My Daughter, Malala | Ziauddin Yousafzai | TED Talks

譯者: Marssi Draw 審譯者: Geoff Chen

In many patriarchal societies and tribal societies,

在許多父權社會和部落社會中，

fathers are usually known by their sons,

父親通常因其子而聞名，

but I'm one of the few fathers

但我是少數

因為女兒而聞名的父親，

who is known by his daughter,

and I am proud of it.

我深感榮耀。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Malala started her campaign for education

馬拉拉開始為自身的教育而戰

and stood for her rights in 2007,

並為權利挺身而出 是在 2007 年，

and when her efforts were honored in 2011,

她的努力在 2011 年時被表彰，

and she was given the national youth peace prize,

獲頒國家青年和平獎，

and she became a very famous,

她變得家喻戶曉，

very popular young girl of her country.

在國內是非常知名的女孩。

Before that, she was my daughter,

在那之前，她是我的女兒，

but now I am her father.

但現在我是她的父親。

Ladies and gentlemen,

各位先生、女士，

if we glance to human history,

如果我們一瞥人類歷史，

the story of women

女性的故事

is the story of injustice,

是不公正、不平等、

inequality,

violence and exploitation.

暴力與剝削的故事。

You see,

在父權社會中，你會看到

in patriarchal societies,

right from the very beginning,

權利從一開始就決定了，

when a girl is born,

當一個小女孩出生，

her birth is not celebrated.

沒有人會慶祝她的誕生。

She is not welcomed,

她不受歡迎，

neither by father nor by mother.

父親與兄長也不歡迎她。

The neighborhood comes

鄰居來訪

and commiserates with the mother,

會對母親露出憐憫之情，

and nobody congratulates the father.

沒有人會恭喜她的父親。

And a mother is very uncomfortable

一位母親如果有女兒

for having a girl child.

會很不自在。

When she gives birth to the first girl child,

當她生了第一個女孩、

first daughter, she is sad.

第一個女兒，她會很難過。

When she gives birth to the second daughter,

當她生了第二個女兒，

she is shocked,

她會很驚訝，

and in the expectation of a son,

並滿懷期待生個兒子。

when she gives birth to a third daughter,

當她生了第三個女兒，

she feels guilty like a criminal.

她會像犯人一樣感到內疚。

Not only the mother suffers,

不只是母親受苦，

but the daughter, the newly born daughter,

就連女兒，那個新生的女兒，

when she grows old,

當她長大之後，

she suffers too.

也會受苦。

At the age of five,

到了五歲

while she should be going to school,

該上學的時候，

she stays at home

她得留在家裡，

and her brothers are admitted in a school.

而兄弟則已得到入學許可。

Until the age of 12, somehow,

一直到 12 歲，不知怎麼搞的，

she has a good life.

她就有了幸福人生。

She can have fun.

她能享樂，

She can play with her friends in the streets,

她能和朋友在街上玩耍，

and she can move around in the streets

而且可以上街繞繞，

like a butterfly.

就像隻蝴蝶。

But when she enters her teens,

但是當她成為青少女，

when she becomes 13 years old,

在她 13 歲時，

she is forbidden to go out of her home

如果沒有男性陪同，

without a male escort.

就會被禁止出門。

She is confined under the four walls of her home.

她被監禁在家裡。

She is no more a free individual.

她不再是一個獨立個體。

She becomes the so-called honor

她成了他人所謂的名譽，

of her father and of her brothers

屬於她父親的、兄弟的、

and of her family,

家人的名譽，

and if she transgresses

如果她違背了

the code of that so-called honor,

所謂的名譽符碼，

she could even be killed.

就可能喪命。

And it is also interesting that this so-called

很有趣的是這種所謂的

code of honor,

名譽符碼，

it does not only affect the life of a girl,

那不只是影響了一個女孩的人生，

it also affects the life

還影響了家庭中

of the male members of the family.

男性成員的人生。

I know a family of seven sisters and one brother,

我認識一個有七姊妹和獨子的家庭，

and that one brother,

而那個獨子

he has migrated to the Gulf countries,

移民去了波斯灣一帶的國家，

to earn a living for his seven sisters

為了賺錢養活七姊妹

and parents,

和父母，

because he thinks that it will be humiliating

因為他覺得

如果他的七姊妹學了技能，

if his seven sisters learn a skill

and they go out of the home

然後離家賺點家計，

and earn some livelihood.

