi je zdelo, da je moral biti.

He begins this speech, which was tape recorded in Cambridge

Začel je svoj govor, ki je bil posnet v Cambridgeu,

shortly before he died --

malo preden je umrl.

he begins by explaining how science works through the testing of hypotheses

Začel je s pojasnilom, kako znanost deluje s testiranjem hipotez,

that are framed to be vulnerable to disproof, and then he goes on.

ki so oblikovane tako, da se lahko ovržejo, in nadaljeval,

I quote, "Religion doesn't seem to work like that.

citiram: "Zdi se, da religija ne deluje tako.

It has certain ideas at the heart of it, which we call 'sacred' or 'holy.'

V njenem bistvu so določene ideje, ki jim pravimo "svete".

What it means is: here is an idea or a notion

Kaj to pomeni: tukaj je ideja ali pojem,

that you're not allowed to say anything bad about.

o katerem ne smete reči ničesar slabega.

You're just not. Why not? Because you're not."

Ne smete. Zakaj ne? Ker ne smete.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"Why should it be that it's perfectly legitimate

Zakaj je tako, da je povsem zakonito podpirati republikance ali demokrate,

to support the Republicans or Democrats,

this model of economics versus that,

ta ekonomski model proti drugemu, Macintosh namesto Windowsov,

Macintosh instead of Windows,

but to have an opinion about how the universe began,

ampak imeti mnenje o začetku vesolja

about who created the universe --

in o tem, kdo ga je ustvaril --ne, to je sveto.

no, that's holy.

So, we're used to not challenging religious ideas,

Torej, navajeni smo, da se ne sprašujemo o religioznih idejah

and it's very interesting how much of a furor Richard creates

in zelo zanimivo je, kakšno ogorčenje povzroči Richard,

when he does it." --

ko to stori." Mislil je mene, ne njega.

He meant me, not that one.

"Everybody gets absolutely frantic about it,

"Vsi so popolnoma iz sebe,

because you're not allowed to say these things.

ker o tem ne smeš govoriti, a če pogledate na to racionalno,

Yet when you look at it rationally,

there's no reason why those ideas

ni nobenega razloga, zakaj te ideje ne bi smele biti odprte za razpravo

shouldn't be as open to debate as any other,

kot vse ostale, razen da smo se nekako dogovorili,

except that we've agreed somehow between us

that they shouldn't be."

da naj ne bi bile." In to je konec Douglasovega citata.

And that's the end of the quote from Douglas.

In my view, not only is science corrosive to religion;

Po mojem mnenju, ne samo da je znanost uničujoča za religijo;

religion is corrosive to science.

religija je uničujoča za znanost.

It teaches people to be satisfied with trivial,

Ljudi uči zadovoljstva s trivialnimi, nadnaravnimi ne-razlagami

supernatural non-explanations,

and blinds them to the wonderful, real explanations

in jih slepi pred čudovitimi pravimi razlagami, ki so na dosegu.

that we have within our grasp.

It teaches them to accept authority, revelation and faith,

Uči jih sprejemati avtoriteto, razodetje in vero,

instead of always insisting on evidence.

namesto da bi vztrajali pri dokazih.

There's Douglas Adams, magnificent picture from his book, "Last Chance to See."

Tu je D. Adams, veličastna slika iz njegove knjige "Last Chance to See".

Now, there's a typical scientific journal,

Tukaj je značilna znanstvena revija, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

The Quarterly Review of Biology.

And I'm going to put together, as guest editor,

Kot gostujoči urednik bom sestavil

a special issue on the question, "Did an asteroid kill the dinosaurs?"

posebno izdajo o vprašanju "Je asteroid ubil dinozavre?"

And the first paper is a standard scientific paper,

in prva revija je standardna znanstvena revija,

presenting evidence,

ki predstavlja dokaze, "Plast iridija na K-T meji,

"Iridium layer at the K-T boundary,

and potassium argon dated crater in Yucatan,

kalij-argon datiran krater v Yukatanu,

indicate that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

nakazujeta, da je asteroid ubil dinozavre."

Perfectly ordinary scientific paper.

Popolnoma obočajen znanstveni časopis.

Now, the next one.

