How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | TED

Translator: Margarita Teodoro Reviewer: Schubert Malbas

Okay, now I don't want to alarm anybody in this room,

Okey, sa inyong lahat na nasa silid na ito, huwag sana kayong mangamba,

but it's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar.

pero napansin ko lang

na ang inyong katabi sa kanan ay isang sinungaling.

(Laughter)

(Halakhakan)

Also, the person to your left is a liar.

Ang katabi mo sa kaliwa ay sinungaling rin.

Also the person sitting in your very seats is a liar.

Ang tao na mismong nasa upuan niyo ay sinungaling rin.

We're all liars.

Lahat tayo ay sinungaling.

What I'm going to do today

Ang aking gagawin sa araw na ito

is I'm going to show you what the research says about why we're all liars,

ay ipakita ang pananaliksik na nagsasabing tayong lahat ay sinungaling,

how you can become a liespotter

kung paano maging "liespotter"

and why you might want to go the extra mile

at kung bakit gugustuhin nating

and go from liespotting to truth seeking,

maghanap ng katotohanan mula sa pagkilala ng sinungaling,

and ultimately to trust building.

at higit sa lahat, sa paghubog ng tiwala.

Now, speaking of trust,

Habang pinag-uusapan natin ang tiwala,

ever since I wrote this book, "Liespotting,"

mula ng sinulat ko ang aking libro, "Liespotting,"

no one wants to meet me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no.

walang nang gustong makipagkilala sa akin, ay naku, wala talaga.

They say, "It's okay, we'll email you."

Sinasabi nila, "Sige, mag-e-mail nalang tayo."

(Laughter)

(Halakhakan)

I can't even get a coffee date at Starbucks.

Wala na ring nag-aalok sa akin na mag-kape sa Starbucks.

My husband's like, "Honey, deception?

Sabi ng asawa ko, "Mahal naman, panloloko talaga?

Maybe you could have focused on cooking. How about French cooking?"

Sana sumulat ka nalang ng tungkol sa pagluluto, sa mga lutuing Pranses?"

So before I get started, what I'm going to do

Bago po akong magsimula, ang gagawin ko

is I'm going to clarify my goal for you,

ay ipaliliwanag ko sa inyo ang aking layunin,

which is not to teach a game of Gotcha.

at hindi ito para turuan kayong maglaro ng Huli Ka!

Liespotters aren't those nitpicky kids,

Ang mga "liespotter" - hindi sila yung mga batang makulit,

those kids in the back of the room that are shouting, "Gotcha! Gotcha!

yung mga bata sa likod ng kuwarto na sumisigaw, "Huli ka! Huli ka!

Your eyebrow twitched. You flared your nostril.

Gumalaw ang kilay mo. Lumaki butas ng ilong mo.

I watch that TV show 'Lie To Me.' I know you're lying."

Napanood ko ang 'Lie to Me' sa TV. Alam kong nagsisinungaling ka."

No, liespotters are armed

Hindi ha, gumagamit ang mga "liespotter"

with scientific knowledge of how to spot deception.

ng agham upang kilalanin ang isang panloloko.

They use it to get to the truth,

Ginagamit nila ito upang makamit ang katotohanan,

and they do what mature leaders do everyday;

at ginagawa nila ang gawain ng isang mahusay na pinuno sa araw-araw;

they have difficult conversations with difficult people,

ang pakikipagtalakayan sa mga taong mahirap kausap,

sometimes during very difficult times.

at minsa'y sa di kaaya-ayang pagkakataon.

And they start up that path by accepting a core proposition,

Sinisimulan nila ito

sa paniniwala sa iisang bagay (core proposition),

and that proposition is the following:

at ito ay:

Lying is a cooperative act.

Ang pagsisinungaling ay isang pakikipagtulungan.

Walang kapangyarihan ang isang kasinungalingan kung batay lamang ito sa pagwika.

Think about it, a lie has no power whatsoever by its mere utterance.

Its power emerges

Lumulutang ang kapangyarihan nito

when someone else agrees to believe the lie.

kapag may ibang tao'y naniniwala.

So I know it may sound like tough love,

Marahil ang dating nito ay parang isang masalimuot na pag-ibig,

but look, if at some point you got lied to,

ngunit kung dati ika'y pinagsinungalinan,

it's because you agreed to get lied to.

ito'y dahil sumang-ayon ka sa kasinungalingan.

Truth number one about lying: Lying's a cooperative act.

Ang unang katotohanan: Ang pagsisinungaling ay isang pagtulungan.

Now not all lies are harmful.

Subalit, hindi lahat ng kasinungalingan ay nakakasama.