會很丟臉。

So this brother,

因此這個獨子

he sacrifices the joys of his life

犧牲了生活的樂趣

and the happiness of his sisters

和姊妹的幸福

at the altar of so-called honor.

是為了所謂的名譽聖壇。

And there is one more norm

還有一個規範

of the patriarchal societies

出現在父權社會中，

that is called obedience.

那就是服從。

A good girl is supposed to be

一個好女孩應該要是

very quiet, very humble

很文靜、很謙卑，

and very submissive.

而且非常服從。

It is the criteria.

這是準則。

The role model good girl should be very quiet.

模範的好女孩應該非常文靜。

She is supposed to be silent

她應該要沉默、

and she is supposed to accept the decisions

她應該要接受

of her father and mother

她的父母親

and the decisions of elders,

與長者所做的決定，

even if she does not like them.

即使她不喜歡這些決定。

If she is married to a man she doesn't like

如果她得嫁給不喜歡的男人，

or if she is married to an old man,

或是嫁給老人，

she has to accept,

她都必須接受，

because she does not want to be dubbed

因為她不想被冠上

as disobedient.

不服從者的稱號。

If she is married very early,

如果他得很早婚，

she has to accept.

她必須接受。

Otherwise, she will be called disobedient.

否則，她會被稱為不服從者。

And what happens at the end?

結果會如何？

In the words of a poetess,

一位女詩人說，

she is wedded, bedded,

她被安排結婚、上床，

and then she gives birth to more sons and daughters.

然後生下很多兒子和女兒。

And it is the irony of the situation

很諷刺的情況是

that this mother,

這位母親

she teaches the same lesson of obedience

也會教女兒同樣服從的一課，

to her daughter

and the same lesson of honor to her sons.

教兒子同樣名譽的一課。

And this vicious cycle goes on, goes on.

這個惡性循環不斷重覆上演。

Ladies and gentlemen,

各位女士、先生，

this plight of millions of women

這對無數女性的禁錮

could be changed

是可以改變的，

if we think differently,

如果我用不同的方式思考，

if women and men think differently,

如果女性和男性用不同的方式思考，

if men and women in the tribal and patriarchal societies

如果發展中國家 父權和部落社會的男性和女性

in the developing countries,

if they can break a few norms

可以打破

一些家庭和社會的規範，

of family and society,

if they can abolish the discriminatory laws

如果他們可以廢除國內體制中

of the systems in their states,

有歧視的法律，

which go against the basic human rights

廢除那些違背女性基本人權的法律。

of the women.

Dear brothers and sisters, when Malala was born,

親愛的弟兄姐妹，當馬拉拉出生時，

and for the first time,

那是第一次，

believe me,

相信我，

I don't like newborn children, to be honest,

老實說，我不喜歡嬰兒，

but when I went and I looked into her eyes,

但是當我看進她的眼底，

believe me,

相信我，

I got extremely honored.

我感到無比榮耀。

And long before she was born,

在她出生之前，

I thought about her name,

我考慮要為她取什麼名字，

and I was fascinated with a heroic

我一直很欣賞一位傳奇英雄，

legendary freedom fighter in Afghanistan.

為阿富汗自由而戰的鬥士，

Her name was Malalai of Maiwand,

她是邁萬德的馬拉拉，

and I named my daughter after her.

我的女兒以她為名。

A few days after Malala was born,

在馬拉拉出生後幾天，

my daughter was born,

我的女兒出生後幾天，

my cousin came --

我的堂兄來訪

and it was a coincidence --

──那是巧合──

he came to my home

他來我家時

and he brought a family tree,

帶了一份祖譜，

a family tree of the Yousafzai family,

那是優薩福扎伊家的祖譜，

and when I looked at the family tree,

我檢視這份祖譜，

it traced back to 300 years of our ancestors.

它回溯了我們 300 年來的祖先。

But when I looked, all were men,

但是我發現全都是男性，

and I picked my pen,

我拿起筆，

drew a line from my name,

從我的名字畫出一條線，

and wrote, "Malala."