Naslednji, "Predsedniku Kraljevega združenja

"The President of the Royal Society

has been vouchsafed a strong inner conviction

je bilo razodeto močno notranje prepričanje"--(Smeh)--

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

"...da je asteroid ubil dinozavre."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"It has been privately revealed to Professor Huxtane

"Profesorju Huxtanu je bilo zasebno razodeto,

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

da je asteroid ubil dinozavre."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"Professor Hordley was brought up

Profesorja Hordleya so vzgajali

to have total and unquestioning faith" --

v popolni in nedvomljivi veri-

(Laughter) --

(Smeh)--

"that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

"...da je asteroid ubil dinozavre."

"Professor Hawkins has promulgated an official dogma

"Profesor Hawkins je razširil uradno dogmo,

binding on all loyal Hawkinsians

ki zavezuje vse zveste hawkinsiance,

that an asteroid killed the dinosaurs."

da je asteroid ubil dinozavre."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

That's inconceivable, of course.

To je seveda nepredstavljivo.

But suppose --

Ampak recimo--

[Supporters of the Asteroid Theory cannot be patriotic citizens]

(Aplavz)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

In 1987, a reporter asked George Bush, Sr.

--leta 1987 je novinar vprašal Georga Busha starejšega,

whether he recognized the equal citizenship and patriotism

ali priznava enakost državljanstva in patriotizma

of Americans who are atheists.

Američanom, ki so ateisti.

Mr. Bush's reply has become infamous.

Odgovor g. Busha je postal zloglasen.

"No, I don't know that atheists should be considered citizens,

"Ne, mislim, da ateistov ne bi smeli priznavati kot državljane

nor should they be considered patriots.

niti kot patriote.

This is one nation under God."

To je en narod pred bogom."

Bush's bigotry was not an isolated mistake,

Bushev fanatizem ni bila osamljena napaka,

blurted out in the heat of the moment and later retracted.

izrečena v afektu in kasneje vzeta nazaj.

He stood by it in the face of repeated calls for clarification or withdrawal.

Stal je za njo kljub več pozivom o pojasnitvi ali umaknitvi.

He really meant it.

Res je to mislil.

More to the point, he knew it posed no threat to his election --

Še pomembneje, vedel je, da ne ogroža njegove izvolitve, prav nasprotno.

quite the contrary.

Democrats as well as Republicans parade their religiousness

Tako demokrati kot republikanci razkazujejo svojo religioznost,

if they want to get elected.

če hočejo biti izvoljeni. Obe stranki se sklicujeta na "en narod pred bogom".

Both parties invoke "one nation under God."

What would Thomas Jefferson have said?

Kaj bi rekel Thomas Jefferson?

[In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty]

Mimogrede, ponavadi nisem preveč ponosen, da sem Britanec,

Incidentally, I'm not usually very proud of being British,

but you can't help making the comparison.

ampak ne gre brez primerjave.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)

In practice, what is an atheist?

Kdo je v praksi ateist?

An atheist is just somebody who feels about Yahweh

Ateist je preprosto nekdo, ki čuti do Jahveja to,

the way any decent Christian feels about Thor or Baal or the golden calf.

kar čuti vsak spodoben kristjan do Thora ali Baala ali zlatega teleta.

As has been said before, we are all atheists about most of the gods

Kot je bilo rečeno prej, vsi smo ateisti glede večine bogov,

that humanity has ever believed in.

v katere je človeštvo kdajkoli verjelo. Nekateri gremo pač za enega boga dlje.

Some of us just go one god further.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplavz)

And however we define atheism, it's surely the kind of academic belief

In kakorkoli definiramo ateizem, je to akademsko prepričanje,

that a person is entitled to hold without being vilified

ki ga nekdo lahko ima, ne da bi ga obrekovali

as an unpatriotic, unelectable non-citizen.

kot nepatriotskega nedržavljana, neprimernega za izvolitev.

Nevertheless, it's an undeniable fact that to own up to being an atheist

Pa vendar ne moremo zanikati, da če priznate, da ste ateist,

is tantamount to introducing yourself as Mr. Hitler or Miss Beelzebub.

je to enako, kot če bi se predstavili kot g. Hitler ali ga. Belcebub.

