A kinder, gentler philosophy of success | Alain de Botton

1,984,137 views ใƒป 2009-07-28

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Clair Han ๊ฒ€ํ† : Soohyun Pae
00:12
For me they normally happen, these career crises,
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต
00:15
often, actually, on a Sunday evening,
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์ผ์š”์ผ ์ €๋…์— ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
just as the sun is starting to set,
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ ์งˆ ๋ฌด๋ ต์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
00:19
and the gap between my hopes for myself and the reality of my life
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ
์‚ถ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:24
starts to diverge so painfully
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00:26
that I normally end up weeping into a pillow.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ „ ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ์— ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ํ›Œ์ฉ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
00:29
I'm mentioning all this --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
00:30
I'm mentioning all this because I think this is not merely a personal problem;
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
you may think I'm wrong in this,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:35
but I think we live in an age when our lives are regularly punctuated
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์™€ ์ฃผ์ถคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
by career crises, by moments when what we thought we knew --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ
00:42
about our lives, about our careers --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
00:44
comes into contact with a threatening sort of reality.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
00:48
It's perhaps easier now than ever before to make a good living.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œคํƒํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
It's perhaps harder than ever before
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋ก  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
00:54
to stay calm, to be free of career anxiety.
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์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์—†์ด ํ‰์ •์‹ฌ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
00:57
I want to look now, if I may, at some of the reasons
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:00
why we might be feeling anxiety about our careers.
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์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:04
Why we might be victims of these career crises,
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์„œ
01:06
as we're weeping softly into our pillows.
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๋ฒ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ ์…”์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
One of the reasons why we might be suffering
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:13
is that we are surrounded by snobs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์†๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
In a way, I've got some bad news,
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์ด์ œ ์ข€ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
01:18
particularly to anybody who's come to Oxford from abroad.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
There's a real problem with snobbery,
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์†๋ฌผ๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
because sometimes people from outside the U.K.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:24
imagine that snobbery is a distinctively U.K. phenomenon,
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์†๋ฌผ๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์˜๊ตญ๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์  ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
01:27
fixated on country houses and titles.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ๋ณ„์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง์œ„์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
The bad news is that's not true.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Snobbery is a global phenomenon; we are a global organization,
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์†๋ฌผ๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
this is a global phenomenon.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
What is a snob?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ์†๋ฌผ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:37
A snob is anybody who takes a small part of you,
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์†๋ฌผ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
01:41
and uses that to come to a complete vision of who you are.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋จ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
That is snobbery.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†๋ฌผ๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
01:46
The dominant kind of snobbery that exists nowadays is job snobbery.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†๋ฌผ๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†๋ฌผ์  ํƒœ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
You encounter it within minutes at a party, when you get asked
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ํ›„๋ฉด ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์—๊ฒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ,
01:53
that famous iconic question of the early 21st century,
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"๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:56
"What do you do?"
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01:58
According to how you answer that question,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:00
people are either incredibly delighted to see you,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ฑธ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:02
or look at their watch and make their excuses.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:05
Now, the opposite of a snob is your mother.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์†๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:10
Not necessarily your mother, or indeed mine,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
02:13
but, as it were, the ideal mother,
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์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:14
somebody who doesn't care about your achievements.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์‹์ด ์„ฑ์ทจํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:17
Unfortunately, most people are not our mothers.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
02:19
Most people make a strict correlation between how much time,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์„
02:22
and if you like, love --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์• ์ •๊ณผ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง€์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
not romantic love, though that may be something --
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๊ผญ ์—ฐ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์• ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
02:26
but love in general, respect -- they are willing to accord us,
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๋„“์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์• ์ •๊ณผ ์กด์ค‘์„
์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง“๊ณ ,
02:29
that will be strictly defined by our position in the social hierarchy.
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์ด๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ„์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ฃ .
02:33
And that's a lot of the reason why we care so much about our careers
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
and indeed start caring so much about material goods.
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๋˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์Ÿ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:40
You know, we're often told that we live in very materialistic times,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:43
that we're all greedy people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒ์š•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
I don't think we are particularly materialistic.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
I think we live in a society which has simply pegged certain emotional rewards
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š”
๋‹จ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋ณด์ƒ์„
02:51
to the acquisition of material goods.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ทจ๋“๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
It's not the material goods we want; it's the rewards we want.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐ›๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
It's a new way of looking at luxury goods.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์น˜ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
The next time you see somebody driving a Ferrari, don't think,
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ํŽ˜๋ผ๋ฆฌ(์Šคํฌ์ธ ์นด)๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋“ 
"์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฐธ ํƒ์š•์ ์ด๋กœ๊ตฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
03:02
"This is somebody who's greedy."