寫下「馬拉拉」。

And when she grow old,

當她長大

when she was four and a half years old,

到四歲半的時候，

I admitted her in my school.

我准許她到我的學校上學。

You will be asking, then, why should I mention about

你可能會問，我為什麼要提到

the admission of a girl in a school?

准許女孩上學？

Yes, I must mention it.

沒錯，我得提出這件事。

It may be taken for granted in Canada,

在加拿大這可能是理所當然的事，

in America, in many developed countries,

在美國、在許多已開發國家皆是，

but in poor countries,

但是在貧窮國家、

in patriarchal societies, in tribal societies,

在父權社會、部落社會中，

it's a big event for the life of girl.

對女孩來說是人生中的大事。

Enrollment in a school means

登記入學意謂著

recognition of her identity and her name.

認可她的身分和姓名。

Admission in a school means

准許入學意謂著

that she has entered the world of dreams

她進入夢想與渴望的世界，

and aspirations

where she can explore her potentials

在那裡她可以為自己的未來

for her future life.

挖掘自己的天賦。

I have five sisters,

我有五位姊妹，

and none of them could go to school,

沒有一個可以上學，

and you will be astonished,

你會很吃驚，

two weeks before,

兩個星期前，

when I was filling out the Canadian visa form,

在我填寫加拿大簽證表格時，

and I was filling out the family part of the form,

當我填到家庭的部分，

I could not recall

我想不出

the surnames of some of my sisters.

其中幾位姊妹的名字。

And the reason was

原因是

that I have never, never seen the names

我從來沒有看過她們的名字

of my sisters written on any document.

寫在任何文件上。

That was the reason that

因為這個因素，

I valued my daughter.

我珍視我的女兒。

What my father could not give to my sisters

我的父親無法給我的姊妹、

and to his daughters,

他的女兒的東西，

I thought I must change it.

我想我必須改變。

I used to appreciate the intelligence

我總是賞識

and the brilliance of my daughter.

女兒的聰穎和才智。

I encouraged her to sit with me

我鼓勵她與我同坐，

when my friends used to come.

一起接待我的朋友。

I encouraged her to go with me to different meetings.

我鼓勵她和我一起 參加不同的會議。

And all these good values,

這所有的良善價值

I tried to inculcate in her personality.

我都嘗試灌輸在她的人格特質中。

And this was not only she, only Malala.

不只是她，不只是馬拉拉。

I imparted all these good values

我將這所有的良善價值 分享給我的學校，

to my school, girl students and boy students as well.

以及女學生和男學生。

I used education for emancipation.

我以教育來解放人心。

I taught my girls,

我教導我的女兒，

I taught my girl students,

我教導我的女學生

to unlearn the lesson of obedience.

捨棄服從的訓誡。

I taught my boy students

我教導我的男學生

to unlearn the lesson of so-called pseudo-honor.

捨棄所謂的偽名譽。

Dear brothers and sisters,

親愛的弟兄姐妹，

we were striving for more rights for women,

我們為女性的更多權利而奮鬥，

and we were struggling to have more,

我們努力為女性在社會上

more and more space for the women in society.

爭取更多、更多、更多的空間。

But we came across a new phenomenon.

但是我們面臨新的現象。

It was lethal to human rights

這會毀滅人權，

and particularly to women's rights.

尤其是對女權。

It was called Talibanization.

那稱為塔利班化。

It means a complete negation

意謂著一個完全否定

of women's participation

女性參與

in all political, economical and social activities.

政治、經濟和社會的任何活動。

Hundreds of schools were lost.

上百所學校消失了。

Girls were prohibited from going to school.

女孩被禁止上學。

Women were forced to wear veils

女孩被迫戴著面紗，

and they were stopped from going to the markets.

她們被禁止上市場。

Musicians were silenced,

音樂家被禁聲，

girls were flogged

女孩被拐賣，

and singers were killed.

歌手被謀殺。

Millions were suffering,

無數人受苦，

but few spoke,

卻很少人說出口，

and it was the most scary thing

最恐怖的是

when you have all around such people

你身邊充斥著

who kill and who flog,

會屠殺、拐賣人口的人，

and you speak for your rights.