Sometimes we're willing participants in deception

Minsan tayo'y sumasang-ayon

for the sake of social dignity,

bilang pakitang-tao,

maybe to keep a secret that should be kept secret, secret.

o di kaya, upang maitago ang isang lihim.

We say, "Nice song."

Ika natin, "Maganda ng kanta."

"Honey, you don't look fat in that, no."

"Mahal, hindi ka naman mukhang mataba sa sinusuot mo."

Or we say, favorite of the digiratti,

O di kaya, sinasabi natin ngayon,

"You know, I just fished that email out of my Spam folder.

"Alam mo, nakuha ko lang ang email mo mula sa spam folder ko.

So sorry."

Sorry ha."

But there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception.

Minsan nagiging bahagi tayo ng panloloko na hindi natin gusto.

And that can have dramatic costs for us.

Madalas malaki ang epekto nito sa atin.

Last year saw 997 billion dollars

Noong nakaraan na taon, 997 bilyong dolyares

in corporate fraud alone in the United States.

ang nawala sa Estados Unidos dahil sa mga pandarayang korporasyon.

That's an eyelash under a trillion dollars.

Ang halagang iyan ay halos isang trilyong dolyares.

That's seven percent of revenues.

Iyon ay pitong porsyento ng kabuuang kita.

Deception can cost billions.

Ang halaga ng panloloko ay nasa bilyones.

Think Enron, Madoff, the mortgage crisis.

Enron, Madoff, at ang krisis sa utang.

Or in the case of double agents and traitors,

Sa mga kaso ng mga doble-kara at traydor,

like Robert Hanssen or Aldrich Ames,

tulad nina Robert Hanssen o Aldrich Ames,

lies can betray our country,

napapahamak ang bansa dahil sa kasinungalingan,

they can compromise our security, they can undermine democracy,

banta sa ating seguridad, sa demokrasya,

they can cause the deaths of those that defend us.

at dahilan ng pagkamatay ng mga taong nagtatanggol sa atin.

Deception is actually serious business.

Malaki ang kita sa panloloko.

This con man, Henry Oberlander, he was such an effective con man,

Ang con man na si Henry Oberlander,

isa siyang magaling na manloloko

British authorities say

Ayon sa mga awtoridad sa Inglatera,

he could have undermined the entire banking system of the Western world.

kaya niyang pabagsakin ang buong sistema ng mga bangko sa Kanluran.

And you can't find this guy on Google; you can't find him anywhere.

Hindi niyo siya makikita sa Google; hindi niyo siya makikita kahit saan.

May isang panayam minsan, at sabi niya:

He was interviewed once, and he said the following.

Sabi niya, "Iisa lamang ang aking patakaran."

He said, "Look, I've got one rule."

At ito ang patakaran ni Henry, sabi niya,

And this was Henry's rule, he said,

"Look, everyone is willing to give you something.

"Lahat ng tao ay handang magbigay ng anumang bagay.

They're ready to give you something for whatever it is they're hungry for."

Lahat ng tao ay handang magbigay kung ang kapalit nito ay ang bagay na gustung-gusto nila."

At iyan ang rurok ng lahat.

And that's the crux of it.

If you don't want to be deceived, you have to know,

Kung ayaw mong magpaloko, kailangan mong malaman,

ano ba ang bagay na gustung-gusto mo?

what is it that you're hungry for?

And we all kind of hate to admit it.

Madalas ayaw nating aminin ito.

We wish we were better husbands, better wives,

Gusto nating maging mas mabuting asawa,

smarter, more powerful, taller, richer --

mas matalino, mas makapangyarihan,

mas matangkad, mas mayaman --

the list goes on.

mahaba ang listahan.

Lying is an attempt to bridge that gap,

Ang pagsisinungaling ay pagtatangkang makamit ito,

to connect our wishes and our fantasies

na itugma ang mga inaasam at mga pangarap

about who we wish we were, how we wish we could be,

sa ninanais natin sa sarili, ang mga gusto nating mangyari,

with what we're really like.

sa ating tunay na pagkatao.

And boy are we willing to fill in those gaps in our lives with lies.

Ay! Tunay ngang handa tayong magsinungaling upang punan ang puwang na ito.

On a given day, studies show that you may be lied to

Ayon sa resulta ng pananaliksik, tayo ay pinagsinusungalingan

anywhere from 10 to 200 times.

ng 10 hanggang 200 beses sa isang araw.

Now granted, many of those are white lies.

Marami sa iyon mababaw na kasinungalingan lamang.

