My Daughter, Malala | Ziauddin Yousafzai | TED Talks

翻译人员: Ying Wang 校对人员: Li Li

In many patriarchal societies and tribal societies,

在许多族长制社会和部落制社会中，

fathers are usually known by their sons,

父亲通常是因为他的儿子而出名，

but I'm one of the few fathers

但我属于少数的父亲，

who is known by his daughter,

我因自己的女儿而出名的，

and I am proud of it.

我对此感到特别骄傲。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Malala started her campaign for education

马拉拉在2007年开始

and stood for her rights in 2007,

为自己的教育权利而战，

and when her efforts were honored in 2011,

在2011年，她因为自己的努力

and she was given the national youth peace prize,

而被授予国家青年和平奖，

and she became a very famous,

从那时起，她变成了

very popular young girl of her country.

巴基斯坦非常有名的年轻女孩。

Before that, she was my daughter,

在这之前，她是我的女儿，

but now I am her father.

但现在我是她的父亲。

Ladies and gentlemen,

女士们先生们，

if we glance to human history,

如果我们回顾一下人类历史，

the story of women

会发现女性的历史

is the story of injustice,

其实是关于不公正，

inequality,

不平等，

violence and exploitation.

暴力和被剥削的故事。

You see,

你会发现，

in patriarchal societies,

在重男轻女的社会里，

right from the very beginning,

从一开始，

when a girl is born,

也就是从女孩出生那一刻开始，

her birth is not celebrated.

她的出生是不被庆祝的。

She is not welcomed,

她不受欢迎，

neither by father nor by mother.

无论是父亲还是母亲，

The neighborhood comes

邻居会过来

and commiserates with the mother,

对母亲表示同情，

and nobody congratulates the father.

没有人会去恭喜父亲。

And a mother is very uncomfortable

母亲也会因为拥有了一名女儿

for having a girl child.

而感到不适。

When she gives birth to the first girl child,

当她产下第一名女婴时，

first daughter, she is sad.

她是难过的。

When she gives birth to the second daughter,

当她产下第二名女婴时，

she is shocked,

她是震惊的，

and in the expectation of a son,

由于一心想要儿子，

when she gives birth to a third daughter,

当她产下第三名女婴的时候，

she feels guilty like a criminal.

她感觉羞愧极了，像罪犯一样。

Not only the mother suffers,

受苦的不仅仅只有母亲，

but the daughter, the newly born daughter,

也有女儿，刚刚来到世界的女婴，

when she grows old,

当她长大，

she suffers too.

她也会受许多苦。

At the age of five,

五岁，

while she should be going to school,

本来是应该去上学的年龄，

she stays at home

她只能呆在家

and her brothers are admitted in a school.

眼睁睁地望着自己的哥哥或者弟弟去上学，

Until the age of 12, somehow,

在十二岁的时候，

she has a good life.

她似乎拥有了快乐的生活。

She can have fun.

她可以出去玩。

She can play with her friends in the streets,

她可以在街道上和朋友一起游戏，

and she can move around in the streets

她也可以像蝴蝶一样，

like a butterfly.

在街道间穿梭。

But when she enters her teens,

但当她进入了青少年时期，

when she becomes 13 years old,

当她十三岁的时候，

she is forbidden to go out of her home

她禁止在没有男性的陪同下

without a male escort.

离开家。

She is confined under the four walls of her home.

她被家里的四面墙困住了。

She is no more a free individual.

她也不再是自由的个体了。

She becomes the so-called honor

她成为了所谓的

of her father and of her brothers

父亲，兄弟和家庭的

and of her family,

“荣耀”，

and if she transgresses

如果她违反了那所谓荣耀的

the code of that so-called honor,

准则，

she could even be killed.

她有可能会被处死。

And it is also interesting that this so-called

但是让人惊讶的是，

code of honor,

这个所谓的荣耀准则，

it does not only affect the life of a girl,

不仅仅影响女孩的生活，

it also affects the life

也与家庭里的男性成员

of the male members of the family.

息息相关。

I know a family of seven sisters and one brother,

我知道有一户家庭里有七个女儿，一个儿子，

and that one brother,

那个唯一的儿子

he has migrated to the Gulf countries,

已经移民到中东海湾地区，

to earn a living for his seven sisters

去挣钱养活七个姐妹

and parents,

和他的父母。

because he thinks that it will be humiliating

因为他认为，

if his seven sisters learn a skill

如果他的七个姐妹学会了一些技能，

and they go out of the home

可以离开家

and earn some livelihood.