而你為自己的權利發聲。

It's really the most scary thing.

這是最恐怖的事。

At the age of 10,

馬拉拉在 10 歲的時候站出來，

Malala stood, and she stood for the right

為自己接受教育的權力

of education.

挺身而出。

She wrote a diary for the BBC blog,

她為英國廣播公司 (BBC) 的 部落格寫日記，

she volunteered herself

她自願

for the New York Times documentaries,

為紐約時報做紀錄，

and she spoke from every platform she could.

她也站上每一個有機會說話的講台。

And her voice was the most powerful voice.

她的聲音是最強而有力的聲音。

It spread like a crescendo all around the world.

那就像漸強音樂一樣 在世界各地傳遞。

And that was the reason the Taliban

那就是塔利班為什麼

could not tolerate her campaign,

無法忍受她的活動，

and on October 9 2012,

在 2012 年 10 月 9 日時，

she was shot in the head at point blank range.

她被近距離槍擊頭部。

It was a doomsday for my family and for me.

那一天對全家和我來說是世界末日。

The world turned into a big black hole.

世界變成一個巨大的黑洞。

While my daughter was

當我的女兒

on the verge of life and death,

在生死交戰的邊緣，

I whispered into the ears of my wife,

我在妻子耳邊低語：

"Should I be blamed for what happened

「我應該為了發生在

to my daughter and your daughter?"

我的女兒和你的女兒身上的事被譴責嗎？」

And she abruptly told me,

她突然告訴我：

"Please don't blame yourself.

「請別責備自己。

You stood for the right cause.

你支持對的理念。

You put your life at stake

你拿自己的生命當賭注，

for the cause of truth,

為了真理、

for the cause of peace,

為了和平，

and for the cause of education,

也為了教育，

and your daughter in inspired from you

而你的女兒受到你的啟發，

and she joined you.

起身與你並肩而戰。

You both were on the right path

你們倆都在正確的道路上，

and God will protect her."

造物主會保佑她。」

These few words meant a lot to me,

這些話語對我來說意義非凡，

and I didn't ask this question again.

自此之後我就沒再提這個問題。

When Malala was in the hospital,

馬拉拉還在醫院的時候，

and she was going through the severe pains

她經歷極劇烈的苦痛，

and she had had severe headaches

她嚴重頭痛，

because her facial nerve was cut down,

因為她的顏面神經被切斷了，

I used to see a dark shadow

我總是看到一片黑影

spreading on the face of my wife.

在妻子的臉上蔓延。

But my daughter never complained.

但是我的女兒從不抱怨。

She used to tell us,

她總是告訴我：

"I'm fine with my crooked smile

「我很好，即使我有扭曲的笑容

and with my numbness in my face.

和麻木的臉龐。

I'll be okay. Please don't worry."

我會一切安好，請不要擔心。」

She was a solace for us,

她是我們的慰藉，

and she consoled us.

她撫慰了我們。

Dear brothers and sisters,

親愛的弟兄姐妹，

we learned from her how to be resilient

我們從她身上學會了 在最艱難的時刻

in the most difficult times,

如何保有堅韌的心，

and I'm glad to share with you

我很高興能告訴大家

that despite being an icon

即使馬拉拉成了

for the rights of children and women,

兒童與婦女權利的指標人物，

she is like any 16-year old girl.

她還是像個 16 歲的女孩。

She cries when her homework is incomplete.

她會因為作業沒寫完而哭泣。

She quarrels with her brothers,

她會和兄弟吵架，

and I am very happy for that.

這讓我很開心。

People ask me,

大家都問我，

what special is in my mentorship

我在指導時有什麼秘方

which has made Malala so bold

讓馬拉拉如此英勇、

and so courageous and so vocal and poised?

無畏、勇於發聲且泰然自若？

I tell them, don't ask me what I did.

我告訴他們，別問我做了什麼，

Ask me what I did not do.

問我沒做什麼。

I did not clip her wings, and that's all.

我沒有折斷她的雙翼，如此罷了。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. (Applause)

謝謝！非常感謝大家，謝謝！（掌聲）