How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | TED

Prevodilac: Jelena Nedjic Lektor: Ivana Korom

Okay, now I don't want to alarm anybody in this room,

Ne želim da alarmiram nikoga od prisutnih,

but it's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar.

ali sam upravo uočila

da je osoba sa Vaše desne strane lažov.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Also, the person to your left is a liar.

I osoba sa Vaše leve strane je takođe lažov.

Also the person sitting in your very seats is a liar.

A i osoba koja sedi na Vašoj stolici je lažov.

We're all liars.

Mi smo svi lažovi.

What I'm going to do today

Ono što ću pokušati da objasnim danas

is I'm going to show you what the research says about why we're all liars,

jeste studija koja obrazlaže zašto smo svi lažovi,

how you can become a liespotter

kako možete da uočite laž

and why you might want to go the extra mile

i zašto biste možda želeli dodatno da se potrudite

and go from liespotting to truth seeking,

kako biste od uočavanja laži došli do traženja istine,

and ultimately to trust building.

i na kraju do razvijanja poverenja.

Now, speaking of trust,

Kada pričamo o poverenju,

ever since I wrote this book, "Liespotting,"

od kako sam napisala knjigu "Liespotting",

no one wants to meet me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no.

niko više ne želi lično da se vidi sa mnom, ne, ne, ne, ne.

They say, "It's okay, we'll email you."

Kažu: "U redu je, poslaću ti elekronsko pismo."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I can't even get a coffee date at Starbucks.

Čak ne mogu ni na kafu u "Starbucks" da odem.

My husband's like, "Honey, deception?

Moj suprug kaže: "Dušo, prevara?

Maybe you could have focused on cooking. How about French cooking?"

Možda si mogla da se fokusiraš na kuvanje. Šta misliš o francuskoj kuhinji?"

So before I get started, what I'm going to do

Pre nego što počnem, prvo ću vam

is I'm going to clarify my goal for you,

objasniti svoj cilj,

which is not to teach a game of Gotcha.

a to nije da vas naučim igri "Uhvatio sam te".

Liespotters aren't those nitpicky kids,

Mala zanovetala iz poslednjih redova koja

those kids in the back of the room that are shouting, "Gotcha! Gotcha!

dovikuju "Uhvatio sam te, uhvatio sam te! Pomerila ti se obrva

Your eyebrow twitched. You flared your nostril.

Proširila ti se nozdrva. Pratim emisiju "Laži me."

I watch that TV show 'Lie To Me.' I know you're lying."

Znam da lažeš!" - nisu suština uočavanja laži.

No, liespotters are armed

Nikako, ljudi koji su trenirani da uoče laž

with scientific knowledge of how to spot deception.

su naučno obrazovani.

They use it to get to the truth,

Oni koriste to umeće kako bi došli do istine,

and they do what mature leaders do everyday;

i rade ono što stasale vođe čine svakog dana;

they have difficult conversations with difficult people,

vode teške razgovore sa teškim ljudima,

sometimes during very difficult times.

ponekada u veoma teškim vremenima.

And they start up that path by accepting a core proposition,

Započinju taj posao prihvatajući

jednu osnovnu pretpostavku,

and that proposition is the following:

zasnovanu na ideji da je

Lying is a cooperative act.

laganje uzajamni čin.

Ukoliko razmislite o tome, uočićete da laž sama po sebi nema značajnost.

Think about it, a lie has no power whatsoever by its mere utterance.

Its power emerges

Moć laganja se pojavljuje u momentu

when someone else agrees to believe the lie.

kada neko pristane da veruje u laž.

So I know it may sound like tough love,

Znam da ovo može da zvuči kao gruba ljubav,

but look, if at some point you got lied to,

ali, ukoliko ste nekada bili slagani,

it's because you agreed to get lied to.

to je usled toga što ste pristali da vas neko laže.

Truth number one about lying: Lying's a cooperative act.

Prva istina koja karakteriše laganje: za laganje je potrebno dvoje.

Now not all lies are harmful.

Nisu sve laži štetne.

Sometimes we're willing participants in deception

Ponekada iz društveno opravdanih razloga

for the sake of social dignity,

svojevoljno pristajemo na prevaru,

maybe to keep a secret that should be kept secret, secret.

možda kako bismo sačuvali tajnu, koja treba da ostane tajna.

We say, "Nice song."

Kažemo: "Lepa pesma."

"Honey, you don't look fat in that, no."

Dušo, ne izgledaš debelo u tome.