挣点钱，这将是对他的羞辱。

So this brother,

所以这位儿子，

he sacrifices the joys of his life

牺牲了自己的生活的快乐，

and the happiness of his sisters

也摧毁了他姐妹的幸福生活，

at the altar of so-called honor.

只为了维护所谓的荣耀。

And there is one more norm

在重男轻女的社会里，

of the patriarchal societies

还有一项常态，

that is called obedience.

那就是服从。

A good girl is supposed to be

一个好的女孩应该是

very quiet, very humble

非常安静，非常谦虚，

and very submissive.

并且非常顺从。

It is the criteria.

这是准则。

The role model good girl should be very quiet.

好女孩的榜样必须是非常安静的。

She is supposed to be silent

她必须处于沉默的状态，

and she is supposed to accept the decisions

无条件接受一切

of her father and mother

来自父母的，

and the decisions of elders,

长者的决定，

even if she does not like them.

即使她不喜欢那些决定。

If she is married to a man she doesn't like

如果她要嫁给一个自己不喜欢的男人，

or if she is married to an old man,

或者她要嫁给一个比自己年龄大很多的男人，

she has to accept,

她必须无条件接受，

because she does not want to be dubbed

因为她不想被带上

as disobedient.

"违抗命令"的名声。

If she is married very early,

如果她过早地结婚，

she has to accept.

她也必须服从。

Otherwise, she will be called disobedient.

要不然，她就会被众人称作“违抗命令”。

And what happens at the end?

这样的结局会是什么？

In the words of a poetess,

用诗人的话说，

she is wedded, bedded,

结婚并同床，

and then she gives birth to more sons and daughters.

然后她生下更多的儿子和女儿，

And it is the irony of the situation

这种情况的讽刺之处在于，

that this mother,

这名母亲

she teaches the same lesson of obedience

又将服从的概念

to her daughter

灌输给自己的女儿

and the same lesson of honor to her sons.

将荣耀的概念灌输给自己的儿子。

And this vicious cycle goes on, goes on.

这种恶性循环一直持续。

Ladies and gentlemen,

女士们先生们，

this plight of millions of women

我认为，数以百万计女性的苦境，

could be changed

是可以被改变的，

if we think differently,

如果我们从不同的角度思考，

if women and men think differently,

如果女性和男性换位思考，

if men and women in the tribal and patriarchal societies

如果在发展中国家，

in the developing countries,

那些生于重男轻女和部落制社会中的男性和女性

if they can break a few norms

愿意打破家庭和社会中的

of family and society,

一些陈规

if they can abolish the discriminatory laws

如果他们能废除在国家体系中

of the systems in their states,

存在的带有歧视性的法律，

which go against the basic human rights

这些法律违反

of the women.

女性最基本的人权。

Dear brothers and sisters, when Malala was born,

亲爱的兄弟姐妹们，当马拉拉出生时，

and for the first time,

在那一次，

believe me,

相信我，

I don't like newborn children, to be honest,

坦白说，我不喜欢新生儿

but when I went and I looked into her eyes,

但当我看到她的眼睛时，

believe me,

相信我，

I got extremely honored.

我觉得分外荣幸。

And long before she was born,

在她出生很久之前，

I thought about her name,

我就开始想给她取什么名字，

and I was fascinated with a heroic

我当时对在阿富汗战争中

legendary freedom fighter in Afghanistan.

一位为自由而战的传奇女性着迷，

Her name was Malalai of Maiwand,

她的名字是迈旺得的马拉拉，

and I named my daughter after her.

所以我给自己的女儿也取名马拉拉。

A few days after Malala was born,

在马拉拉生日后的几天，

my daughter was born,

我的女儿出生了，

my cousin came --

我的堂兄过来了

and it was a coincidence --

-这完全是意料之外的-

he came to my home

他来我家，

and he brought a family tree,

并带来了族谱，

a family tree of the Yousafzai family,

那是属于优素福家族的族谱，

and when I looked at the family tree,

当我看着那份族谱的时候，

it traced back to 300 years of our ancestors.

