How can we control the coronavirus pandemic? | Adam Kucharski

275,322 views ใƒป 2020-03-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Jenny Rublevsky
00:12
[How can we control the coronavirus pandemic?]
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[ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”?]
00:14
[From infectious disease expert Adam Kucharski]
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[ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืื“ื ืงื•ืฆ'ืจืกืงื™]
00:17
[Question 1: What does containment mean when it comes to outbreaks?]
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[ืฉืืœื” ืžืก' 1: ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื” ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช?]
00:21
Containment is this idea that you can focus your effort on control
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ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
00:24
very much on the cases and their contacts.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื
00:27
So you're not causing disruption to the wider population,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
00:29
you have a case that comes in, you isolate them,
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ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ื›ื ืก, ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
00:32
you work out who they've come into contact with,
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ืžื‘ืจืจื™ื ืขื ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ,
00:34
who's potentially these opportunities for exposure
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ืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ
00:38
and then you can follow up those people,
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ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื
00:40
maybe quarantine them, to make sure that no further transmission happens.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
00:43
So it's a very focused, targeted method,
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช, ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช,
00:46
and for SARS, it worked remarkably well.
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ื•ืขื ื”ืกืืจืก ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:49
But I think for this infection,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
00:51
because some cases are going to be missed, or undetected,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ืฉืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืื• ืื™-ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ื ื,
00:54
you've really got to be capturing a large chunk of people at risk.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:58
If a few slip through the net,
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ืื ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืžืงื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฉืช,
00:59
potentially, you're going to get an outbreak.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช.
01:01
[Question 2: If containment isn't enough, what comes next?]
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[ืฉืืœื” ืžืก' 2: ืื ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื›ืœื”, ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื?
01:05
In that respect,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื•
01:06
it would be about massive changes in our social interactions.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ ืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
01:10
And so that would require,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืฆืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ
01:12
of the opportunities that could spread the virus
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01:14
so these kind of close contacts,
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ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืžื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืจื•ื‘,
01:16
everybody in the population, on average,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
01:18
will be needing to reduce those interactions
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
01:21
potentially by two-thirds to bring it under control.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื—ืœื”.
01:24
That might be through working from home,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืข"ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช,
01:27
from changing lifestyle
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื
01:28
and kind of where you go in crowded places and dinners.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื ื™, ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช.
01:32
And of course, these measures, things like school closures,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืชื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ,
01:35
and other things that just attempt to reduce
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช
01:37
the social mixing of a population.
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ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
01:39
[Question 3: What are the risks that we need people to think about?]
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[ืฉืืœื” ืžืก' 3: ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื?]
01:43
It's not just whose hand you shake,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื—ืฆืช,
01:45
it's whose hand that person goes on to shake.
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ืืœื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ.
01:47
And I think we need to think about these second-degree steps,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ืืœื”,
01:50
that you might think you have low risk
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ืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
01:52
and you're in a younger group,
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ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:54
but you're often going to be a very short step away
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืงืฆืจ
01:57
from someone who is going to get hit very hard by this.
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ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฉื” ืžื–ื”.
02:00
And I think we really need to be socially minded
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
02:02
and think this could be quite dramatic in terms of change of behavior,
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™,
02:06
but it needs to be
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช
02:07
to reduce the impact that we're potentially facing.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™.
02:10
[Question 4: How far apart should people stay from each other?]
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[ืฉืืœื” ืžืก' 4: ืžื” ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”?]
02:14
I think it's hard to pin down exactly,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
02:16
but I think one thing to bear in mind is that there's not so much evidence
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช
02:19
that this is a kind of aerosol and it goes really far --
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ืฉื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ื™ืง ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื --
02:22
it's reasonably short distances.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ื™ืง ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘.
02:23
I don't think it's the case
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘
02:25
that you're sitting a few meters away from someone
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ืฉื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื•
02:28
and the virus is somehow going to get across.
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ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ืš.
02:31
It's in closer interactions,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:32
and it's why we're seeing so many transmission events
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”
02:35
occur in things like meals and really tight-knit groups.
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:39
Because if you imagine
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ื›ื™ ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
02:40
that's where you can get a virus out and onto surfaces
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ืฉื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื
02:43
and onto hands and onto faces,
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ื•ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืคื ื™ื,
02:45
and it's really situations like that we've got to think more about.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื.
02:49
[Question 5: What kind of protective measures
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[ืฉืืœื” ืžืก' 5: ืžื”ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’?]
02:51
should countries put in place?]
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02:53
I think that's what people are trying to piece together,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ,
02:56
first in terms of what works.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
02:58
It's only really in the last sort of few weeks
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ
03:01
we've got a sense that this thing can be controllable
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”
03:04
with this extent of interventions,
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ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช,
03:06
but of course, not all countries can do what China have done,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืขืฉืชื”,
ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:09
some of these measures
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03:10
incur a huge social, economic, psychological burden
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ื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืขื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืขืฆื•ื
03:14
on populations.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
03:16
And of course, there's the time limit.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:18
In China, they've had them in for six weeks,
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
03:20
it's tough to maintain that,
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ื•ืงืฉื” ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื–ื”,
03:21
so we need to think of these tradeoffs
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
03:23
of all the things we can ask people to do,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
03:26
what's going to have the most impact on actually reducing the burden.
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ืžื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœ.
03:30
[To learn more, visit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]
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[ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื•ื“, ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืืชืจื™ื: ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช]
03:33
[World Health Organization]
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[ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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