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03:03
Think, "This is somebody who is incredibly vulnerable and in need of love."
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"์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์• ์ •์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ -- (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:07
(Laughter)
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03:11
Feel sympathy, rather than contempt.
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๊ฒฝ๋ฉธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์ •ํ•˜์‹œ๋ž€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
There are other reasons --
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:16
There are other reasons why it's perhaps harder now to feel calm than ever before.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ . ์š”์ฆˆ์Œ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰์ •์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
03:20
One of these, and it's paradoxical,
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๋น„๊ต์  ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:21
because it's linked to something that's rather nice,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
is the hope we all have for our careers.
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03:26
Never before have expectations been so high
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
about what human beings can achieve with their lifespan.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—…์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:31
We're told, from many sources, that anyone can achieve anything.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธธ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
We've done away with the caste system,
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์นด์ŠคํŠธ์ œ๋Š” ํ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:36
we are now in a system where anyone can rise to any position they please.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€
์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
And it's a beautiful idea.
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์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
03:42
Along with that is a kind of spirit of equality;
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด ๊นƒ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜์ฃ .
03:44
we're all basically equal.
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03:46
There are no strictly defined hierarchies.
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์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๋œ
๊ณ„์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
There is one really big problem with this,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •๋ง ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
and that problem is envy.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด์ฃ .
03:54
Envy, it's a real taboo to mention envy,
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์‹œ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ, ์งˆํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
but if there's one dominant emotion in modern society, that is envy.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์งˆํˆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
And it's linked to the spirit of equality.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ผ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
04:03
Let me explain.
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04:04
I think it would be very unusual for anyone here, or anyone watching,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘์—
04:07
to be envious of the Queen of England.
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์˜๊ตญ ์—ฌ์™•์„ ์‹œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Even though she is much richer than any of you are,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ถ€์ž์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:12
and she's got a very large house,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ง‘๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:15
the reason why we don't envy her is because she's too weird.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์™•์„ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
(Laughter)
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04:19
She's simply too strange.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ์„œ
04:21
We can't relate to her, she speaks in a funny way,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋งํˆฌ๋„ ํฌํ•œํ•˜๊ณ 
04:23
she comes from an odd place.
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์ถœ์‹ ์ง€๋„ ํŠน์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
So we can't relate to her,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:26
and when you can't relate to somebody, you don't envy them.
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04:29
The closer two people are -- in age, in background,
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‚˜์ด, ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
04:32
in the process of identification -- the more there's a danger of envy,
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ธฐํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
which is incidentally why none of you should ever go to a school reunion,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ฐฝํšŒ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋น„๊ตํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์žฃ๋Œ€๋กœ
04:39
because there is no stronger reference point than people one was at school with.
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๋™์ฐฝ์ƒ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:43
The problem of modern society is it turns the whole world into a school.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Everybody's wearing jeans, everybody's the same.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And yet, they're not.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋˜ ๊ผญ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:50
So there's a spirit of equality combined with deep inequality,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊นŠ์€ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
which can make for a very stressful situation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์‹ฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:55
It's probably as unlikely that you would nowadays
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
04:58
become as rich and famous as Bill Gates,
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๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๋งŒํผ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:00
as it was unlikely in the 17th century
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17์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
05:02
that you would accede to the ranks of the French aristocracy.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ท€์กฑ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
But the point is, it doesn't feel that way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
It's made to feel, by magazines and other media outlets,
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์žก์ง€๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:10
that if you've got energy, a few bright ideas about technology, a garage --
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์—ด์ •๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:14
you, too, could start a major thing.
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05:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:18
The consequences of this problem make themselves felt in bookshops.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„œ์ ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
When you go to a large bookshop and look at the self-help sections,
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๋Œ€ํ˜• ์„œ์ ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฐœ์„œ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:24
as I sometimes do --
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
05:25
if you analyze self-help books produced in the world today,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฐœ์„œ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
there are basically two kinds.
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05:30
The first kind tells you, "You can do it! You can make it! Anything's possible!"
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”! ๋ญ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
05:34
The other kind tells you how to cope with what we politely call "low self-esteem,"
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๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด "๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž์กด๊ฐ", ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
05:38
or impolitely call, "feeling very bad about yourself."