它介绍了三百年前我们的祖先，

But when I looked, all were men,

但当我细看的时候，名单里全是男性，

and I picked my pen,

随后我拿起了笔，

drew a line from my name,

在我名字的下方划了一条线，

and wrote, "Malala."

然后写上,"马拉拉”。

And when she grow old,

她渐渐长大，

when she was four and a half years old,

当她四岁半的时候，

I admitted her in my school.

我送她去我的学校，

You will be asking, then, why should I mention about

你或许会问，为什么我要提到

the admission of a girl in a school?

送女儿去学校？

Yes, I must mention it.

我必须说说这件事。

It may be taken for granted in Canada,

在加拿大，美国

in America, in many developed countries,

等发展中国家，这可能是理所当然的，

but in poor countries,

但是在贫穷的国家，

in patriarchal societies, in tribal societies,

在重男轻女或部落制的社会中，

it's a big event for the life of girl.

这对女孩来说无比重要。

Enrollment in a school means

将她送进学校

recognition of her identity and her name.

意味着对她个体和名字的认可，

Admission in a school means

进入学校

that she has entered the world of dreams

意味着她进入了充满梦想和抱负的

and aspirations

世界

where she can explore her potentials

她可以为自己的未来

for her future life.

探索个人的潜能。

I have five sisters,

我有五个姐妹，

and none of them could go to school,

她们之中没有一个人上过学校，

and you will be astonished,

接下来的故事也许会让你震惊，

two weeks before,

两周前，

when I was filling out the Canadian visa form,

当我在填加拿大签证表格的时候，

and I was filling out the family part of the form,

我发现自己需要填写家庭成员，

I could not recall

我那时居然想不起

the surnames of some of my sisters.

我一些姐妹的姓氏。

And the reason was

原因就是，

that I have never, never seen the names

我从来没有见过

of my sisters written on any document.

自己的姐妹在任何文件中写过自己的名字。

That was the reason that

这就是为什么

I valued my daughter.

我珍重女儿的原因。

What my father could not give to my sisters

我父亲不能给予

and to his daughters,

自己女儿的东西，

I thought I must change it.

我想我一定要改变这个现象。

I used to appreciate the intelligence

我经常表扬我女儿，

and the brilliance of my daughter.

赞扬她聪明，机智，

I encouraged her to sit with me

当有朋友来的时候，

when my friends used to come.

我鼓励她和我坐在一起。

I encouraged her to go with me to different meetings.

我鼓励她和我一起参加不同的会议。

And all these good values,

所有这些好的价值

I tried to inculcate in her personality.

我都试图灌输到她的性格中。

And this was not only she, only Malala.

但不仅仅是她，不仅仅是马拉拉，

I imparted all these good values

我把这些好的价值

to my school, girl students and boy students as well.

带去学校，带给男同学也带给女同学。

I used education for emancipation.

我通过教育带来解放，

I taught my girls,

我教育自己的女儿

I taught my girl students,

我教育自己的女学生，

to unlearn the lesson of obedience.

要学会对“服从”说不

I taught my boy students

我教育我的男学生，

to unlearn the lesson of so-called pseudo-honor.

要忘记所谓的“荣耀”。

Dear brothers and sisters,

亲爱的兄弟姐妹们，

we were striving for more rights for women,

我们为女性争取更多的权利，

and we were struggling to have more,

我们也在努力在社会中

more and more space for the women in society.

为女性争取更多的空间和地位，

But we came across a new phenomenon.

但是我们也遇到了新的现象。

It was lethal to human rights

这个现象给人权带来巨大的打击，

and particularly to women's rights.

尤其是对女性的权利。

It was called Talibanization.

这个现象叫做塔利班化。

It means a complete negation

这种现象剥夺了

of women's participation

女性的参与权，

in all political, economical and social activities.

无论是在政治活动，经济活动，还是社会活动之中。

Hundreds of schools were lost.

上百所学校被关闭。

Girls were prohibited from going to school.

女孩被禁止上学。

Women were forced to wear veils

妇女被迫带上面纱，

and they were stopped from going to the markets.

而且她们被禁止去集市。

Musicians were silenced,

音乐家被静止弹奏音乐，

girls were flogged

女孩被鞭打，

and singers were killed.