But in another study,

Ngunit sa isa pang pananaliksik,

it showed that strangers lied three times

sinasabing tatlong beses na nagsisinungaling sa isa't isa

within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other.

ang dalawang tao sa unang 10 minuto na sila'y magkakilala.

(Laughter)

(Halakhakan)

Now when we first hear this data, we recoil.

Madalas ang unang reaksyon natin ay ang hindi maniwala.

We can't believe how prevalent lying is.

Hindi tayo makapaniwala na laganap ang pagsisinungaling.

We're essentially against lying.

Sa totoo lang, lahat tayo'y ayaw sa pagsisinungaling.

But if you look more closely, the plot actually thickens.

Pero kung masusi niyong aaralin,

hindi pa dito nagtatapos ang kwento.

We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers.

Mas madalas tayong magsinungaling sa mga estranghero kaysa sa mga katrabaho.

Extroverts lie more than introverts.

Mas madalas magsinungaling ang mga palakaibigan kaysa sa mga tahimik.

Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do other people.

Ikawalong beses na mas madalas magsinungaling ang mga lalaki

kaysa sa ibang tao.

Women lie more to protect other people.

Madalas, nagsisinungaling ang mga babae upang mapagtanggol ang ibang tao.

If you're an average married couple,

Kung kayo ay mag-asawa,

you're going to lie to your spouse in one out of every 10 interactions.

makakapagsisinungaling ka sa iyong asawa

ng isang beses sa bawat sampung usapan.

Now, you may think that's bad.

Akala niyo masama na iyan.

If you're unmarried, that number drops to three.

Kung kayo ay dalaga o binata, ang bilang na iyan ay bababa sa tatlo.

Lying's complex.

Sadyang masalimuot ang kasinungalingan.

It's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives.

Ito'y bahagi na ng ating pang-araw-araw na buhay at kalakalan.

We're deeply ambivalent about the truth.

Tayo'y nag-aatubili sa katotohanan.

We parse it out on an as-needed basis,

Ginagawa natin ito batay sa pangangailangan,

sometimes for very good reasons,

minsan ito'y para sa mabuting dahilan,

other times just because we don't understand the gaps in our lives.

at minsan nama'y hindi lang natin maunawaan ang mga kakulangan sa ating buhay.

That's truth number two about lying.

'Yan ang pangalawang katotohanan tungkol sa pagsisinungaling.

We're against lying,

Hindi tayo sang-ayon sa pagsisinungaling,

but we're covertly for it

pero ito'y ating pinapalampas

in ways that our society has sanctioned for centuries and centuries and centuries.

ayon sa panlipunang pagtanggap

na nagmula pa sa ating mga ninuno.

It's as old as breathing.

Kawangis ito ng paghinga.

It's part of our culture, it's part of our history.

Ito'y bahagi ng ating kultura, ng ating kasaysayan.

Think Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World.

Isipin niyo sina Dante, Shakespeare,

ang Bibliya, at Ang Pandaigdigang Balita.

(Laughter)

(Halakhakan)

Lying has evolutionary value to us as a species.

Ang pagsisinungaling ay may kahalagahang ebolusyon sa ating uri.

Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species,

Matagal nang alam ng mga mananaliksik

na ang mga mas-matalinong uri

the larger the neocortex,

ay may mas malaking neocortex,

the more likely it is to be deceptive.

at mas madalas manloko.

Now you might remember Koko.

Naaalala niyo siguro si Koko.

Does anybody remember Koko the gorilla who was taught sign language?

May nakakaalala ba kay Koko, ang gorilyang tinuruan ng wikang pagsenyas?

Koko was taught to communicate via sign language.

Natuto si Kokong makipag-usap sa pamamagitan ng wikang pagsenyas.

Here's Koko with her kitten.

Eto si Koko, kasama ang kanyang kuting.

It's her cute little, fluffy pet kitten.

Ang kanyang maganda, maliit at mahimulmol na alagang-hayop na kuting.

Koko once blamed her pet kitten for ripping a sink out of the wall.

Noong minsan, sinisi ni Koko ang kanyang alagang-hayop na kuting

dahil sinira daw at itinanggal nito sa pader ang lababo.

(Laughter)

(Halakhakan)

We're hardwired to become leaders of the pack.

Hinubog tayong lahat upang maging pinuno ng grupo.

It's starts really, really early.

Maaga talaga itong hinubog sa ating kaalaman.

How early?

Gaano kaaga?

Well babies will fake a cry,

Halimbawa, ang isang sanggol ay pakunwaring iiyak,

pause, wait to see who's coming

titigil nang sandali, maghihintay, titingnan kung may dadating

and then go right back to crying.

tapos iiyak muli.

One-year-olds learn concealment.