Or we say, favorite of the digiratti,

Ili, moja omiljena u informacionim tehnologijama,

"You know, I just fished that email out of my Spam folder.

"Znaš, upravo sam naleteo na tvoje elektronsko pismo u folderu

So sorry."

za neželjenu poštu. Izvini."

But there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception.

Ali isto tako nekada ne pristajemo da budemo deo prevare.

And that can have dramatic costs for us.

To može imati dramatične posledice po nas.

Last year saw 997 billion dollars

Prošle godine smo u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama doživeli pljačku

in corporate fraud alone in the United States.

od 997 milijardi dolara od strane velikih kompanija.

That's an eyelash under a trillion dollars.

To je samo malo manje od trilion dolara.

That's seven percent of revenues.

To je 7% od ukupnih javnih prihoda.

Deception can cost billions.

Prevare mogu koštati bilione.

Think Enron, Madoff, the mortgage crisis.

Pomislite na Enron, Madofa, kreditnu krizu.

Or in the case of double agents and traitors,

Laži dvostrukih špijuna i izdajnika kao

like Robert Hanssen or Aldrich Ames,

što su Robert Hansen ili Aldrih Ejms,

lies can betray our country,

mogu izdati našu zemlju,

they can compromise our security, they can undermine democracy,

mogu ugroziti našu sigurnost, mogu uništiti demokratiju.

they can cause the deaths of those that defend us.

mogu ubiti one koji nas štite.

Deception is actually serious business.

Prevara je u principu ozbiljan posao.

This con man, Henry Oberlander, he was such an effective con man,

Ovaj prevarant, Henri Oberlander,

je bio toliko uspešan prevarant

British authorities say

da britanske vlasti tvrde

he could have undermined the entire banking system of the Western world.

da je mogao da uzdrma celokupan bankarski sistem zapadnog sveta.

And you can't find this guy on Google; you can't find him anywhere.

Ne možete da pronađete ovog tipa nigde, ni na Googlu.

Postoji jedan njegov intervju kada je rekao sledeće.

He was interviewed once, and he said the following.

Rekao je. "Gledajte, ja imam jedno pravilo."

He said, "Look, I've got one rule."

Ovo je Henrijevo pravilo. Rekao je:

And this was Henry's rule, he said,

"Look, everyone is willing to give you something.

"Gledajte, svako je raspoložen da vam pruži nešto.

They're ready to give you something for whatever it is they're hungry for."

Raspoloženi su da vam daju nešto u zamenu za ono za čim žude."

To je srž laganja.

And that's the crux of it.

If you don't want to be deceived, you have to know,

Ukoliko ne želite da budete prevareni, tada morate znati

šta je ono za čim žudite.

what is it that you're hungry for?

And we all kind of hate to admit it.

Nama je zaista teško to da priznamo.

We wish we were better husbands, better wives,

Želeleli bismo da budemo bolji muževi, bolje supruge,

smarter, more powerful, taller, richer --

pametniji, moćniji,

viši, bogatiji,

the list goes on.

nema kraja toj listi.

Lying is an attempt to bridge that gap,

Laganje je pokušaj da premostimo taj jaz,

to connect our wishes and our fantasies

da povežemo naše želje i fantazije

about who we wish we were, how we wish we could be,

o tome šta želimo da budemo, šta želimo da možemo da postanemo,

with what we're really like.

i onoga što zaista jesmo.

And boy are we willing to fill in those gaps in our lives with lies.

Ah, zaista smo spremni da te praznine u našim životima popunimo lažima.

On a given day, studies show that you may be lied to

Studije pokazuju da bilo kog dana možete biti slagani

anywhere from 10 to 200 times.

između 10 i 200 puta.

Now granted, many of those are white lies.

Naravno, u većini slučajeva su to bele laži.

But in another study,

Neka druga studija je pokazala

it showed that strangers lied three times

da nepoznate osobe slažu tri puta

within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other.

u toku prvih 10 minuta poznanstva.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Now when we first hear this data, we recoil.

Mi se zamislimo kada po prvi put čujemo ove podatke.

We can't believe how prevalent lying is.

Ne možemo da poverujemo koliko je zastupljeno laganje.

We're essentially against lying.

Mi smo u principu protiv laganja.

But if you look more closely, the plot actually thickens.

Ukoliko to dublje izanalizirate,

situacija postaje sve komplikovanija.

We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers.

Više lažemo slučajne prolaznike od naših kolega.

Extroverts lie more than introverts.

Ekstrovertni ljudi lažu više od introvertnih.

Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do other people.