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'์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€'์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์ฃ .
05:41
There's a real correlation
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
between a society that tells people that they can do anything,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€
05:47
and the existence of low self-esteem.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž์กด๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:49
So that's another way in which something quite positive can have a nasty kickback.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด
๊ณ ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
There is another reason why we might be feeling more anxious --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”
05:56
about our careers, about our status in the world today, than ever before.
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์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
And it's, again, linked to something nice.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
And that nice thing is called meritocracy.
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๊ทธ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Everybody, all politicians on Left and Right,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋„ ์ขŒํŒŒ ์šฐํŒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด
06:07
agree that meritocracy is a great thing,
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์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž…์„ ๋ชจ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
and we should all be trying to make our societies really, really meritocratic.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
06:13
In other words -- what is a meritocratic society?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ž€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?
06:17
A meritocratic society is one in which, if you've got talent and energy and skill,
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์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
์žฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ด์ •๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
06:21
you will get to the top, nothing should hold you back.
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์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
It's a beautiful idea.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”,
06:24
The problem is, if you really believe in a society
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์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€
06:28
where those who merit to get to the top, get to the top,
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์œ„๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅผ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:31
you'll also, by implication, and in a far more nasty way,
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์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ•จ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
believe in a society where those who deserve to get to the bottom
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:37
also get to the bottom and stay there.
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๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
In other words, your position in life comes to seem not accidental,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์‚ถ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:43
but merited and deserved.
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์ดˆํ•œ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
And that makes failure seem much more crushing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹คํŒจ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์€ ๋” ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
You know, in the Middle Ages, in England,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ค‘์„ธ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:50
when you met a very poor person,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด
06:52
that person would be described as an "unfortunate" --
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"๋ถˆ์šดํ•œ" ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
literally, somebody who had not been blessed by fortune, an unfortunate.
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๊ธ€์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰์šด์˜ ์ถ•๋ณต์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:59
Nowadays, particularly in the United States,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:01
if you meet someone at the bottom of society,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ตœํ•˜์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด
07:03
they may unkindly be described as a "loser."
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์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชฐ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ "์‹คํŒจ์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
There's a real difference between an unfortunate and a loser,
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๋ถˆ์šดํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‹คํŒจ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:09
and that shows 400 years of evolution in society
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 400๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
07:12
and our belief in who is responsible for our lives.
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์‚ถ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
It's no longer the gods, it's us. We're in the driving seat.
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์ด์ œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‹ ์˜ ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šด์ „์„์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:18
That's exhilarating if you're doing well,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:20
and very crushing if you're not.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํฌ์ฃ .
07:22
It leads, in the worst cases --
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€, ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ž ์—๋ฐ€ ๋’ค๋ฅด์ผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
07:23
in the analysis of a sociologist like Emil Durkheim --
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์ž์‚ด์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
it leads to increased rates of suicide.
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07:28
There are more suicides in developed, individualistic countries
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:32
than in any other part of the world.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์  ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์ž์‚ด์œจ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
And some of the reason for that
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„
07:35
is that people take what happens to them extremely personally --
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
they own their success, but they also own their failure.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํŒจ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Is there any relief from some of these pressures
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์••๋ฐ•์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
07:44
that I've been outlining?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:45
I think there is.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
07:47
I just want to turn to a few of them.
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07:48
Let's take meritocracy.
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์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
07:50
This idea that everybody deserves to get where they get to,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ,
07:53
I think it's a crazy idea, completely crazy.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
I will support any politician of Left and Right,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“  ์ขŒํŒŒ ์šฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:58
with any halfway-decent meritocratic idea;
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
I am a meritocrat in that sense.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„  ์ €๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
But I think it's insane to believe
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ
08:03
that we will ever make a society that is genuinely meritocratic;
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์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ์นœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์ด์ฃ .
08:07
it's an impossible dream.
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08:08
The idea that we will make a society where literally everybody is graded,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋งค๊ฒจ์„œ
08:12
the good at the top, bad at the bottom,
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์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ƒ์ธต์—, ๋‚˜์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ•˜์ธต์— ๋†“๊ณ 
08:14
exactly done as it should be, is impossible.