And that all stems from the perception of atheists

In to vse izvira iz dojemanja ateistov

as some kind of weird, way-out minority.

kot nekakšne čudne, odbite manjšine.

Natalie Angier wrote a rather sad piece in the New Yorker,

Natalie Angier je napisala precej žalosten članek v New Yorkerju,

saying how lonely she felt as an atheist.

o osamljenosti, ki jo čuti kot ateist.

She clearly feels in a beleaguered minority.

Očitno se počuti kot del oblegane manjšine,

But actually, how do American atheists stack up numerically?

ampak pravzaprav, koliko je ameriških ateistov?

The latest survey makes surprisingly encouraging reading.

Najnovejša raziskava je presenetljivo vzpodbudno branje.

Christianity, of course, takes a massive lion's share of the population,

Krščanstvo, seveda, zavzema levji delež

populacije, skoraj 160 milijonov.

with nearly 160 million.

But what would you think was the second largest group,

Ampak katera bi rekli, da je druga največja skupina,

convincingly outnumbering Jews with 2.8 million, Muslims at 1.1 million,

ki prekaša Žide z 2.8 milijona, muslimane z 1.1 milijona

Hindus, Buddhists and all other religions put together?

in hindujce, budiste in vse ostale religije skupaj?

The second largest group, with nearly 30 million,

Druga največja skupina, skoraj 30 milijonov,

is the one described as non-religious or secular.

je opisana kot nereligiozna oziroma sekularna.

You can't help wondering why vote-seeking politicians

Sprašujem se, zakaj so politiki, ko nabirajo glasove,

are so proverbially overawed by the power of, for example, the Jewish lobby --

tako prevzeti zaradi moči, recimo, židovskega lobija.

the state of Israel seems to owe its very existence to the American Jewish vote --

Za Izrael se zdi, da dolguje svoj obstoj

glasovom ameriških Židov, medtem ko

while at the same time,

consigning the non-religious to political oblivion.

nereligiozni padejo v politično pozabo.

This secular non-religious vote, if properly mobilized,

Teh sekularnih nereligioznih glasov, če so prav aktivirani,

is nine times as numerous as the Jewish vote.

je devetkrat več kot glasov Židov.

Why does this far more substantial minority

Zakaj se ta veliko številčnejša manjšina

not make a move to exercise its political muscle?

ne premakne in ne razgiba svojih političnih mišic?

Well, so much for quantity. How about quality?

No, toliko o količini. Kaj pa kakovost?

Is there any correlation, positive or negative,

Obstaja korelacija, pozitivna ali negativna,

between intelligence and tendency to be religious?

med inteligenco in nagnjenostjo k veri?

[Them folks misunderestimated me]

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

The survey that I quoted, which is the ARIS survey,

Študija, ki sem jo citiral, ARIS študija,

didn't break down its data by socio-economic class or education,

ni delila podatkov glede na socio-ekonomski razred ali izobrazbo,

IQ or anything else.

IQ ali karkoli drugega.

But a recent article by Paul G. Bell in the Mensa magazine

Ampak nedavni članek Paula G. Bella v reviji Mensa

provides some straws in the wind.

nam da nekaj otipljivih sledi.

Mensa, as you know, is an international organization

Mensa je mednarodna organizacija

for people with very high IQ.

za ljudi z izredno visokim IQ.

And from a meta-analysis of the literature,

In iz metaanalize literature

Bell concludes that, I quote -- "Of 43 studies carried out since 1927

Bell zaključi da, citiram: "Od 43 študij, izvedenih od leta 1927,

on the relationship between religious belief,

o povezanosti med verskimi prepričanji in inteligenco ali stopnjo izobrazbe,

and one's intelligence or educational level,

all but four found an inverse connection.

so vse razen štirih odkrile obratno povezavo.

That is, the higher one's intelligence or educational level,

Višja ko je inteligenca ali raven izobrazbe,

the less one is likely to be religious."

manj verjetno je, da bo ta oseba verna."