Muškarci lažu 8 puta više o sebi

nego o drugim ljudima.

Women lie more to protect other people.

Žene lažu da bi zaštitile druge ljude.

If you're an average married couple,

Ukoliko ste u braku,

you're going to lie to your spouse in one out of every 10 interactions.

slagaćete svog bračnog para

u jednom od 10 razgovora.

Now, you may think that's bad.

Možda mislite da je to loše.

If you're unmarried, that number drops to three.

Ukoliko niste u braku, lažete u 30% razgovora.

Lying's complex.

Laganje je kompleksan fenomen.

It's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives.

Utkano je u način funkcionisanja naše svakodnevice i poslovanja.

We're deeply ambivalent about the truth.

Imamo poprilično kontradiktorne misli o istini.

We parse it out on an as-needed basis,

Pažljivo je analiziramo onda kada nam je to potrebno,

sometimes for very good reasons,

ponekada iz validnih razloga, a u nekim

other times just because we don't understand the gaps in our lives.

drugim slučajevima samo zato što ne razumemo rascepe u našim životima.

That's truth number two about lying.

To je najveća istina o laganju.

We're against lying,

Mi smo protiv laganja,

but we're covertly for it

ali nekako tajno ipak to prihvatamo

in ways that our society has sanctioned for centuries and centuries and centuries.

na načine koji su vekovima bili sakcionisani

od strane društva.

It's as old as breathing.

Staro je koliko i disanje.

It's part of our culture, it's part of our history.

To je deo naše kulture i naše istorije.

Think Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World.

Setite se Dantea, Šekspira,

Biblije, Vesti Sveta.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Lying has evolutionary value to us as a species.

Za nas kao vrstu, laganje ima evolutivni značaj.

Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species,

Istraživači već dugo znaju

da što su vrste inteligentnije,

the larger the neocortex,

njihov neokorteks je veći,

the more likely it is to be deceptive.

i veća je verovatnoća da budu prevaranti.

Now you might remember Koko.

Možda se sećate Koko.

Does anybody remember Koko the gorilla who was taught sign language?

Da li se iko seća gorile Koko koja je naučila govor simbola?

Koko was taught to communicate via sign language.

Koko je naučena da komunicira jezikom simbola.

Here's Koko with her kitten.

Ovo je njeno mače --

It's her cute little, fluffy pet kitten.

To je njeno slatko, malo, mekano mačence.

Koko once blamed her pet kitten for ripping a sink out of the wall.

Koko je jednom optužila mače

da je iščupalo lavabo iz zida.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

We're hardwired to become leaders of the pack.

U našim genima je da postanemo vođe čopora.

It's starts really, really early.

To počinje veoma, veoma rano.

How early?

Koliko rano?

Well babies will fake a cry,

Bebe simuliraju plakanje,

pause, wait to see who's coming

naprave pauzu i sačekaju da vide rezultat

and then go right back to crying.

i ponovo se rasplaču.

One-year-olds learn concealment.

Nakon prve godine naučimo se prikrivanju.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Two-year-olds bluff.

Dvogodišnjaci blefiraju.

Five-year-olds lie outright.

Petogodišnjaci otvoreno lažu.

They manipulate via flattery.

Koriste umiljavanje kako bi manipulisali nama.

Nine-year-olds, masters of the cover-up.

Devetogodišnjaci su majstori prikrivanja činjenica.

By the time you enter college,

Kada upišete studije vi ste na stadijumu

you're going to lie to your mom in one out of every five interactions.

kada svoju majku slažete u jednom od pet razgovora.

By the time we enter this work world and we're breadwinners,

Kada se zaposlimo i zarađujemo novac kojim izdržavamo familiju,

we enter a world that is just cluttered with Spam, fake digital friends,

nađemo se u pomalo konfuznom svetu

punom neželjenih poruka, lažnim virtualnim prijateljima,

partisan media,

politički orijentisanim medijima,

ingenious identity thieves,

naprednim kradljivcima identiteta,

world-class Ponzi schemers,

prvoklasnim tvorcima piramidalnih shema,

a deception epidemic --

rečju, epidemijom prevara --

in short, what one author calls a post-truth society.

ili ako sumiramo sve to, jedan autor zove sve ovo

društvo "post-istine".

It's been very confusing for a long time now.

Sve je to već veoma zbunjujuće

već jako dugo.

What do you do?

Šta treba da uradite?

Well, there are steps we can take to navigate our way through the morass.

Postoje metode koje možemo primeniti kako bismo

uspešno vodili svoj život u takvom jednom blatu.

Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time.

Stručnjaci uspevaju da dođu do istine u 90% slučajeva.

The rest of us, we're only 54 percent accurate.

Mi obični smrtnici, uspevamo u 54% slučajeva.

Why is it so easy to learn?

Zašto je to tako lako naučiti?

There are good liars and bad liars.

Postoje dobri i loši lažovi. Ne postoje pravi, originalni lažovi.

There are no real original liars.

Svi pravimo iste greške. Svi koristimo iste tehnike.

We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques.

Sada ću vam pokazati dva

So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you two patterns of deception.

tipična šablona prevare.

And then we're going to look at the hot spots

Potom ćemo uočiti glavne momente i pokušaćemo sami da ih pronađemo.

and see if we can find them ourselves.

Počećemo sa jednim govorom.

We're going to start with speech.

(Video) Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me.

(Video) Bil Klinton: Želim da me saslušate.

I'm going to say this again.

Ponoviću ovo.

I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.

Nisam imao seksualni odnos

sa tom ženom, gospođicom Levinski.

I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never.

Nikome nikada nisam naredio da laže,

ni jednom, nikada.

And these allegations are false.

Sve te optužbe su lažne.

And I need to go back to work for the American people.

Sada treba da se vratim svom radu za američki narod.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs?

Pamela Mejer: Okej, gde su ovde izdajnički signali?

Well first we heard what's known as a non-contracted denial.

Mogli smo prvo čuti nešto što se zove bezuslovno poricanje.

Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial

Studije pokazuju da će se ljudi koji su zaista usredsređeni na poricanje istine

will resort to formal rather than informal language.

koristiti pre oficijalnim, a ne neformalnim govorom.

We also heard distancing language: "that woman."

Uočili smo takođe i fraze kao što su "ta žena".

We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves

Znamo da će se lažovi podsvesno distancirati

from their subject,

od svojih subjekata

using language as their tool.

koristeći jezik kao svoje oruđe.

Now if Bill Clinton had said, "Well, to tell you the truth ..."

Sada, da je Bil Klinoton rekao: "Pa, iskreno govoreći...."

or Richard Nixon's favorite, "In all candor ..."

ili omiljeni izraz Ričarada Niksona: "Poptuno iskreno..."

he would have been a dead giveaway

potpuno bi razotkrio sebe

for any liespotter that knows

jer svako ko je treniran da uoči laž zna

that qualifying language, as it's called, qualifying language like that,

da alarmirajući način govora, kako se stručno naziva,

further discredits the subject.

samo uspešnije diskredituje osobu.

Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety,

Da smo doslovce ponovili pitanje,

or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail --

ili da je on začinio svoju priču sa previše detalja

and we're all really glad he didn't do that --

a drago nam je da nije to uradio

he would have further discredited himself.

on bi još više diskreditovao sebe.

Freud had it right.

Frojd je to dobro shvatio.

Freud said, look, there's much more to it than speech:

Frojd je rekao da tu postoji mnogo više od samog govora

"No mortal can keep a secret.

"Nijedan čovek ne može da sačuva tajnu.

If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips."

Ukoliko su mu usne zalivene, onda blebeće svojim vrhovima prstiju."

And we all do it no matter how powerful you are.

Svi mi to radimo bez obzira koliko smo moćni.

We all chatter with our fingertips.

Svi se mi odajemo različitim pokretima.

I'm going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama

Pokazaću vam susret Dominik Štraus-Kana i Obame

who's chattering with his fingertips.

koji se prosto oktrio govorom svojih vrhova prstiju.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language.

Ovo nas dovodi do našeg sledećeg šablona,

a to je govor tela.

With body language, here's what you've got to do.

Ovako treba da shvatite govor tela.

You've really got to just throw your assumptions out the door.

Treba da se oslobodite svih predrasuda koje imate.

Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit.

Dozvolite nauci da produbi malo vaše znanje.

Because we think liars fidget all the time.

Mi mislimo da lažovi deluju uznemireno sve vreme.

Well guess what, they're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying.

E pa poznato je da oni prosto ukoče gornji deo tela dok lažu.

Mislimo da nas lažovi neće gledati pravo u oči.

We think liars won't look you in the eyes.

Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much

E pa, oni nas ustvari čak i previše gledaju pravo u oči

kako bi neutralisali taj mit.

just to compensate for that myth.

We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity.

Mislimo da toplina i osmeh

stoje iza poštenja, iskrenosti.

But a trained liespotter can spot a fake smile a mile away.