Ang mga isang taong gulang ay natututong maglihim.

(Laughter)

(Halakhakan)

Two-year-olds bluff.

Nambobola ang mga dalawang taong gulang.

Five-year-olds lie outright.

Kusang nagsisinungaling ang mga limang taong gulang.

They manipulate via flattery.

Minamanipula sila sa pamamagitan ng pagpuri.

Nine-year-olds, masters of the cover-up.

Ang mga siyam na taong gulang ay napakagaling sa pagkukunwari.

By the time you enter college,

Pagdating ng kolehiyo,

you're going to lie to your mom in one out of every five interactions.

nakapagsinungaling kayo sa inyong nanay ng isa sa bawat limang beses.

By the time we enter this work world and we're breadwinners,

Pagdating naman ng panahong tayo'y nagtatrabaho na,

we enter a world that is just cluttered with Spam, fake digital friends,

nagiging bahagi tayo ng isang mundo kung saan laganap

ang mga spam, pekeng kaibigan sa Internet,

partisan media,

media na may kinikilingan,

ingenious identity thieves,

mga matatalinong magnanakaw ng impormasyon,

world-class Ponzi schemers,

mga nagraraket tulad ng Ponzi schemers,

a deception epidemic --

isang epidemya ng panloloko --

in short, what one author calls a post-truth society.

sa madaling salita, ayon sa isang manunulat,

isang lipunan kung saan hindi na umiiral ang katotohanan.

It's been very confusing for a long time now.

Matagal na panahon na

itong kalituhang ito.

What do you do?

Anong kailangan niyong gawin?

Well, there are steps we can take to navigate our way through the morass.

May ilang mga hakbang

upang tayo'y makaalpas sa masalimuot na daan.

Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time.

Madalas nakikita ng mga bihasang liespotters ang katotohanan 90% ng pagkakataon.

The rest of us, we're only 54 percent accurate.

Tayo, 54 porsyento lamang.

Why is it so easy to learn?

Bakit napakadali nitong matutunan?

There are good liars and bad liars.

Sa pagsisinungaling, may magagaling, at may bano. Walang taong likas na sinungaling.

There are no real original liars.

Lahat tayo'y nagkakamali. Pare-pareho lang ang pamamaraan natin.

We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques.

Kaya ang gagawin ko ngayon

So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you two patterns of deception.

ay ipapakita ko sa inyo ang 2 pamamaraan na ginagamit sa pagsisinungaling.

And then we're going to look at the hot spots

Pagkatapos niyan, titingnan natin ang mga tinatawag na hot spots.

and see if we can find them ourselves.

Mag-uumpisa tayo sa isang talumpati.

We're going to start with speech.

(Video) Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me.

(Bidyo) Bill Clinton: Gusto ko po sanang pakinggan ninyo ako.

I'm going to say this again.

Uulitin ko ang sinabi ko.

I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.

Hindi ako nakipagtalik

sa babaeng iyon, kay Binibining Lewinsky.

I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never.

Kailanman, hindi ko sinabi sa kahit sino na magsinungaling,

ni minsan, di kailanman.

And these allegations are false.

Walang katotohanan ang mga paninindigang ito.

And I need to go back to work for the American people.

At sa ngayon, kailangan kong ituloy ang trabaho ko para sa mga mamamayang Amerikano.

Thank you.

Salamat.

(Applause)

Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs?

Pamela Meyer: Okay, ano ang nakita nating palatandaan?

Well first we heard what's known as a non-contracted denial.

Una sa lahat, narinig natin ang tinatawag na "mahabang pagtanggi".

Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial

Ayon sa mga pananaliksik, ang mga taong sobrang pursigido sa kanilang pagtanggi

will resort to formal rather than informal language.

ay gagamit ng pormal sa halip ng di'pormal na pananalita.

We also heard distancing language: "that woman."

Narinig rin natin ang pananalitang mapaglayo: "ang babaeng iyon."

We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves

Alam natin na ang mga sinungaling ay di' sadyang naglalagay ng pagitan sa kanilang sarili

from their subject,

at ang kanilang tinutukoy

using language as their tool.

sa pamamagitan ng pananalita.

Now if Bill Clinton had said, "Well, to tell you the truth ..."

Kung sakaling sinabi ni Bill Clinton, "Sa totoo lang..."

or Richard Nixon's favorite, "In all candor ..."

o tulad ng paborito ni Richard Nixon, "Sa katunayan..."

he would have been a dead giveaway

siguradong nahuli na siya

for any liespotter that knows

ng mga liespotter na alam na

that qualifying language, as it's called, qualifying language like that,

ang mga pananalitang matapat gaya nito

further discredits the subject.

ay nakaka-sirang puri sa nagpahayag nito.

Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety,

Kung sakali namang inulit niya ang tanong,

or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail --

o kung sakaling nagdagdag siya ng mas madaming detalye --

and we're all really glad he didn't do that --

buti nalang hindi niya tinuloy --

he would have further discredited himself.

siguradong mas lalo niyang sinira ang kanyang puri.

Freud had it right.

Tama nga si Freud.

Freud said, look, there's much more to it than speech:

Sinabi ni Freud, alam niyo, ang pananalita ay isang batayan lamang:

"No mortal can keep a secret.

"Walang tao ang nakakapagtago ng lihim.

If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips."

Kung tahimik ang kanyang labi, nagsasatsat naman ang kanyang mga daliri."

And we all do it no matter how powerful you are.

Ginagawa natin lahat ito, kahit yung mga may-kapangyarihan.

We all chatter with our fingertips.

Sumasatsat tayo sa pamamagitan ng ating mga daliri.

I'm going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama

Ito si Dominique Strauss-Khan noong nasa harap siya ni Obama,

who's chattering with his fingertips.

nagsasatsat ang kanyang mga daliri.

(Laughter)

(Halakhakan)

Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language.

Ngayon, ang susunod na palatandaan:

ang sinasabi ng katawan o body language.

With body language, here's what you've got to do.

Ayon sa sinasabi ng katawan, eto ang kailangan nating gawin:

You've really got to just throw your assumptions out the door.

Kailangan nating iwanan sa pinto ang lahat ng ating haka-haka.

Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit.

Hayaan natin ang siyensya ang maghumpay ng ating kaalaman nang kaunti.

Because we think liars fidget all the time.

Dahil akala lang natin na ang mga sinungaling ay palaging 'di mapakali.

Well guess what, they're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying.

Ang totoo, sadyang tumitigas ang pang-itaas na katawan tuwing sila'y nagsisinungaling.

Akala natin na ang mga sinungaling ay hindi tumitingin sa mata.

We think liars won't look you in the eyes.

Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much

Ang totoo, sadyang tumitingin sila ng husto sa mata

upang baliktarin ang ating akala.

just to compensate for that myth.

We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity.

Akala natin na ang pagiging malapit na loob at pagngiti

ay naglalahad ng pagiging totoo at katapatan.

But a trained liespotter can spot a fake smile a mile away.

Ngunit ang isang dalubhasang liespotter

ay nakakakilala ng pekeng ngiti kahit isang milya pa ang layo.

Can you all spot the fake smile here?

Nakikilala niyo ba ang pekeng ngiti dito?

You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks.

Kayang-kaya ninyong galawin

ang kalamnan ng inyong pisngi.

But the real smile's in the eyes, the crow's feet of the eyes.

Ngunit ang tatak ng ngiti ay nasa mata, sa mga kulubot ng mga mata.

They cannot be consciously contracted,

Hindi 'yan kayang galawin ng isipan lamang,

especially if you overdid the Botox.

lalo na kung nasobrahan ang Botox.

Don't overdo the Botox; nobody will think you're honest.

Kaya huwag pasobrahan ang Botox ha; walang maniniwala sa inyo.

Now we're going to look at the hot spots.

Ngayon naman, tingnan natin ang mga hot spots.

Can you tell what's happening in a conversation?

Alam mo ba ang nangyayari sa isang usapan?

Can you start to find the hot spots

Kaya niyo bang hanapin ang mga hot spots

to see the discrepancies

na nagpapakita

between someone's words and someone's actions?

ng di-tugmang salita sa gawa?

Now, I know it seems really obvious,

Alam ko na napakadali lang nito,

but when you're having a conversation with someone you suspect of deception,

pero kung kayo ang nakikipag-usap

sa isang tao na pinaghihinalaan niyong manloloko,

attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.

ang ugali't saloobin ay ang pinaka-nilalantaw na palatandaan sa lahat.

An honest person is going to be cooperative.

Ang mga totoong tao ay makikipagtulungan.

They're going to show they're on your side.

Ipapakita nila na sila'y nasa inyong panig.

They're going to be enthusiastic.

Sila ay ganado.

They're going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth.

Sila ay buong-loob na tutulong na malaman niyo ang katotohanan.

Sila ay makikipagtalakayan, magsasabi ng mga posibleng salarin,

They're going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects,

at magbibigay ng detalye.

provide details.

They're going to say,

Sasabihin nila, "Naku,

"Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks."

siguro pineke ng mga tao sa payroll ang mga tseke."