Well, I haven't seen the original 42 studies,

No, nisem videl originalnih 42 študij in ne morem komentirati metaanalize,

and I can't comment on that meta-analysis,

but I would like to see more studies done along those lines.

ampak rad bi videl več študij v tem stilu.

And I know that there are -- if I could put a little plug here --

In vem, da so, če lahko dodam,

ljudje v tem občinstvu,

there are people in this audience

easily capable of financing a massive research survey to settle the question,

ki bi zlahka financirali obsežno raziskavo, ki bi odgovorila na vprašanje,

and I put the suggestion up, for what it's worth.

in to je moj predlog, če kaj šteje.

But let me know show you some data

Ampak naj vam pokažem nekaj podatkov,

that have been properly published and analyzed,

ki so bili objavljeni in so analizirali

on one special group -- namely, top scientists.

posebno skupino - vrhunske znanstvenike.

In 1998, Larson and Witham polled the cream of American scientists,

Leta 1998 sta Larson in Witham

anketirala smetano ameriških znanstvenikov,

those who'd been honored by election to the National Academy of Sciences,

tiste, ki so bili izvoljeni v Narodno akademijo znanosti,

and among this select group,

in med to izbrano skupino

belief in a personal God dropped to a shattering seven percent.

se je vera v osebnega boga spustila na presunljivih sedem odstotkov.

About 20 percent are agnostic; the rest could fairly be called atheists.

Približno 20 odstotkov je agnostikov, ostalim bi lahko rekli ateisti.

Similar figures obtained for belief in personal immortality.

Podobne številke so dobili za vero v osebno nesmrtnost.

Among biological scientists, the figure is even lower:

Med biologi so številke še nižje:

5.5 percent, only, believe in God.

samo 5.5 odstotka jih verjame v boga. Fiziki: 7.5 odstotka.

Physical scientists, it's 7.5 percent.

I've not seen corresponding figures for elite scholars

Nisem videl številk za elitne znanstvenike

in other fields, such as history or philosophy,

na področjih, kot sta zgodovina ali filozofija,

but I'd be surprised if they were different.

a presenetilo bi me, če bi bile drugačne.

So, we've reached a truly remarkable situation,

Prišli smo do res izjemne situacije,

a grotesque mismatch between the American intelligentsia

grotesknega neskladja med ameriškimi izobraženci

and the American electorate.

in ameriškimi volivci.

A philosophical opinion about the nature of the universe,

Filozofsko mnenje o naravi vesolja,

which is held by the vast majority of top American scientists

ki ga ima večina vrhunskih ameriških znanstvenikov

and probably the majority of the intelligentsia generally,

in najbrž večina izobražencev na splošno,

is so abhorrent to the American electorate

je tako gnusna ameriškim volivcem,

that no candidate for popular election dare affirm it in public.

da si je noben kandidat za volitve ne upa potrditi v javnosti.

If I'm right, this means that high office

Če imam prav, to pomeni, da je vodilni položaj

in the greatest country in the world

v največji državi na svetu

is barred to the very people best qualified to hold it --

zaprt za tiste, ki so najbolj primerni za to - izobraženci-

the intelligentsia --

unless they are prepared to lie about their beliefs.

razen če so pripravljeni lagati o svojih prepričanjih.

To put it bluntly: American political opportunities

Odkrito rečeno, politične možnosti v Ameriki

are heavily loaded against those

so zelo nastrojene proti tistim,

who are simultaneously intelligent and honest.

ki so hkrati inteligentni in pošteni.

(Laughter)

(Aplavz)

(Applause)

I'm not a citizen of this country, so I hope it won't be thought unbecoming

Nisem ameriški državljan, zato upam da ni neprimerno,

if I suggest that something needs to be done.

če predlagam, da je nekaj treba storiti.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And I've already hinted what that something is.

In namignil sem že, kaj.

From what I've seen of TED, I think this may be the ideal place to launch it.

Mislim, da je to idealen kraj za začetek, glede na to, kaj sem videl na TEDu.

Again, I fear it will cost money.

Še enkrat, bojim se, da bo potreben denar.