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๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
There are simply too many random factors:
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์šฐ์—ฐ์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:18
accidents, accidents of birth,
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๋Œ๋ฐœ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์ถœ์ƒ,
08:20
accidents of things dropping on people's heads, illnesses, etc.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋“ฑ
08:23
We will never get to grade them,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋งค๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
never get to grade people as they should.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:27
I'm drawn to a lovely quote by St. Augustine in "The City of God,"
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์„ฑ ์•„์šฐ๊ตฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค์˜ '์‹ ๊ตญ๋ก '์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
where he says, "It's a sin to judge any man by his post."
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"์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทธ ์ง€์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃ„์•…์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:34
In modern English that would mean
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:36
it's a sin to come to any view of who you should talk to,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“ 
๊ทธ ๋ช…ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ฃ„์•…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
08:39
dependent on their business card.
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08:40
It's not the post that should count.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
According to St. Augustine, only God can really put everybody in their place;
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์„ฑ ์•„์šฐ๊ตฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
์˜ค์ง ํ•˜๋Š๋‹˜๋งŒ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ทธ ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
he's going to do that on the Day of Judgment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌํŒ์˜ ๋‚  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
with angels and trumpets, and the skies will open.
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์ฒœ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‚˜ํŒ” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:50
Insane idea, if you're a secularist person, like me.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ์†์ฃผ์˜์ž์—๊ฒ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์–˜๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
08:53
But something very valuable in that idea, nevertheless.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
In other words, hold your horses when you're coming to judge people.
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08:59
You don't necessarily know what someone's true value is.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:02
That is an unknown part of them,
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์•„์ง ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:04
and we shouldn't behave as though it is known.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์•„๋Š” ์–‘ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
There is another source of solace and comfort for all this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„์•ˆ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
When we think about failing in life, when we think about failure,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‚˜ ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
09:13
one of the reasons why we fear failing
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์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
09:15
is not just a loss of income, a loss of status.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์†Œ๋“์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
What we fear is the judgment and ridicule of others.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ๊ฑด ๋‚จ๋“ค์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„์›ƒ์Œ์ด์ฃ . ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
And it exists.
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09:21
The number one organ of ridicule, nowadays, is the newspaper.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฐฉ์‹คํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€
์š”์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
If you open the newspaper any day of the week,
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์ค‘ ์–ธ์ œ๋ผ๋„ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํŽผ์ณ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:27
it's full of people who've messed up their lives.
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์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ง์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜์ฃ .
09:29
They've slept with the wrong person, taken the wrong substance,
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ž ์„ ์žค๋‹ค, ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ํก์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค,
09:32
passed the wrong piece of legislation --
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
09:34
whatever it is, and then are fit for ridicule.
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๋น„์›ƒ์Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
In other words, they have failed. And they are described as "losers."
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋“ค์„ '์‹คํŒจ์ž'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Now, is there any alternative to this?
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:42
I think the Western tradition shows us one glorious alternative, which is tragedy.
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์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋น„๊ทน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
Tragic art, as it developed in the theaters of ancient Greece,
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๋น„๊ทน์  ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๊ทน์žฅ์—์„œ
09:49
in the fifth century B.C., was essentially an art form
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 5์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ,
09:52
devoted to tracing how people fail,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
and also according them a level of sympathy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:59
which ordinary life would not necessarily accord them.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์ •๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
A few years ago, I was thinking about this,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:04
and I went to "The Sunday Sport,"
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'์ผ์š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ '๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
a tabloid newspaper I don't recommend you start reading
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ํƒ€๋ธ”๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
if you're not familiar with it already.
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์• ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์‹œ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:11
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์–˜๊ธธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:12
And I went to talk to them
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10:13
about certain of the great tragedies of Western art.
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์„œ๊ตฌ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ทน๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
10:16
I wanted to see how they would seize the bare bones of certain stories,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‰ด์Šค ์•„์ดํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์žก์•„๋‚ด์„œ
10:19
if they came in as a news item at the news desk on a Saturday afternoon.
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ํ† ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฐ์Šคํฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
I mentioned Othello; they'd not heard of it but were fascinated.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋ธ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด์คฌ์ฃ . ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
10:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:27
I asked them to write a headline for the story.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋ธ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:30
They came up with "Love-Crazed Immigrant Kills Senator's Daughter."
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'์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ, ์ƒ์›์˜์›์˜ ๋”ธ์„ ์‚ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค'
10:33
Splashed across the headline.
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๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
I gave them the plotline of Madame Bovary.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋ณด๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ธ ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
Again, a book they were enchanted to discover.