Iskusni poznavalac signala laganja

može na kilometar uočiti lažan osmeh.

Can you all spot the fake smile here?

Da li svi vi možete da uočite lažan osmeh ovde?

You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks.

Možemo svesno grčiti

mišiće obraza.

But the real smile's in the eyes, the crow's feet of the eyes.

Ali pravi osmeh je u očima.

They cannot be consciously contracted,

Ne možemo svesno kontrahovati mišiće očiju,

especially if you overdid the Botox.

a naročito ne ukoliko ste preterali sa botoksom.

Don't overdo the Botox; nobody will think you're honest.

Ne preterujte sa botoksom, niko neće poverovati da ste iskreni.

Now we're going to look at the hot spots.

Sada ćemo analizirati najvažnije pokazatelje.

Can you tell what's happening in a conversation?

Da li možete da razlučite šta se dešava u ovom razgovoru?

Can you start to find the hot spots

Da li ste u stanju da uočite glavne pokazatelje

to see the discrepancies

protivurečnosti između

between someone's words and someone's actions?

nečijih reči i dela?

Now, I know it seems really obvious,

Znam da deluje očigledno, ali

but when you're having a conversation with someone you suspect of deception,

u razgovoru sa osobom

za koju sumnjate da vas vara,

attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.

sam stav nam govori mnogo više o laganju i istini.

An honest person is going to be cooperative.

Poštena osoba će biti otvorena za saradnju.

They're going to show they're on your side.

Pokazaće vam da su na vašoj strani.

They're going to be enthusiastic.

Biće entuzijastični.

They're going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth.

Biće raspoloženi da vam pomognu da dođete do istine.

Biće raspoloženi da razmene ideje, da imenuje sumnjive osobe,

They're going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects,

da vam kažu detalje.

provide details.

They're going to say,

Rećiće vam: "Slušaj,

"Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks."

možda je tip iz platne službe lažirao čekove."

They're going to be infuriated if they sense they're wrongly accused

Biće jako besni ukoliko osete da su greškom osuđeni

throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes;

tokom celog intervjua, a ne samo s vremena na vreme;

biće besni sve vreme tokom intervjua.

they'll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview.

Ukoliko upitate poštenu osobu

And if you ask someone honest

šta bi trebalo da se desi onome ko je falsifikovao čekove,

what should happen to whomever did forge those checks,

mnogo je verovatnije da će poštena osoba

an honest person is much more likely

predložiti strogu, a ne blagu kaznu.

to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.

Now let's say you're having that exact same conversation

Zamislimo sada da vodite apsolutno isti razgovor

with someone deceptive.

sa nekim ko laže.

That person may be withdrawn,

Osoba može biti nekomunikativna, tiha,

look down, lower their voice,

sklanjaće pogled, pričaće tihim glasom,

pause, be kind of herky-jerky.

praviće česte pauze, delovaće malo sumanuto.

Ask a deceptive person to tell their story,

Ukoliko Vam osoba koja nešto skriva priča priču

they're going to pepper it with way too much detail

začiniće je nepotrebnim detaljima

in all kinds of irrelevant places.

koji su potpuno nevažni.

And then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order.

Ispričaće svoju priču u tačno određenom hronološkom redosledu.

And what a trained interrogator does

Iskusni ispitivač

is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours,

koristi veoma suptilne metode u toku

razgovora koji traje nekoliko sati.

they will ask that person to tell that story backwards,

On zamoli osobu da ispriča istu priču od njenog kraja,

and then they'll watch them squirm,

a onda uoči trenutak kada se neko neugodno meškolji,

and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells.

i analizira koja su to pitanja koja dovode do najneprijatnijih stanja kod ispitanika.

Why do they do that? Well, we all do the same thing.

Zašto to uopšte rade? Pa, mi svi radimo iste stvari.

We rehearse our words,

Mi vežbamo svoju priču,

but we rarely rehearse our gestures.

ali retko uvežbavamo našu gestikulaciju.

We say "yes," we shake our heads "no."

Kažemo "da", a pokretima glave govorimo "ne".

We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders.

Dok pričamo veoma ubedljive priče, lagano ih pak negiramo pokretima ramena.

We commit terrible crimes,

Počinimo užasne zločine,

and we smile at the delight in getting away with it.

ali se naslađujemo spoznajom da smo izmakli kažnjavanju.

Now, that smile is known in the trade as "duping delight."

Taj osmeh je poznat u sferi analize laži kao "podmukli osmeh".