We need a consciousness-raising,

Potrebujemo ozaveščujočo

coming-out campaign for American atheists.

kampanjo razkritja za ameriške ateiste.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This could be similar to the campaign organized by homosexuals

Lahko bi bilo podobno kampanji homoseksualcev

a few years ago,

pred nekaj leti,

although heaven forbid that we should stoop to public outing

čeprav bog ne daj, da bi se zatekli k javnemu razkrivanju

of people against their will.

ljudi proti njihovi volji.

In most cases, people who out themselves

V večini primerov bodo ljudje, ki se bodo razkrili,

will help to destroy the myth that there is something wrong with atheists.

pomagali uničiti mit, da je z ateisti nekaj narobe.

On the contrary,

Ravno nasprotno,

they'll demonstrate that atheists are often the kinds of people

dokazali bodo, da so ateisti pogosto ljudje,

who could serve as decent role models for your children,

ki so lahko vzorniki vašim otrokom,

the kinds of people an advertising agent could use to recommend a product,

ljudje, ki bi jih lahko uporabili za oglaševanje izdelka,

the kinds of people who are sitting in this room.

ljudje, kot sedijo tu, v tej sobi.

There should be a snowball effect, a positive feedback,

Pojaviti bi se moral efekt snežne krogle, pozitiven odziv,

such that the more names we have, the more we get.

tako da več imen bi imeli, več imen bi dobili.

There could be non-linearities, threshold effects.

Bilo bi nelinearno, efekt praga.

When a critical mass has been obtained,

Ko je kritična masa dosežena,

there's an abrupt acceleration in recruitment.

pride do nenadnega pospeška v novačenju.

And again, it will need money.

Še enkrat, potreben bo denar.

I suspect that the word "atheist" itself

Sumim, da beseda "ateist"

contains or remains a stumbling block

vsebuje ali pa je sama po sebi kamen spotike,

far out of proportion to what it actually means,

veliko pretiran, glede na to kaj pomeni, in kamen spotike za ljudi,

and a stumbling block to people

who otherwise might be happy to out themselves.

ki bi se drugače z veseljem razkrili.

So, what other words might be used to smooth the path,

Torej, katere druge besede bi uporabili, da zgladimo pot,

oil the wheels, sugar the pill?

naoljili kolesa, posladkali zdravilo? Darwin sam je imel raje izraz "agnostik"--

Darwin himself preferred "agnostic" --

and not only out of loyalty to his friend Huxley,

in ne samo zaradi zvestobe do prijatelja Huxleya, ki je skoval ta izraz.

who coined the term.

Darwin said, "I have never been an atheist

Darwin je dejal: "Nikoli nisem bil ateist

in the same sense of denying the existence of a God.

v smislu zanikanja obstoja boga.

I think that generally an 'agnostic'

Mislim, da bi bil "agnostik", na splošno,

would be the most correct description of my state of mind."

najboljši opis mojega stanja duha."

He even became uncharacteristically tetchy with Edward Aveling.

Postal je celo neznačilno razdražljiv do Edwarda Avelinga.

Aveling was a militant atheist

Aveling je bil militantni ateist,

who failed to persuade Darwin

ki ni prepričal Darwina,

to accept the dedication of his book on atheism --

da bi sprejel posvetilo v njegovi knjigi o ateizmu--

incidentally, giving rise to a fascinating myth

kar je dalo krila fascinantnemu mitu,

that Karl Marx tried to dedicate "Das Kapital" to Darwin,

da je Karl Marx hotel posvetiti "Das Kapital" Darwinu,

which he didn't, it was actually Edward Aveling.

kar ni. V resnici je bil to Edward Aveling.

What happened was that Aveling's mistress was Marx's daughter,

Kar se je zgodilo, je, da je bila Avelingova ljubica Marxova hči,

and when both Darwin and Marx were dead,

in ko sta bila Darwin in Marx oba mrtva,

Marx's papers became muddled up with Aveling's papers,

so se Marxovi papirji pomešali z Avelingovimi

and a letter from Darwin saying, "My dear sir, thank you very much

in Darwinovo pismo z besedami: "Moj dragi gospod, najlepša hvala

but I don't want you to dedicate your book to me,"

ampak nočem, da mi posvetite knjigo,"

was mistakenly supposed to be addressed to Marx,

naj bi bilo zmotno namenjeno Marxu

and that gave rise to this whole myth, which you've probably heard.

in je začelo ta mit, ki ste ga najbrž že slišali.

