How can we control the coronavirus pandemic? | Adam Kucharski

274,469 views ・ 2020-03-16

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Translator: Paula Perez-Gomez Reviewer: Jordina Nogués Graell
00:12
[How can we control the coronavirus pandemic?]
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[Com podem controlar la pandèmia coronavirus?]
00:14
[From infectious disease expert Adam Kucharski]
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[Expert en malalties infeccioses, Adam Kucharski]
00:17
[Question 1: What does containment mean when it comes to outbreaks?]
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[Qüestió 1: Què significa la contenció pel que fa als brots?]
00:21
Containment is this idea that you can focus your effort on control
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És la idea que es poden focalitzar els esforços en controlar
00:24
very much on the cases and their contacts.
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principalment els casos i contactes respectius,
00:27
So you're not causing disruption to the wider population,
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de manera que no pertorbes el conjunt de la població.
00:29
you have a case that comes in, you isolate them,
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Si apareix un cas nou, l'aïlles,
00:32
you work out who they've come into contact with,
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investigues amb qui ha mantingut contacte,
00:34
who's potentially these opportunities for exposure
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ja que és possible que altres hagin estat exposats.
00:38
and then you can follow up those people,
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Després, els fas un seguiment.
00:40
maybe quarantine them, to make sure that no further transmission happens.
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Posar-los en quarentena per assegurar que no es produeixin més contagis.
00:43
So it's a very focused, targeted method,
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És un mètode molt focalitzat i específic,
00:46
and for SARS, it worked remarkably well.
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i en el cas del SARS va funcionar molt i molt bé.
00:49
But I think for this infection,
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Però per combatre aquesta infecció,
00:51
because some cases are going to be missed, or undetected,
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com que molts casos ens passaran per alt o no seran detectats,
00:54
you've really got to be capturing a large chunk of people at risk.
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és fonamental retenir una gran part de la població en risc.
00:58
If a few slip through the net,
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Si se te'n colen alguns,
00:59
potentially, you're going to get an outbreak.
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el més probable és que hi hagi un brot.
01:01
[Question 2: If containment isn't enough, what comes next?]
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[Qüestió 2: Si la contenció és insuficient quin seria el següent pas?]
01:05
In that respect,
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En aquest cas,
01:06
it would be about massive changes in our social interactions.
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caldrien grans canvis en les nostres interaccions socials.
01:10
And so that would require,
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Això requereix que,
01:12
of the opportunities that could spread the virus
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respecte a les possibilitats de contagi del virus
01:14
so these kind of close contacts,
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en els contactes pròxims,
01:16
everybody in the population, on average,
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tots els grups de població,
01:18
will be needing to reduce those interactions
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hauran de reduir aquestes interaccions, de mitjana,
01:21
potentially by two-thirds to bring it under control.
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fins a dos terços per tal de tenir-ho sota control.
01:24
That might be through working from home,
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Es pot aconseguir treballant des de casa,
01:27
from changing lifestyle
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canviant l'estil de vida
01:28
and kind of where you go in crowded places and dinners.
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i els llocs on vagis, llocs amb molta gent o sopars.
01:32
And of course, these measures, things like school closures,
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I, és clar, mesures com el tancament de les escoles
01:35
and other things that just attempt to reduce
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i altres amb l'objectiu de reduir
01:37
the social mixing of a population.
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les trobades socials dels ciutadans.
01:39
[Question 3: What are the risks that we need people to think about?]
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[Qüestió 3: En quins riscos cal que pensi la gent?]
01:43
It's not just whose hand you shake,
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No és sols a qui estrenys la mà,
01:45
it's whose hand that person goes on to shake.
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sinó a qui estreny la mà aquesta persona.
01:47
And I think we need to think about these second-degree steps,
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Hem de reflexionar sobre aquestes accions de segon grau,
01:50
that you might think you have low risk
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perquè potser penses que tens risc baix
01:52
and you're in a younger group,
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i que pertanys a un grup més jove,
01:54
but you're often going to be a very short step away
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però la realitat és que sovint et trobaràs a pocs passos
01:57
from someone who is going to get hit very hard by this.
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d'algú que acabarà greument afectat.
02:00
And I think we really need to be socially minded
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Hem de concienciar-nos socialment
02:02
and think this could be quite dramatic in terms of change of behavior,
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i encara que suposa un canvi radical pel que fa al comportament social
02:06
but it needs to be
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és necessari
02:07
to reduce the impact that we're potentially facing.
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per a reduir l'impacte que segurament tindrà.
02:10
[Question 4: How far apart should people stay from each other?]
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[Qüestió 4: A quina distància hem de mantenir-nos dels l'altres?]
02:14
I think it's hard to pin down exactly,
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És difícil d'establir exactament,
però el que hem de pensar és que no s'ha demostrat
02:16
but I think one thing to bear in mind is that there's not so much evidence
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que sigui com un aerosol que arriba molt lluny:
02:19
that this is a kind of aerosol and it goes really far --
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abasta distàncies curtes.
02:22
it's reasonably short distances.
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02:23
I don't think it's the case
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No crec que ocorri que
02:25
that you're sitting a few meters away from someone
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si estàs assegut a uns metres d'algú
02:28
and the virus is somehow going to get across.
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el virus arribi fins a tu.
02:31
It's in closer interactions,
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Són interaccions pròximes,
02:32
and it's why we're seeing so many transmission events
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per això estem veient com molts contagis
02:35
occur in things like meals and really tight-knit groups.
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es produeixen durant els àpats i a grups molt units.
02:39
Because if you imagine
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Imagineu,
02:40
that's where you can get a virus out and onto surfaces
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d'aquí és d'on pot sortir un virus i que es quedi a les superfícies,
02:43
and onto hands and onto faces,
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a les mans i a la cara.
02:45
and it's really situations like that we've got to think more about.
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Són el tipus de situacions sobre les que cal reflexionar més.
02:49
[Question 5: What kind of protective measures
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[Qüestió 5: Quines mesures de protecció haurien d'implantar els països?]
02:51
should countries put in place?]
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02:53
I think that's what people are trying to piece together,
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És precisament el que intenten esbrinar,
02:56
first in terms of what works.
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primerament en quant a què funciona.
02:58
It's only really in the last sort of few weeks
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Durant les últimes setmanes
03:01
we've got a sense that this thing can be controllable
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és quan hem pogut percebre que el virus es pot controlar
03:04
with this extent of interventions,
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amb aquestes intervencions.
Però no tots el països poden fer el mateix que la Xina.
03:06
but of course, not all countries can do what China have done,
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Algunes d'aquestes mesures
03:09
some of these measures
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03:10
incur a huge social, economic, psychological burden
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tenen un gran cost social, econòmic i psicològic
03:14
on populations.
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per a la població.
I també hi ha una limitació temporal.
03:16
And of course, there's the time limit.
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A la Xina els van confinar 6 setmanes.
03:18
In China, they've had them in for six weeks,
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Mantenir això és complicat.
03:20
it's tough to maintain that,
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Cal considerar solucions intermèdies
03:21
so we need to think of these tradeoffs
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03:23
of all the things we can ask people to do,
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de tot el que poguem demanar a la gent que faci,
03:26
what's going to have the most impact on actually reducing the burden.
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les coses que tinguin major efecte en reduir la càrrega.
03:30
[To learn more, visit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]
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[Més informació: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]
03:33
[World Health Organization]
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[Organització Mundial de la Salut]
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