A simple way to break a bad habit | Judson Brewer | TED

13,041,585 views ใƒป 2016-02-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:12
When I was first learning to meditate,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”
00:14
the instruction was to simply pay attention to my breath,
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ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™
00:17
and when my mind wandered, to bring it back.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชืคื–ืจื•, ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืงื•ื.
00:20
Sounded simple enough.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืžื“ื™.
00:22
Yet I'd sit on these silent retreats,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื”,
00:25
sweating through T-shirts in the middle of winter.
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ืžื–ื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
00:29
I'd take naps every chance I got because it was really hard work.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื ืžื ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”.
00:32
Actually, it was exhausting.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ืฉ.
00:35
The instruction was simple enough
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ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
00:37
but I was missing something really important.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
00:40
So why is it so hard to pay attention?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘?
00:43
Well, studies show
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื
00:44
that even when we're really trying to pay attention to something --
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืฉื”ื• --
00:47
like maybe this talk --
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ืืช --
00:49
at some point,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
00:50
about half of us will drift off into a daydream,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžืืชื ื• ื™ื—ืœืžื• ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
00:52
or have this urge to check our Twitter feed.
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ืื• ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:56
So what's going on here?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ?
00:59
It turns out that we're fighting one of the most evolutionarily-conserved
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”
01:02
learning processes currently known in science,
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ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ืข,
01:05
one that's conserved
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ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืื“ื.
01:06
back to the most basic nervous systems known to man.
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01:09
This reward-based learning process
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื”, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื’ืžื•ืœ,
01:11
is called positive and negative reinforcement,
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ื ืงืจื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืฉืœื™ืœื™,
01:13
and basically goes like this.
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื›ื”.
01:16
We see some food that looks good,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืจืื” ื˜ืขื™ื,
01:17
our brain says, "Calories! ... Survival!"
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช! ... ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช!"
01:20
We eat the food, we taste it --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• -- ื–ื” ื˜ืขื™ื.
01:22
it tastes good.
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01:23
And especially with sugar,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื•ื›ืจ,
01:24
our bodies send a signal to our brain that says,
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื•ืœื— ืžืกืจ ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืื•ืžืจ,
01:27
"Remember what you're eating and where you found it."
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"ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื™ืคื” ืžืฆืืช ืื•ืชื•".
01:31
We lay down this context-dependent memory
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:34
and learn to repeat the process next time.
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ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”.
01:36
See food,
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ, ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘,
01:37
eat food, feel good,
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01:39
repeat.
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ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื”.
01:40
Trigger, behavior, reward.
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ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจ, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื’ืžื•ืœ.
01:43
Simple, right?
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ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:45
Well, after a while, our creative brains say,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืžืจ,
01:48
"You know what?
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"ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”?
01:49
You can use this for more than just remembering where food is.
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"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืื™ืคื” ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆื.
01:52
You know, next time you feel bad,
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"ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืข,
01:55
why don't you try eating something good so you'll feel better?"
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"ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื ืกื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ืขื™ื, ื•ื›ื›ื” ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ?"
01:59
We thank our brains for the great idea,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ื™ืจ,
02:01
try this and quickly learn
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ืžื ืกื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืจ
02:03
that if we eat chocolate or ice cream when we're mad or sad,
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ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืื• ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืขืกื™ื ืื• ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื,
02:06
we feel better.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:08
Same process,
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ืื•ืชื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
02:10
just a different trigger.
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ืจืง ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:11
Instead of this hunger signal coming from our stomach,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืจืขื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
02:14
this emotional signal -- feeling sad --
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ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” -- ื”ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช --
02:16
triggers that urge to eat.
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ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
02:19
Maybe in our teenage years,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:21
we were a nerd at school,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
02:23
and we see those rebel kids outside smoking and we think,
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ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื“ื ื™ื™ื ืžืขืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
02:26
"Hey, I want to be cool."
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•: "ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืœ."
02:27
So we start smoking.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉืŸ.
02:29
The Marlboro Man wasn't a dork, and that was no accident.
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ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืจืœื‘ื•ืจื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื”.
02:33
See cool,
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ืชืจืื” ืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืœ,
02:34
smoke to be cool,
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ืชืขืฉืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืš,
02:36
feel good. Repeat.
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ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ืช.
02:37
Trigger, behavior, reward.
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ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจ, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื’ืžื•ืœ.
02:40
And each time we do this,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
02:41
we learn to repeat the process
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
02:43
and it becomes a habit.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœ
02:45
So later,
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ืื– ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:47
feeling stressed out triggers that urge to smoke a cigarette
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ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื— ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืฉืŸ ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื”,
02:50
or to eat something sweet.
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ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชื•ืง.
02:53
Now, with these same brain processes,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื•ืชื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:56
we've gone from learning to survive
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืฉืจื•ื“
02:58
to literally killing ourselves with these habits.