歌手被刺杀。

Millions were suffering,

百万人受苦，

but few spoke,

但只有极少数人敢站出来说，

and it was the most scary thing

最恐怖的事情是，

when you have all around such people

你的周围充满了

who kill and who flog,

经常进行杀戮和鞭打的人，

and you speak for your rights.

但你仍要为自己的权利发出呐喊。

It's really the most scary thing.

这真的是最恐怖的事情。

At the age of 10,

在她十岁的时候，

Malala stood, and she stood for the right

马拉拉站起身，

of education.

为自己的教育权利呐喊。

She wrote a diary for the BBC blog,

她把自己的一篇日记作为BBC的博客，

she volunteered herself

她自愿参加

for the New York Times documentaries,

《纽约时代》一些纪录片的制作，

and she spoke from every platform she could.

她尽力登上每一个展台去发出自己的声音。

And her voice was the most powerful voice.

她的声音是世界上最强有力的声音。

It spread like a crescendo all around the world.

她的声音逐渐传播到世界的每一个角落。

And that was the reason the Taliban

这就是为什么塔利班

could not tolerate her campaign,

不能容忍她的宣传活动，

and on October 9 2012,

在2012年10月9日，

she was shot in the head at point blank range.

她头部被近距离射击。

It was a doomsday for my family and for me.

那天对我们全家人尤其对我自己来说，简直是世界末日。

The world turned into a big black hole.

整个世界变成了一个大黑洞。

While my daughter was

我的女儿

on the verge of life and death,

处于生命垂危状态，

I whispered into the ears of my wife,

我低声对妻子说，

"Should I be blamed for what happened

“对于发生在我们女儿身上的事情，

to my daughter and your daughter?"

我是不是有责任？”

And she abruptly told me,

她立刻打断我：

"Please don't blame yourself.

”请别责备自己。

You stood for the right cause.

你之前所做的没有错。

You put your life at stake

你将自己的生命至于危险的环境，

for the cause of truth,

是为了真理，

for the cause of peace,

为了和平，

and for the cause of education,

也为了教育，

and your daughter in inspired from you

你的女儿受到了启发，

and she joined you.

并愿意和你并肩作战。

You both were on the right path

你们两个人都在正确的道路上，

and God will protect her."

真主会保佑她。”

These few words meant a lot to me,

这一番话对我意义非常大，

and I didn't ask this question again.

此后我也没有再问过这样的问题。

When Malala was in the hospital,

当马拉拉在医院的时候，

and she was going through the severe pains

她忍受着巨大的痛苦，

and she had had severe headaches

她头痛极为严重，

because her facial nerve was cut down,

因为她的面部神经被切断了，

I used to see a dark shadow

我妻子的脸

spreading on the face of my wife.

成天被阴云笼罩着。

But my daughter never complained.

但我的女儿从来没有抱怨。

She used to tell us,

她会告诉我们，

"I'm fine with my crooked smile

“微笑奇怪，面部僵硬，

and with my numbness in my face.

这些都没有关系。

I'll be okay. Please don't worry."

我会好起来的，别担心。”

She was a solace for us,

她是我们的安慰，

and she consoled us.

给我们带来慰藉。

Dear brothers and sisters,

亲爱的兄弟姐妹们，

we learned from her how to be resilient

从她身上，我学到了

in the most difficult times,

在困境中如何变得坚强，

and I'm glad to share with you

我也很乐意和你们分享，

that despite being an icon

尽管她如今是

for the rights of children and women,

儿童权利和妇女权利领域的重要人物，

she is like any 16-year old girl.

她和其他16岁的女孩没有什么不同。

She cries when her homework is incomplete.

当作业没有写完时，她会哭。

She quarrels with her brothers,

她也会和兄弟争吵，

and I am very happy for that.

我觉得这些其实都很正常。

People ask me,

人们问我，

what special is in my mentorship

为什么我的启蒙

which has made Malala so bold

能让马拉拉如此大胆，

and so courageous and so vocal and poised?

如此勇敢，有感召力并且镇定自若？

I tell them, don't ask me what I did.

我告诉他们，不要问我做了什么。

Ask me what I did not do.

问我没有做什么。

I did not clip her wings, and that's all.

我所做的，只是没折断她的翅膀。

Thank you very much.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. (Applause)

非常感谢。（掌声）