And we're going to see that in several videos moving forward,

Uočićemo taj fenomen u nekoliko video snimaka kasnije,

but we're going to start -- for those of you who don't know him,

a počećemo analizu sa predsedničkim kandidatom

Džonom Edvardsom, ukoliko ne znate ko je ova osoba --

this is presidential candidate John Edwards

who shocked America by fathering a child out of wedlock.

on je zapanjio Ameriku svojim vanbračnim detetom.

We're going to see him talk about getting a paternity test.

Pogledaćemo njegov intervju u kojem priča o proveri očinstva.

See now if you can spot him saying, "yes" while shaking his head "no,"

Potrudite se da uočite momente

kada on kaže "da", a pokretima glave kaže "ne",

slightly shrugging his shoulders.

i neprimetno gestikulira ramenima.

(Video) John Edwards: I'd be happy to participate in one.

(Video) Džon Edvars: Bio bih srećan da uradim test.

I know that it's not possible that this child could be mine,

Znam da je nemoguće da je to dete moje,

because of the timing of events.

jer se prosto vreme događaja ne podudara.

So I know it's not possible.

Tako da znam da je nemoguće.

Happy to take a paternity test, and would love to see it happen.

Bio bih presrećan da odradimo test očinstva,

voleo bih da vidim da se to desi.

Interviewer: Are you going to do that soon? Is there somebody --

Ispitivač: Da li ćete to učiniti uskoro? Da li postoji neko...

JE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test.

DŽE: Pa, ja činim samo jednu stranu jednačine. Ja sam samo jedan deo testa.

But I'm happy to participate in one.

Ali bih bio srećan da uradim taj test.

PM: U redu, pokreti glavom su mnogo uočljiviji

PM: Okay, those head shakes are much easier to spot

kada znate na šta treba da obratite pažnju.

once you know to look for them.

U nekim situacijama osobe imaju

There are going to be times when someone makes one expression

određenu ekspresiju kojom

prikrivaju drugu, koja ipak u jednom momentu ispliva na površinu.

while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash.

Murderers are known to leak sadness.

Poznato je da ubice pokazuju znake tugovanja.

Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand,

Vaš novi poslovni prijatelj se može rukovati sa vama,

celebrate, go out to dinner with you and then leak an expression of anger.

slaviti i izlaziti na večere sa vama,

a onda odjednom možete uočiti bes kod njega.

And we're not all going to become facial expression experts overnight here,

Nećemo mi ovde preko noći postati eksperti u razumevanju facijalne ekspresije,

but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous

ali mogu vas naučiti da prepoznate jedan jako opasan znak, a lako ga je uočiti,

and it's easy to learn,

to je ekspresija nipodaštavanja, prezira.

and that's the expression of contempt.

Now with anger, you've got two people on an even playing field.

U slučaju osećanja besa i dalje govorimo o ravnopravnim odnosima.

It's still somewhat of a healthy relationship.

To i dalje podseća na zdrav odnos.

But when anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed.

Kada se bes pretvori u prezir,

vi ste u potpunosti otpisani.

It's associated with moral superiority.

To je povezano sa moralnom superiornošću.

And for that reason, it's very, very hard to recover from.

Zato je jako teško oporaviti se od toga.

Here's what it looks like.

Baš ovako izgleda.

It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in.

Karakterisan je podignutim i uvučenim

uglom usne.

It's the only asymmetrical expression.

To je jedini asimetrični facijalni izraz.

And in the presence of contempt, whether or not deception follows --

U slučaju prezira,

bez obzira da li tu sledi neka prevera,

and it doesn't always follow --

a ne dešava se svaki put prevara,

look the other way, go the other direction,

bežite od tog dogovora, nađite druge mogućnosti,

reconsider the deal,

porazmilite o ugovorenom dogovoru,

say, "No thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap. Thank you."

recite: "Ne, hvala. Ne želim da dođem na piće. Hvala vam."

Science has surfaced many, many more indicators.

Nauka je došla do još

mnogo,mnogo indikatora.

We know, for example,

Znamo, na primer,

we know liars will shift their blink rate,

da lažovi menjaju učestalost treptanja,

point their feet towards an exit.

usmeravaju svoja stopala ka izlazu.

They will take barrier objects

Postaviće različite stvari kao branik između

and put them between themselves and the person that is interviewing them.

sebe i osobe koja ih ispituje.

They'll alter their vocal tone,

Oni menjaju boju svog glasa,

often making their vocal tone much lower.

i često govore mnogo nižim tonalitetom.

Now here's the deal.