They're going to be infuriated if they sense they're wrongly accused

Nangangalit sila kapag sila'y pinagbibintangan

throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes;

habang sila'y nasa panayam, at hindi 'yung pabugso-bugso lang;

sila'y nangangalit sa buong panayam.

they'll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview.

At kung itatanong niyo sa totoong tao

And if you ask someone honest

kung ano ang dapat mangyari sa taong pumeke ng mga tseke,

what should happen to whomever did forge those checks,

mas malamang na sasabihin niyang

an honest person is much more likely

mas mabigat ang parusa nararapat dito.

to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.

Now let's say you're having that exact same conversation

Kunwari ay pare-pareho ang ating pinag-uusapan

with someone deceptive.

sa isang taong nanloloko.

That person may be withdrawn,

Ang taong sinungaling ay maaaring maging tahimik,

look down, lower their voice,

hindi makatingin, bababa ang boses,

pause, be kind of herky-jerky.

titigil ng kaunti, hindi mapakali.

Ask a deceptive person to tell their story,

Tanungin niyo ang isang taong manloloko na ilahad and kanyang istorya,

they're going to pepper it with way too much detail

at siguradong ito'y dadagdagan ng iba't ibang detalye

in all kinds of irrelevant places.

na wala sa lugar.

And then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order.

Madalas, napakapulido ng salaysay nila.

And what a trained interrogator does

Kaya ang ginagawa ng mga eksperto sa pagtatanong

is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours,

ay unti-unti nila itong sinisiyasat

sa loob ng maraming oras,

they will ask that person to tell that story backwards,

at ipapaulit ang salaysay ng pabaligtad,

and then they'll watch them squirm,

at ngayo'y mapapansin ang pamamaluktot,

and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells.

lalo na sa iilang tanong.

Why do they do that? Well, we all do the same thing.

Bakit nila ginagawa ito? Ang totoo, ginagawa din natin iyon.

We rehearse our words,

Ini-insayo natin ang ating pananalita,

but we rarely rehearse our gestures.

ngunit bihira nating ini-ensayo ang ating galaw.

We say "yes," we shake our heads "no."

Sasabihin nating "oo," pero umiiling tayo ng "hindi."

We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders.

Kapani-paniwala na sana ang salaysay, ikinikibit naman natin ang ating balikat.

We commit terrible crimes,

Gumagawa tayo ng krimen,

and we smile at the delight in getting away with it.

at napapangiti tayo kapag hindi tayo nahuli.

Now, that smile is known in the trade as "duping delight."

Ang tawag niyan ay " tuwa dulot ng pagsisinungaling."

And we're going to see that in several videos moving forward,

Makikita natin ito mamaya sa ilang mga bidyo,

but we're going to start -- for those of you who don't know him,

ngunit tayo'y magsisimula sa umpisa -- para doon sa mga 'di nakakakilala sa kanya,

siya ang kandidatong pagkapangulo na si John Edwards

this is presidential candidate John Edwards

who shocked America by fathering a child out of wedlock.

na gumimbal sa Amerika dahil sa pagkakaroon ng anak sa labas.

We're going to see him talk about getting a paternity test.

Makikita natin siyang nakikipagtalakayan tungkol sa pagkuha ng paternity test.

See now if you can spot him saying, "yes" while shaking his head "no,"

Panoorin niyo nang mabuti at tingnan ninyo:

sinasabi niya "oo" habang siya'y umiiling ng "hindi,"

slightly shrugging his shoulders.

at kumikibit ang kanyang balikat.

(Video) John Edwards: I'd be happy to participate in one.

(Bidyo): John Edwards: Masaya akong gawin ito.

I know that it's not possible that this child could be mine,

Alam ko na hindi posibleng anak ko ang batang ito,

because of the timing of events.

dahil sa pagkakasunod-sunod ng pangyayari.

So I know it's not possible.

Alam ko na hindi ito posible.

Happy to take a paternity test, and would love to see it happen.

Masaya akong gagawin ang paternity test,

at nais ko makita kung ano ang mangyayari.

Interviewer: Are you going to do that soon? Is there somebody --

Tagapagtanong: Gagawin niyo ba ito sa lalong madaling panahon? Mayroon bang --

JE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test.

JE: Alam niyo, isang panig lamang ako. Isang panig lang ako sa test na ito.

But I'm happy to participate in one.

Pero masaya akong gawin ito.

PM: Okay, ang mga iling na iyan ay mas madaling makita

PM: Okay, those head shakes are much easier to spot

kung ito'y inyong hinahanap.

once you know to look for them.