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ืœืžืžืฉ ื”ืจื’ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื.
03:00
Obesity and smoking
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ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ื•ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ
03:02
are among the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality in the world.
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื•ืชืžื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขื”.
03:07
So back to my breath.
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ืื– ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
03:09
What if instead of fighting our brains,
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ืžื” ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•,
03:12
or trying to force ourselves to pay attention,
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ืื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘,
03:14
we instead tapped into this natural, reward-based learning process ...
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื’ืžื•ืœ,
03:18
but added a twist?
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜?
03:20
What if instead we just got really curious
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ืžื” ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื
03:22
about what was happening in our momentary experience?
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข?
03:25
I'll give you an example.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
03:26
In my lab,
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
03:27
we studied whether mindfulness training could help people quit smoking.
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ืื ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืฉืŸ.
03:31
Now, just like trying to force myself to pay attention to my breath,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
03:34
they could try to force themselves to quit smoking.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืฉืŸ.
03:38
And the majority of them had tried this before and failed --
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื ื™ืกื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื• --
03:41
on average, six times.
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ืฉืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
03:43
Now, with mindfulness training,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช,
03:45
we dropped the bit about forcing and instead focused on being curious.
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ื”ื•ืจื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
03:49
In fact, we even told them to smoke.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจื ื• ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉืŸ.
03:52
What? Yeah, we said, "Go ahead and smoke,
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ืžื”? ื›ืŸ, ืืžืจื ื• "ืœื›ื• ืชืขืฉื ื•,
03:54
just be really curious about what it's like when you do."
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"ืจืง ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื".
03:58
And what did they notice?
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ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•?
04:00
Well here's an example from one of our smokers.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืื—ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:02
She said, "Mindful smoking:
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืงืฉื•ื‘:
04:04
smells like stinky cheese
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"ืžืจื™ื— ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืกืจื™ื—ื”
04:06
and tastes like chemicals,
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"ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื,
04:07
YUCK!"
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"ืื™ื›ืก!"
04:09
Now, she knew, cognitively that smoking was bad for her,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื”,
04:13
that's why she joined our program.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:15
What she discovered just by being curiously aware when she smoked
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืฉื ื”,
04:20
was that smoking tastes like shit.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:26
Now, she moved from knowledge to wisdom.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื—ื•ื›ืžื”.
04:30
She moved from knowing in her head that smoking was bad for her
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ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื”
04:33
to knowing it in her bones,
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ืœืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
04:36
and the spell of smoking was broken.
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ื•ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื ืฉื‘ืจ.
04:38
She started to become disenchanted with her behavior.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคื›ื— ืžื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
04:42
Now, the prefrontal cortex,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืก ื”ืคืจื”-ืคืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™,
04:45
that youngest part of our brain from an evolutionary perspective,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื ื•, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
04:48
it understands on an intellectual level that we shouldn't smoke.
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉืŸ.
04:52
And it tries its hardest to help us change our behavior,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
04:56
to help us stop smoking,
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืฉืŸ,
04:57
to help us stop eating that second, that third, that fourth cookie.
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
05:02
We call this cognitive control.
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
05:04
We're using cognition to control our behavior.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:07
Unfortunately,
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ,
05:09
this is also the first part of our brain
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
05:11
that goes offline when we get stressed out,
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ืฉืžืชื ืชืง ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืฆื™ื,
05:13
which isn't that helpful.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื•.
05:14
Now, we can all relate to this in our own experience.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:16
We're much more likely to do things like yell at our spouse or kids
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
05:20
when we're stressed out or tired,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืื• ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื,
05:21
even though we know it's not going to be helpful.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ.
05:24
We just can't help ourselves.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
05:27
When the prefrontal cortex goes offline,
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ื›ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืก ื”ืคืจื”-ืคืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™ ืžืชื ืชืง,
05:29
we fall back into our old habits,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
05:31
which is why this disenchantment is so important.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
05:34
Seeing what we get from our habits
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ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
05:36
helps us understand them at a deeper level --
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ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจืžื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ --
05:38
to know it in our bones
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ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
05:39
so we don't have to force ourselves to hold back
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื”ืชืืคืง
05:41
or restrain ourselves from behavior.
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ืื• ืœืจืกืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:43
We're just less interested in doing it in the first place.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
05:46
And this is what mindfulness is all about:
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
05:49
Seeing really clearly what we get when we get caught up in our behaviors,
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ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
05:53
becoming disenchanted on a visceral level
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ื”ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืœื™ื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื,
05:57
and from this disenchanted stance, naturally letting go.
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ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
06:00
This isn't to say that, poof, magically we quit smoking.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืื•ืจื— ืงืกื ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืฉืŸ.