U ovome je caka.

These behaviors are just behaviors.

Ovo je zaista samo ponašanje, putokaz.

They're not proof of deception.

To nikako nije dokaz prevare.

They're red flags.

To su znaci uzbune.

We're human beings.

Svi smo mi ljudska bića.

We make deceptive flailing gestures all over the place all day long.

Mi sami u toku dana napravimo nekoliko gestikulacija koje aludiraju na prevaru.

They don't mean anything in and of themselves.

Sami po sebi, ti signali ne znače ništa.

But when you see clusters of them, that's your signal.

Ali ukoliko uočite niz povezanih indikatora prevare, to je vaš pravi signal.

Look, listen, probe, ask some hard questions,

Gledajte, slušajte, isprobavajte, postavljajte teška pitanja,

get out of that very comfortable mode of knowing,

napustite komfornu zonu sigurnosti,

walk into curiosity mode, ask more questions,

budite radoznali, postavljajte više pitanja,

have a little dignity, treat the person you're talking to with rapport.

pokažite malo poštovanja, pokažite razumevanje prema osobi sa kojom razgovarate.

Don't try to be like those folks on "Law & Order" and those other TV shows

Ne pokušavajte da budete kao ekipa sa TV serije "Law&Order" i drugih serija

koji primenom brutalne sile dovedu subjekte do potčinjenosti.

that pummel their subjects into submission.

Agresivnost nije dobar recept u ovim slučajevima.

Don't be too aggressive, it doesn't work.

Malo smo pričali danas o tome

Now, we've talked a little bit about how to talk to someone who's lying

kako pričati sa nekim ko laže i kako

and how to spot a lie.

je moguće uočiti laž.

And as I promised, we're now going to look at what the truth looks like.

Obećala sam vam takođe da ćemo pričati i o istini, kako istina izgleda.

But I'm going to show you two videos,

Pokazaću vam dva snimka,

two mothers -- one is lying, one is telling the truth.

radi se o dve majke, jedna laže, jedna govori isitnu.

And these were surfaced by researcher David Matsumoto in California.

Pronašao ih je istraživač

Dejvid Matsumoto u Kaliforniji.

And I think they're an excellent example of what the truth looks like.

Mislim da ovi snimci predstavljaju

odličan primer toga kako istina izgleda.

This mother, Diane Downs,

Ova majka, Dajen Dons,

shot her kids at close range,

je upucala sa malog rastojanja svoju decu,

drove them to the hospital while they bled all over the car,

odvezla ih do bolnice,

dok su oni krvarili u kolima,

claimed a scraggy-haired stranger did it.

a ona je trvdila da ih je ubio stranac neugledne kose.

And you'll see when you see the video,

Uvidećete kada pogledate snimak,

she can't even pretend to be an agonizing mother.

da ona čak i ne uspeva da odglumi majku u potpunoj agoniji.

What you want to look for here is an incredible discrepancy

Ono što želite da uočite ovde

je neverovatan rascep

between horrific events that she describes and her very, very cool demeanor.

između užasnih događaja koje ona opisuje

i njenog veoma pribranog stava.

And if you look closely, you'll see duping delight throughout this video.

Ukoliko je pažljivo analizirate, uočićete taj podmukli osmeh tokom celog snimka.

(Video) Diane Downs: At night when I close my eyes,

(Snimak) Dajen Dons: Kada zatvorim oči noću,

vidim samo svoju Kristi kako pruža ruku ka meni dok vozim,

I can see Christie reaching her hand out to me while I'm driving,

i krv koja je konstantno lila iz njenih usta.

and the blood just kept coming out of her mouth.

And that -- maybe it'll fade too with time --

Možda će to nestati sa vremenom,

but I don't think so.

ali sumnjam u to.

That bothers me the most.

To me najviše uznemirava.

PM: Now I'm going to show you a video

PM: Sada ću vam pokazati snimak

of an actual grieving mother, Erin Runnion,

zaista ožalošćene majke, Erin Runion,

confronting her daughter's murderer and torturer in court.

koja se na sudu obraća ubici i mučitelju svoje ćerke.

Here you're going to see no false emotion,

Uočićete ovde prave emocije,

just the authentic expression of a mother's agony.

pravi, autentični izraz agonije majke.

(Video) Erin Runnion: I wrote this statement

(Video) Erin Runion: Napisala sam ovu izjavu na dan treće godišnjice

on the third anniversary of the night you took my baby,

dana kada si oteo moju devojčicu,

i povredio je,

and you hurt her,

and you crushed her,

i uništio je,

you terrified her until her heart stopped.

i prestravljivao si je do momenta kada je njeno srce prestalo da radi.