May mga pagkakataon

There are going to be times when someone makes one expression

na ang isang tao ay may ipapakitang kaanyuhan sa mukha

habang meron silang tinatago, at lumalabas nalang ito ng bigla.

while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash.

Murderers are known to leak sadness.

Ang mga mamamatay-tao ay kilalang nagpapakita ng kalungkutan.

Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand,

Ang inyong bagong ka-negosyo ay maaaring makipagkamay sa inyo,

celebrate, go out to dinner with you and then leak an expression of anger.

magsaya, sumamang kumain sa labas,

ngunit may natatagong galit pala.

And we're not all going to become facial expression experts overnight here,

Hindi naman natin natututunan ang mga ito agad-agad,

but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous

ngunit may isang bagay akong ituturo na sadyang nakakatakot, at ito'y madaling pag-aralan,

and it's easy to learn,

at iyon ang pagkutya.

and that's the expression of contempt.

Now with anger, you've got two people on an even playing field.

Sa galit, may dalawang taong kasali.

It's still somewhat of a healthy relationship.

Matuturing pa rin itong malusog na relasyon.

But when anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed.

Ngunit kapag ang galit ay naging pagkutya,

kawawa ka.

It's associated with moral superiority.

May kaakibat itong mataas na pagtingin sa sarili.

And for that reason, it's very, very hard to recover from.

At dahil dito, mahirap itong itanggi.

Here's what it looks like.

Ganito ang tinutukoy kong itsura.

It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in.

Kapuna-puna ang pag-angat

at ang paloob na gilid ng labi.

It's the only asymmetrical expression.

Ito ang nag-iisang anyo ng mukha na hindi pantay.

And in the presence of contempt, whether or not deception follows --

At kung ito'y nangungutya,

di natin masisigurong susunod ang panloloko --

and it doesn't always follow --

at 'di naman lagi --

look the other way, go the other direction,

talikuran niyo na, iwasan niyo na,

reconsider the deal,

pag-isipan niyo ang kasunduan,

say, "No thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap. Thank you."

sabihin ninyo, "Hindi na bale, salamat. Hindi na rin ako aakyat para magkape. Salamat."

Science has surfaced many, many more indicators.

Marami pang

maituturo ang agham sa atin tungkol dito.

We know, for example,

Alam natin, halimbawa,

we know liars will shift their blink rate,

na ang mga sinungaling ay mag-iiba ang kisap ng kanilang mata,

point their feet towards an exit.

at ituturo ng kanilang paa ang pinto palabas.

They will take barrier objects

Maglalagay sila ng mga balakid

and put them between themselves and the person that is interviewing them.

sa pagitan nila at ng tagapagtanong.

They'll alter their vocal tone,

Babaguhin nila ang tono ng kanilang boses,

often making their vocal tone much lower.

madalas ito'y bababa.

Now here's the deal.

Ganito 'yan.

These behaviors are just behaviors.

Ang mga ito ay ugali, at ugali lamang.

They're not proof of deception.

Hindi ito patunay ng panloloko.

They're red flags.

Ito'y mga pagbabadya lang.

We're human beings.

Tayo'y mga tao lamang.

We make deceptive flailing gestures all over the place all day long.

Ginagawa natin ang mga tila ugaling panloloko araw-araw.

They don't mean anything in and of themselves.

Hindi ito batayan ng kahit ano man.

But when you see clusters of them, that's your signal.

Pero 'pag ito'y magkakasama, ayan ang inyong batayan.

Look, listen, probe, ask some hard questions,

Tingnan niyo, makinig kayo, usisain niyo, magtanong kayo ng mahirap na tanong,

get out of that very comfortable mode of knowing,

lagpasan ang sitwasyon kung saan kayo komportable,

walk into curiosity mode, ask more questions,

maging mausisa, magtanong palagi,

have a little dignity, treat the person you're talking to with rapport.

bigyang dangal ang sarili at harapin nang mahusay ang kausap.

Don't try to be like those folks on "Law & Order" and those other TV shows

Huwag tularan ang mga nasa "Law & Order" at iba pang palabas ng TV

na pinipilit sumuko ang pinaghihinalaan.

that pummel their subjects into submission.

Huwag maging lubos na mapangahas, hindi ito nakakatulong.

Don't be too aggressive, it doesn't work.

Napag-usapan na natin nang kaunti

Now, we've talked a little bit about how to talk to someone who's lying

kung paano makipag-usap sa isang singungaling

and how to spot a lie.

at kung ano ang palatandaan nito.

And as I promised, we're now going to look at what the truth looks like.

At tulad ng aking pangako, titingnan natin kung ano ang mukha ng katotohanan.