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์ด ์ฑ…๋„ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:39
And they wrote "Shopaholic Adulteress Swallows Arsenic After Credit Fraud."
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"์‡ผํ•‘ ์ค‘๋…์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํƒ•๋…€, ์‹ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ํ›„ ๋น„์†Œ ์‚ผ์ผœ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:45
And then my favorite --
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์–˜๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
they really do have a kind of genius of their own, these guys --
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„  ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ฒœ์žฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
10:49
my favorite is Sophocles' Oedipus the King:
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์ œ์ผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด ์†Œํฌํด๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ '์˜ค์ด๋””ํ‘ธ์Šค ์™•'์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:51
"Sex With Mum Was Blinding."
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"์—„๋งˆ์™€์˜ ์„น์Šค๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ™ฉํ™€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"
10:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:59
In a way, if you like, at one end of the spectrum of sympathy,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋์—๋Š”
11:02
you've got the tabloid newspaper.
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ํƒ€๋ธ”๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:03
At the other end of the spectrum, you've got tragedy and tragic art.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ทน์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
And I suppose I'm arguing that we should learn a little bit
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ์€
11:09
about what's happening in tragic art.
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๋น„๊ทน์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
It would be insane to call Hamlet a loser.
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ํ–„๋ฆฟ์„ ์‹คํŒจ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
11:14
He is not a loser, though he has lost.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํŒจ์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
And I think that is the message of tragedy to us,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋น„๊ทน์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€์ด์ž
11:19
and why it's so very, very important, I think.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
The other thing about modern society and why it causes this anxiety,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด์ž,
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์€
11:26
is that we have nothing at its center that is non-human.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
We are the first society to be living in a world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
11:31
where we don't worship anything other than ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹  ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
We think very highly of ourselves, and so we should;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋งŒํ•˜์ฃ .
11:36
we've put people on the Moon, done all sorts of extraordinary things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
And so we tend to worship ourselves. Our heroes are human heroes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์›…์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์˜์›…์ด์ฃ .
11:43
That's a very new situation.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
Most other societies have had, right at their center,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—
11:47
the worship of something transcendent: a god, a spirit, a natural force,
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์ดˆ์›”์  ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
์‹ , ์˜ํ˜ผ, ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํž˜, ์šฐ์ฃผ
11:50
the universe, whatever it is -- something else that is being worshiped.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
We've slightly lost the habit of doing that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
which is, I think, why we're particularly drawn to nature.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ๋˜๊ณค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:59
Not for the sake of our health, though it's often presented that way,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž์—ฐ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
but because it's an escape from the human anthill.
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12:05
It's an escape from our own competition,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
12:07
and our own dramas.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:09
And that's why we enjoy looking at glaciers and oceans,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
12:11
and contemplating the Earth from outside its perimeters, etc.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
We like to feel in contact with something that is non-human,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ปด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:19
and that is so deeply important to us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
What I think I've been talking about really is success and failure.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์‹คํŒจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
And one of the interesting things about success
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์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
12:28
is that we think we know what it means.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
If I said that there's somebody behind the screen who's very successful,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ € ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋’ค์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€
์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฆ‰๊ฐ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
certain ideas would immediately come to mind.
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12:36
You'd think that person might have made a lot of money,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
์–ด๋–ค ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:39
achieved renown in some field.
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12:41
My own theory of success --
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์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ €๋งŒ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ . ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š”
12:42
I'm somebody who's very interested in success,
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์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์•„์ฃผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
I really want to be successful,
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12:46
always thinking, how can I be more successful?
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€?"ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
12:48
But as I get older, I'm also very nuanced about what that word "success" might mean.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์ 
'์„ฑ๊ณต' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
Here's an insight that I've had about success:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
You can't be successful at everything.
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12:57
We hear a lot of talk about work-life balance.
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์ผ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:59
Nonsense.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋ผ์ฃ . ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆœ ์—†์–ด์š”. ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
You can't have it all. You can't.
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13:02
So any vision of success has to admit what it's losing out on,
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์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋น„์ „์ด๋“ 
๋Œ€์‹  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์น˜๋ค„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
where the element of loss is.
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๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:08
And I think any wise life will accept,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
13:10
as I say, that there is going to be an element where we're not succeeding.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
And the thing about a successful life is that a lot of the time,
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
13:17
our ideas of what it would mean to live successfully are not our own.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
They're sucked in from other people;
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:23
chiefly, if you're a man, your father, and if you're a woman, your mother.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ
์—ฌ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
Psychoanalysis has been drumming home this message for about 80 years.