And she fought, and I know she fought you.

Ona se borila protive tebe, znam da se borila.

But I know she looked at you with those amazing brown eyes,

Znam da te je gledala

svojim divnim smeđim očima,

and you still wanted to kill her.

a ti si i dalje želeo da je ubiješ.

And I don't understand it,

Ja to ne razumem,

and I never will.

i nikada neću razumeti.

PM: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity of those emotions.

PM: U redu, ovde ne postoji sumnja o verodostojnosti emocija.

Now the technology around what the truth looks like

Tehnologija i nauka koja se bavi ispitavanjem istine

is progressing on, the science of it.

je u fazi procvata.

We know, for example,

Znamo da danas imamo

that we now have specialized eye trackers and infrared brain scans,

specijalizovane uređaje za praćenje očiju kao i infracrvene skenere mozga,

MRI's that can decode the signals that our bodies send out

magnenta rezonanca može da pročita signale koje naše telo šalje

when we're trying to be deceptive.

kada pokušavamo da lažemo.

And these technologies are going to be marketed to all of us

Prezentovaće nam ove tehnologije kao

as panaceas for deceit,

ključ za uočavanje prevare,

and they will prove incredibly useful some day.

i sigurno će se jednog dana pokazati kao veoma korisni uređaji.

But you've got to ask yourself in the meantime:

Ali se vi u međuvremenu morate zapitati:

Who do you want on your side of the meeting,

Koga želite da imate na svojoj strani na nekom sastanku,

someone who's trained in getting to the truth

nekoga ko je treniran da nađe put do istine

or some guy who's going to drag a 400-pound electroencephalogram

ili nekog tipa koji nosi sa sobom elekroencefalogram

koji je težak 180kg?

through the door?

Liespotters rely on human tools.

Ljudi koji su trenirani da uoče laži se oslanjaju na ljudsko oruđe.

They know, as someone once said,

Oni znaju, kako to neko jednom reče,

"Character's who you are in the dark."

u tami se pravo lice iskaže.

And what's kind of interesting is that today, we have so little darkness.

Interesantno je baš to da u

današnjem svetu sve postaje transparentno.

Our world is lit up 24 hours a day.

Naš svet je pod budnim okom 24 sata dnevno.

It's transparent with blogs and social networks

Potpuno je transparentan,

sa svim blogovima i socijalnim mrežama

broadcasting the buzz of a whole new generation of people

koje emituju stavove čitave nove generacije ljudi

that have made a choice to live their lives in public.

koji su doneli odluku da žive javnim životom.

It's a much more noisy world.

Svet je mnogo bučniji.

So one challenge we have is to remember,

Izazov koji stoji pred nama

je da zapamtimo da

oversharing, that's not honesty.

preterana otvorenost nije iskrenost.

Our manic tweeting and texting can blind us

Naše manično slanje poruka pomoću raznih medijuma

nas može učiniti slepim za uočavanje

to the fact that the subtleties of human decency -- character integrity --

finih nijansi naše pristojnosti -- karaktera, integriteta --

that's still what matters, that's always what's going to matter.

to je i dalje fenomen koji je relevantan i koji će uvek to biti.

So in this much noisier world,

Tako da u ovom bučnijem svetu,

it might make sense for us

ima smisla

to be just a little bit more explicit about our moral code.

biti malo jasniji u priči o

moralnim standardima.

When you combine the science of recognizing deception

Ukoliko iskombinujete dostignuća nauke koja

with the art of looking, listening,

se bavi prepoznavanjem prevare sa veštinama posmatranja, slušanja,

you exempt yourself from collaborating in a lie.

vi prosto ograđujete sebe od učestvovanja u laži.

You start up that path of being just a little bit more explicit,

Vi pokrećete putanju na kojoj

će ljudi biti malo otvoreniji,

because you signal to everyone around you,

jer saljete signale svima oko vas koji govore:

you say, "Hey, my world, our world, it's going to be an honest one.

"Hej, moj svet, naš svet,

će biti iskreni svet.

My world is going to be one where truth is strengthened

Moj svet će biti svet koji poštuje istinu

and falsehood is recognized and marginalized."

i svet u kojima su prevare prepoznate i marginalizovane."

And when you do that,

Kada to uradite, svet

the ground around you starts to shift just a little bit.

oko vas će se malo promeniti.

And that's the truth. Thank you.

To je istina. Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)