How can we control the coronavirus pandemic? | Adam Kucharski

274,474 views ใƒป 2020-03-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jungmin Hwang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
[How can we control the coronavirus pandemic?]
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[์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ์••ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?]
00:14
[From infectious disease expert Adam Kucharski]
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[์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ด ์ฟ ์ฐจ๋ฅด์Šคํ‚ค]
00:17
[Question 1: What does containment mean when it comes to outbreaks?]
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[์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ: ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ด‰์‡„๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‚˜์š”?]
00:21
Containment is this idea that you can focus your effort on control
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๋ด‰์‡„๋Š” ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„
00:24
very much on the cases and their contacts.
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์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
So you're not causing disruption to the wider population,
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๋” ํฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:29
you have a case that comes in, you isolate them,
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ํ™•์ง„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚จ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:32
you work out who they've come into contact with,
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์ ‘์ด‰์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
00:34
who's potentially these opportunities for exposure
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๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ถ”๋ ค๋‚ด
00:38
and then you can follow up those people,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
maybe quarantine them, to make sure that no further transmission happens.
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๋” ํฐ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ‘์ด‰์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:43
So it's a very focused, targeted method,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒจ๋‚ญํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:46
and for SARS, it worked remarkably well.
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SARS ์œ ํ–‰์— ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๋˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
But I think for this infection,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
00:51
because some cases are going to be missed, or undetected,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ง์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๋†“์ผ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ์—
00:54
you've really got to be capturing a large chunk of people at risk.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
If a few slip through the net,
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๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ง์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:59
potentially, you're going to get an outbreak.
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์ง€์—ญ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
[Question 2: If containment isn't enough, what comes next?]
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[๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ: ๋ด‰์‡„๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?]
01:05
In that respect,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
01:06
it would be about massive changes in our social interactions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
And so that would require,
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ํ™•์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
01:12
of the opportunities that could spread the virus
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์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์••ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:14
so these kind of close contacts,
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๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
01:16
everybody in the population, on average,
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์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:18
will be needing to reduce those interactions
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์•ฝ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋งŒํผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ
01:21
potentially by two-thirds to bring it under control.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
That might be through working from home,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:27
from changing lifestyle
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์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
01:28
and kind of where you go in crowded places and dinners.
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์ธํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
And of course, these measures, things like school closures,
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ํœด๊ต๋ น์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ œ๋„๋‚˜
01:35
and other things that just attempt to reduce
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„
01:37
the social mixing of a population.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€์š”.
01:39
[Question 3: What are the risks that we need people to think about?]
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[์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?]
01:43
It's not just whose hand you shake,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์•…์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:45
it's whose hand that person goes on to shake.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์•…์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
And I think we need to think about these second-degree steps,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ 2์ฐจ ์ ‘์ด‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
that you might think you have low risk
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:52
and you're in a younger group,
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์ Š์€ ์ธต์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
01:54
but you're often going to be a very short step away
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ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
01:57
from someone who is going to get hit very hard by this.
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๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
And I think we really need to be socially minded
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:02
and think this could be quite dramatic in terms of change of behavior,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:06
but it needs to be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„
02:07
to reduce the impact that we're potentially facing.
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์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
[Question 4: How far apart should people stay from each other?]
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[๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?]
02:14
I think it's hard to pin down exactly,
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์ฝ• ์ง‘์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
02:16
but I think one thing to bear in mind is that there's not so much evidence
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์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—์–ด๋กœ์†”์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
02:19
that this is a kind of aerosol and it goes really far --
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์ „ํŒŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
it's reasonably short distances.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ „์—ผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
I don't think it's the case
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹จ์ง€
02:25
that you're sitting a few meters away from someone
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
02:28
and the virus is somehow going to get across.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
It's in closer interactions,
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๋” ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
and it's why we're seeing so many transmission events
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ
02:35
occur in things like meals and really tight-knit groups.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Because if you imagine
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
02:40
that's where you can get a virus out and onto surfaces
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด๋‚˜
02:43
and onto hands and onto faces,
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์†, ์–ผ๊ตด ๋“ฑ์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
and it's really situations like that we've got to think more about.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
[Question 5: What kind of protective measures
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[๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ: ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?]
02:51
should countries put in place?]
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02:53
I think that's what people are trying to piece together,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
first in terms of what works.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:58
It's only really in the last sort of few weeks
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ์•ผ
03:01
we've got a sense that this thing can be controllable
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๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์ €์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
03:04
with this extent of interventions,
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
but of course, not all countries can do what China have done,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ์—
03:09
some of these measures
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๋ณดํ˜ธ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€
03:10
incur a huge social, economic, psychological burden
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ํฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง์„
03:14
on populations.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
And of course, there's the time limit.
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๋˜, ์ œํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์••๋ฐ•๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:18
In China, they've had them in for six weeks,
72
198046
2131
์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 6์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
it's tough to maintain that,
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1376
์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:21
so we need to think of these tradeoffs
74
201601
1825
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น™๋“ค์˜
03:23
of all the things we can ask people to do,
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203450
2572
์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์—
03:26
what's going to have the most impact on actually reducing the burden.
76
206046
3515
๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
[To learn more, visit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]
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[๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ณธ๋ถ€์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.]
03:33
[World Health Organization]
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1800
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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