It's a sort of urban myth, that Marx tried to dedicate "Kapital" to Darwin.

Je neke vrste urbani mit,

da je Marx poskušal posvetiti "Kapital" Darwinu.

Anyway, it was Aveling, and when they met, Darwin challenged Aveling.

No, to je bil Aveling in ko ga je srečal, je Darwin izzval Avelinga:

"Why do you call yourselves atheists?"

"Zakaj si pravite ateisti?"

"'Agnostic, '" retorted Aveling, "was simply 'atheist' writ respectable,

"Agnostik", je odvrnil Aveling, "je samo spoštljiv izraz za 'ateista'

and 'atheist' was simply 'agnostic' writ aggressive."

in 'ateist' je preprosto agresiven izraz za 'agnostika'."

Darwin complained, "But why should you be so aggressive?"

Darwin se je pritoževal: "Ampak zakaj bi morali biti agresivni?"

Darwin thought that atheism might be well and good for the intelligentsia,

Darwin je menil, da je ateizem že v redu za izobražence,

but that ordinary people were not, quote, "ripe for it."

ampak navadni ljudje niso bili, citiram, "zreli za to."

Which is, of course, our old friend, the "don't rock the boat" argument.

Kar je seveda dobro znan argument "ne delaj zgage".

It's not recorded whether Aveling told Darwin to come down off his high horse.

Ni zabeleženo, ali mu je Aveling rekel, naj ne bo tako vzvišen.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But in any case, that was more than 100 years ago.

Ampak kakorkoli, to je bilo pred več kot sto leti.

You'd think we might have grown up since then.

Mislil bi si, da smo od takrat že odrasli.

Now, a friend, an intelligent lapsed Jew,

Moj prijatelj, inteligenten in neprakticirajoč Žid,

who, incidentally, observes the Sabbath for reasons of cultural solidarity,

ki po naključju praznuje Sabbath

zaradi kulturne solidarnosti,

describes himself as a "tooth-fairy agnostic."

se opisuje kot "agnostičen glede zobne vile".

Ne bo si rekel ateist,

He won't call himself an atheist

because it's, in principle, impossible to prove a negative,

ker je načeloma nemogoče dokazati neobstoj,

but "agnostic" on its own might suggest that God's existence

ampak izraz agnostičen lahko nakazuje, da je obstoj boga

was therefore on equal terms of likelihood as his non-existence.

na enaki ravni kot možnost njegovega neobstoja.

Moj prijatelj je striktno agnostičen glede zobne vile,

So, my friend is strictly agnostic about the tooth fairy,

but it isn't very likely, is it?

ampak preveč verjetna pa ni? Kot bog.

Like God.

Zato torej fraza "agnostičen glede zobne vile."

Hence the phrase, "tooth-fairy agnostic."

Bertrand Russell made the same point

Bertrand Russell je dokazal isto

using a hypothetical teapot in orbit about Mars.

z uporabo hipotetičnega čajnika v orbiti okrog Marsa.

You would strictly have to be agnostic

Moral bi biti strogo agnostičen

about whether there is a teapot in orbit about Mars,

glede obstoja čajnika v orbiti okrog Marsa,

but that doesn't mean you treat the likelihood of its existence

ampak to ne pomeni, da obravnavaš verjetnost njegovega obstoja

as on all fours with its non-existence.

kot enako njegovemu neobstoju.

The list of things which we strictly have to be agnostic about

Sezman stvari, glede katerih naj bi bili striktno agnostični,

doesn't stop at tooth fairies and teapots; it's infinite.

se ne ustavi pri zobnih vilah in čajnikih. Neskončen je.

If you want to believe one particular one of them --

Če hočeš verjeti v eno izmed njih--

unicorns or tooth fairies or teapots or Yahweh --

v samoroge ali zobne vile ali čajnike ali Jahveja--

the onus is on you to say why.

moraš znati povedati, zakaj.

The onus is not on the rest of us to say why not.

Ni odgovornost ostalih, da rečemo, zakaj ne.