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์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” 80๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
13:30
No one's quite listening hard enough, but I very much believe it's true.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
And we also suck in messages from everything from the television,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „, ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:37
to advertising, to marketing, etc.
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
13:38
These are hugely powerful forces
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณ
13:41
that define what we want and how we view ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
When we're told that banking is a very respectable profession,
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์€ํ–‰์›์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ง์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
13:48
a lot of us want to go into banking.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์€ํ–‰๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
13:50
When banking is no longer so respectable, we lose interest in banking.
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์€ํ–‰์›์ด ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์žƒ์ฃ .
13:53
We are highly open to suggestion.
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์•„์ฃผ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
So what I want to argue for is not that we should give up
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
13:59
on our ideas of success,
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์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:01
but we should make sure that they are our own.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:03
We should focus in on our ideas,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
and make sure that we own them;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ™•๊ณ ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:07
that we are truly the authors of our own ambitions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•ผ๋ง์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Because it's bad enough not getting what you want,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋งŒ
๊ทธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฑด ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„
14:13
but it's even worse to have an idea of what it is you want,
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ •์˜ ๋์—์„œ
14:16
and find out, at the end of the journey,
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14:18
that it isn't, in fact, what you wanted all along.
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
So, I'm going to end it there.
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์ œ ๋ง์”€์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
14:23
But what I really want to stress is: by all means, success, yes.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด
๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
But let's accept the strangeness of some of our ideas.
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๋‹จ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ž๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:30
Let's probe away at our notions of success.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ 
14:33
Let's make sure our ideas of success are truly our own.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ • ๊ฐ์ž ์ž์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:37
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:54
Chris Anderson: That was fascinating.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ง์”€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
But how do you reconcile this idea
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:02
of it being bad to think of someone as a "loser,"
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹คํŒจ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“ 
15:04
with the idea that a lot of people like, of seizing control of your life,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กคํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ 
15:09
and that a society that encourages that,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
15:12
perhaps has to have some winners and losers?
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‹คํŒจ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
15:15
Alain De Botton: Yes, I think it's merely the randomness
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์•Œ๋žญ ๋“œ ๋ณดํ†ต: ๋„ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด
15:17
of the winning and losing process that I want to stress,
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์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์‹คํŒจ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
because the emphasis nowadays is so much on the justice of everything,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
15:24
and politicians always talk about justice.
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์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
15:26
Now I'm a firm believer in justice, I just think that it's impossible.
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์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹คํ˜„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:29
So we should do everything we can to pursue it,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด
์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:33
but we should always remember that whoever is facing us,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋“ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—
15:36
whatever has happened in their lives,
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15:38
there will be a strong element of the haphazard.
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์šฐ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
That's what I'm trying to leave room for;
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์šฐ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
otherwise, it can get quite claustrophobic.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ์‡„์ ์ด ๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:45
CA: I mean, do you believe that you can combine
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ป˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ์—”
15:47
your kind of kinder, gentler philosophy of work
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ
์„ฑ๊ณต์  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:50
with a successful economy?
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15:53
Or do you think that you can't,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
15:54
but it doesn't matter that much that we're putting too much emphasis on that?
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๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
์•Œ๋žญ ๋“œ ๋ณดํ†ต: ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
15:58
AB: The nightmare thought
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16:00
is that frightening people is the best way to get work out of them,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
and that somehow the crueler the environment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์งธ์„ ์ง€, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž”์ธํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
16:07
the more people will rise to the challenge.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ „ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:09
You want to think, who would you like as your ideal dad?
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์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
16:12
And your ideal dad is somebody who is tough but gentle.
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์—„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์• ๋กœ์šด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ƒ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
And it's a very hard line to make.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
16:18
We need fathers, as it were, the exemplary father figures in society,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ท€๊ฐ์ด ๋  ๋งŒํ•œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
16:22
avoiding the two extremes,
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์–‘ ๊ทน๋‹จ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
which is the authoritarian disciplinarian on the one hand,
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทœ์œจ๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ 
16:28
and on the other, the lax, no-rules option.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Š์Šจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ „ํ˜€์—†๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
16:32
CA: Alain De Botton.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์•Œ๋žญ ๋“œ ๋ณดํ†ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
AB: Thank you very much.
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์•Œ๋žญ ๋“œ ๋ณดํ†ต: ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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