06:04
But over time, as we learn to see more and more clearly
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
06:07
the results of our actions,
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ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
06:08
we let go of old habits and form new ones.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
06:12
The paradox here
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ื”ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื
06:13
is that mindfulness is just about being really interested
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ืฉืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช
06:16
in getting close and personal
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ื•ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช
06:17
with what's actually happening in our bodies and minds
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื•
06:20
from moment to moment.
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ืžืจื’ืข ืœืจื’ืข.
06:22
This willingness to turn toward our experience
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ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
06:24
rather than trying to make unpleasant cravings go away as quickly as possible.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
06:28
And this willingness to turn toward our experience
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ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
06:31
is supported by curiosity,
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
06:33
which is naturally rewarding.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืžืœืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
06:35
What does curiosity feel like?
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ืื™ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื”?
06:36
It feels good.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
06:39
And what happens when we get curious?
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ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื?
06:41
We start to notice that cravings are simply made up of body sensations --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ --
06:44
oh, there's tightness, there's tension,
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ืื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ, ื™ืฉ ืžืชื—,
06:47
there's restlessness --
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืงื˜ --
06:48
and that these body sensations come and go.
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ื•ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช.
06:51
These are bite-size pieces of experiences
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ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
06:54
that we can manage from moment to moment
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืจื’ืข ืœืจื’ืข
06:56
rather than getting clobbered by this huge, scary craving
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืขื ืง ื•ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื”ื–ื”
07:01
that we choke on.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ื ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•.
07:02
In other words, when we get curious,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื,
07:05
we step out of our old, fear-based, reactive habit patterns,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืคื—ื“ ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”,
07:09
and we step into being.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
07:12
We become this inner scientist
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ืขืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื”
07:14
where we're eagerly awaiting that next data point.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฆืจ ืจื•ื— ืœืคื™ืกืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ืื”.
07:18
Now, this might sound too simplistic to affect behavior.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช.
07:22
But in one study, we found that mindfulness training
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื”
07:25
was twice as good as gold standard therapy at helping people quit smoking.
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ื™ืขื™ืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืชืจืคื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
07:29
So it actually works.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื‘ื“.
07:31
And when we studied the brains of experienced meditators,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืงืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”
07:34
we found that parts of a neural network of self-referential processing
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช
07:38
called the default mode network
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ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืจืฉืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ
07:40
were at play.
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ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ื›ืืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“.
07:41
Now, one current hypothesis is that a region of this network,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ืืช,
07:44
called the posterior cingulate cortex,
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ื”ื ืงืจื ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช,
07:46
is activated not necessarily by craving itself
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ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืขืฆืžื•
07:49
but when we get caught up in it, when we get sucked in,
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ืืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื‘ื›ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”,
07:51
and it takes us for a ride.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืชื•.
07:53
In contrast, when we let go --
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื --
07:55
step out of the process
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
07:57
just by being curiously aware of what's happening --
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ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” --
07:59
this same brain region quiets down.
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ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžื•ื— ื ืจื’ืข.
08:03
Now we're testing app and online-based mindfulness training programs
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื”
08:07
that target these core mechanisms
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ืฉืžืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื
08:10
and, ironically, use the same technology that's driving us to distraction
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื—ืช ื“ืขืช
08:15
to help us step out of our unhealthy habit patterns
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
08:17
of smoking, of stress eating and other addictive behaviors.
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ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ืื›ื™ืœื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื›ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
08:21
Now, remember that bit about context-dependent memory?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ?
08:24
We can deliver these tools to peoples' fingertips
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:27
in the contexts that matter most.
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:29
So we can help them
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื
08:30
tap into their inherent capacity to be curiously aware
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข
08:33
right when that urge to smoke or stress eat or whatever arises.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืœืขืฉืŸ ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืœื”.
08:38
So if you don't smoke or stress eat,
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืขืฉื ื™ื, ืื• ืื›ืœื ื™ื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื
08:40
maybe the next time you feel this urge to check your email when you're bored,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืฉื•ืขืžืžื™ื,
08:44
or you're trying to distract yourself from work,
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ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกื—ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
08:46
or maybe to compulsively respond to that text message when you're driving,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ืขืช SMS ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื,
08:51
see if you can tap into this natural capacity,
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ืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
08:54
just be curiously aware
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ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข
08:56
of what's happening in your body and mind in that moment.
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ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข.
08:59
It will just be another chance
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ื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช
09:00
to perpetuate one of our endless and exhaustive habit loops ...
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ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืื—ืช ืžืœื•ืœืื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืชื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ...
09:04
or step out of it.
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ืื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื”.
09:06
Instead of see text message, compulsively text back,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขืช SMS ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™,
09:09
feel a little bit better --
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ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ --
09:10
notice the urge,
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื“ื—ืฃ,
09:12
get curious,
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ืชื”ื™ื• ืกืงืจื ื™ื™ื,
09:13
feel the joy of letting go
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ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืœืฉื—ืจืจ
09:15
and repeat.
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ื•ืชื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
09:17
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
09:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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