We, who are atheists,

Ateisti smo tudi a-vilinisti in a-čajnikarji.

are also a-fairyists and a-teapotists.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But we don't bother to say so.

Ampak tega ne poudarjamo

And this is why my friend uses "tooth-fairy agnostic"

in zato moj prijatelj uporablja "agnostičen glede zobne vile"

as a label for what most people would call atheist.

kot oznako za nekaj, čemur bi večina rekla ateist.

Nonetheless, if we want to attract deep-down atheists to come out publicly,

A vseeno, če hočemo pritegniti globoko skrite ateiste, da se javno razkrijejo,

we're going to have find something better to stick on our banner

bomo morali najti nekaj boljšega

za naš slogan kot "agnostičen glede zobne vile ali čajnika."

than "tooth-fairy" or "teapot agnostic."

So, how about "humanist"?

Kaj pa"humanist"?

This has the advantage of a worldwide network of well-organized associations

Ima prednost svetovne mreže dobro organiziranih združenj

and journals and things already in place.

in revij in obstoječih zadev.

My problem with it is only its apparent anthropocentrism.

Moj edini problem je samo njegov očitni antropocentrizem.

One of the things we've learned from Darwin

Ena izmed stvari, ki nas jih je naučil Darwin,

is that the human species is only one

je, da je človeška vrsta samo ena

among millions of cousins, some close, some distant.

izmed milijonov bratrancev, nekateri so si bolj blizu, drugi manj.

And there are other possibilities, like "naturalist,"

So še druge možnosti, kot na primer "naturalist",

but that also has problems of confusion,

ampak tudi tu lahko pride do zmede,

because Darwin would have thought naturalist --

ker bi Darwin mislil, da je naturalist--

"Naturalist" means, of course, as opposed to "supernaturalist" --

"naturalist" je seveda mišljen kot nasprotje "supernaturalista"--

and it is used sometimes --

in se včasih uporablja--

Darwin would have been confused by the other sense of "naturalist,"

Darwina bi zmedel drug pomen besede "naturalist",

which he was, of course,

kar je bil, seveda, in najbrž bi bili tudi drugi,

and I suppose there might be others who would confuse it with "nudism".

ki bi ga zamenjali z nudizmom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Such people might be those belonging to the British lynch mob,

Taki ljudje so najbrž pripadali britanskim huliganom,

which last year attacked a pediatrician in mistake for a pedophile.

ki so lani napadli pediatra, ki so ga zamešali s pedofilom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I think the best of the available alternatives for "atheist"

Mislim, da je najboljša izmed alternativ za "ateist" preprosto "ne-teist".

is simply "non-theist."

It lacks the strong connotation that there's definitely no God,

Manjka mu močna konotacija, da definitivno ni boga

and it could therefore easily be embraced by teapot or tooth-fairy agnostics.

in bi jo zato zlahka sprejeli "agnostiki glede čajnika ali zobne vile".

It's completely compatible with the God of the physicists.

Popolnoma je združljiva z bogom fizikov.

Ko ateisti

When atheists like Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein use the word "God,"

kot Stephen Hawking in Albert Einstein uporabljajo besedo "bog",

they use it of course as a metaphorical shorthand

jo seveda uporabljajo kot metaforično okrajšavo

for that deep, mysterious part of physics which we don't yet understand.

za tisti globoki, skrivnostni del fizike, ki ga še ne razumemo.

"Ne-teist" bo zato dovolj, ampak za razliko od "ateist"

"Non-theist" will do for all that, yet unlike "atheist,"

it doesn't have the same phobic, hysterical responses.

ne povzroči istega fobičega, histeričnega odziva.

But I think, actually, the alternative

Ampak jaz mislim, pravzaprav, da je alternativa

is to grasp the nettle of the word "atheism" itself,

ujeti bistvo besede "ateizem" same

precisely because it is a taboo word,

ravno zato, ker je tabu beseda,

carrying frissons of hysterical phobia.

ki nosi s seboj vznemirjenje histerične fobije.

Critical mass may be harder to achieve with the word "atheist"

Kritično maso bi morda težje dosegli z uporabo besede "ateist"

than with the word "non-theist,"

kot z besedo "ne-teist"

or some other non-confrontational word.

ali katero drugo nekonfliktno besedo.

But if we did achieve it with that dread word "atheist" itself,

Ampak če bi jo dosegli s strah vzbujajočo besedo "ateist"--

the political impact would be even greater.

bi bil politični učinek še večji.

Now, I said that if I were religious, I'd be very afraid of evolution --

Rekel sem, da če bi bil veren, bi se zelo bal evolucije. Še dlje bom šel.

I'd go further: I would fear science in general, if properly understood.

Bal bi se znanosti na splošno, če jo prav razumemo.

And this is because the scientific worldview

In to zato, ker je znanstveni pogled na svet

is so much more exciting, more poetic,

toliko bolj vznemirljiv, toliko bolj poetičen,

more filled with sheer wonder

bolj poln čudes kot karkoli

than anything in the poverty-stricken arsenals of the religious imagination.

v obubožanem naboru verske domišljije.

As Carl Sagan, another recently dead hero, put it,

Kot je dejal Carl Sagan, še en pred kratkim preminuli heroj:

"How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science

"Zakaj ni skoraj nobena večja religija pogledala znanosti

and concluded, 'This is better than we thought!

in zaključila: 'To je bolje, kot smo si mislili!

The universe is much bigger than our prophet said,

Vesolje je veliko večje, kot je dejal naš prerok,

grander, more subtle, more elegant'?

bolj veličastno, bolj elegantno?' Namesto tega rečejo, 'Ne, ne, ne!

Instead they say, 'No, no, no!

My god is a little god, and I want him to stay that way.'

Moj bog je majhen bog in hočem, da tak tudi ostane.'

A religion, old or new,

Religija, stara ali nova,

that stressed the magnificence of the universe

ki bi poudarjala mogočnost vesolja,

as revealed by modern science,

kot jo razkriva moderna znanost,

might be able to draw forth reserves of reverence and awe

bi morda lahko na plan ponesla zaloge spoštovanja in občudovanja,

hardly tapped by the conventional faiths."

ki se jih tradicionalne vere komajda dotaknejo."

Now, this is an elite audience,

To je elitno občinstvo,

and I would therefore expect about 10 percent of you to be religious.

zato bi torej pričakoval, da je približno 10 odstotkov vernih.

Many of you probably subscribe to our polite cultural belief

Mnogi ste najbrž del našega vljudnega spoštovanja religije,

that we should respect religion.

But I also suspect that a fair number of those

ampak prav tako sumim, da vas med temi kar veliko

secretly despise religion as much as I do.

skrivoma prezira religijo tako kot jaz.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

If you're one of them, and of course many of you may not be,

Če ste eden izmed njih, in seveda mnogi izmed vas mogoče niste,

but if you are one of them,

ampak če ste eden izmed njih, vas prosim, da nehate biti vljudni,

I'm asking you to stop being polite,

come out, and say so.

to priznate in poveste, in če ste slučajno bogati,

And if you happen to be rich,

premislite, kako bi lahko naredili razliko.

give some thought to ways in which you might make a difference.

The religious lobby in this country

Religiozni lobi v tej državi

is massively financed by foundations -- to say nothing of all the tax benefits --

je izdatno financiran prek fundacij-- da ne omenjamo davčnih olajšav--

by foundations, such as the Templeton Foundation and the Discovery Institute.

prek fundacij, kot sta na primer Fundacija Templeton in Discovery inštitut.

We need an anti-Templeton to step forward.

Potrebujemo anti-Templetona, da stopi naprej.

If my books sold as well as Stephen Hawking's books,

Če bi se moje knjige prodajale tako dobro kot knjige Stephena Hawkinga,

instead of only as well as Richard Dawkins' books, I'd do it myself.

namesto samo tako dobro kot Richarda Dawkinsa, bi to storil sam.

Ljudje kar naprej sprašujejo: "Kako te je 11. september spremenil?"

People are always going on about, "How did September the 11th change you?"

Well, here's how it changed me.

No, mene je spremenil takole.

Let's all stop being so damned respectful.

Nehajmo biti tako prekleto spoštljivi.

Thank you very much.

Najlepša hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)