But I'm going to show you two videos,

Meron muna akong ipapakitang dalawang bidyo,

two mothers -- one is lying, one is telling the truth.

2 ina -- 1 nagsisinungaling at 1 nagsasabi ng totoo.

And these were surfaced by researcher David Matsumoto in California.

Ang siyang nagpalabas nito

ay ang mananaliksik na si David Matsumoto mula California.

And I think they're an excellent example of what the truth looks like.

At sa tingin ko, ito'y magandang halimbawa

ng mukha ng katotohanan.

This mother, Diane Downs,

Si Diane Downs, isang ina,

shot her kids at close range,

ay binaril ang kanyang mga anak

drove them to the hospital while they bled all over the car,

at itinakbo sa ospital

habang nauubusan ng dugo ang mga ito sa loob ng kotse,

claimed a scraggy-haired stranger did it.

at gumawa ng kwentong isang estranghero ang bumaril sa kanila.

And you'll see when you see the video,

Sa bidyong ito,

she can't even pretend to be an agonizing mother.

hindi man lang naging kapani-paniwala ang kanyang pighati.

What you want to look for here is an incredible discrepancy

Pansinin niyo dito

ang 'di-pagkakatugma ng

between horrific events that she describes and her very, very cool demeanor.

kakila-kilabot na pangyayari

at ang kanyang manhid na pagkilos.

And if you look closely, you'll see duping delight throughout this video.

At kung papansinin, makikita niyo ang galak na dulot ng panloloko na tinutukoy ko kanina.

(Video) Diane Downs: At night when I close my eyes,

(Bidyo) Diane Downs: Tuwing gabing pinipikit ko ang aking mga mata,

nakikita ko si Christie na pilit inaabot ang aking kamay,

I can see Christie reaching her hand out to me while I'm driving,

habang lumalabas ang dugo sa kanyang bibig.

and the blood just kept coming out of her mouth.

And that -- maybe it'll fade too with time --

At iyan -- siguro mawawala din 'to pagdating ng araw --

but I don't think so.

'di ako alam.

That bothers me the most.

Iyan ang lubos kong kinakatakutan.

PM: Now I'm going to show you a video

PM: Ipapakita ko sa inyo ngayon ang isang bidyo

of an actual grieving mother, Erin Runnion,

ng inang si Erin Runnion, na tunay na nagluluksa

confronting her daughter's murderer and torturer in court.

at dumalo sa korte upang harapin ang pumatay sa kanyang anak na babae.

Here you're going to see no false emotion,

Dito, wala kayong makikitang pekeng damdamin,

just the authentic expression of a mother's agony.

kundi isang tunay na pagluluksa ng isang ina.

(Video) Erin Runnion: I wrote this statement

(Bidyo) Erin Runnion: Sinulat ko ang salaysay na ito sa ikatlong anibersaryo

on the third anniversary of the night you took my baby,

ng pagkamatay ng aking anak nang dahil sa iyo,

sinaktan mo siya,

and you hurt her,

and you crushed her,

winasak mo,

you terrified her until her heart stopped.

at tinakot mo hanggang sa huminto ang kanyang puso.

And she fought, and I know she fought you.

Lumaban siya, alam kong nilabanan ka niya.

But I know she looked at you with those amazing brown eyes,

Alam kong tiningnan ka niya

mula sa kanyang mga kayumangging mata,

and you still wanted to kill her.

at ninais mo pa rin siyang patayin.

And I don't understand it,

Hindi ko ito maintindihan,

and I never will.

hindi kailanman.

PM: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity of those emotions.

PM: Hindi maitatanggi ang katotohanan sa damdaming iyon.

Now the technology around what the truth looks like

Yumayabong lalo ang teknolohiya at agham ng pagtukoy

is progressing on, the science of it.

sa katotohanan.

We know, for example,

Halimbawa

that we now have specialized eye trackers and infrared brain scans,

may mahuhusay na eye trackers at infrared brain scans,

MRI's that can decode the signals that our bodies send out

mga MRI na nakikita ang pagpapahiwatig ng ating katawan

when we're trying to be deceptive.

tuwing tayo’y nagsisinungaling.

And these technologies are going to be marketed to all of us

At ang mga teknolohiyang ito ay ibebenta sa atin

as panaceas for deceit,

bilang sagot sa panloloko,

and they will prove incredibly useful some day.

at ang mga ito’y makakatulong pagdating ng araw.

But you've got to ask yourself in the meantime:

Pero sa ngayon, tanungin ninyo ang inyong sarili:

Who do you want on your side of the meeting,

Sino ang gusto ninyong katabi sa isang kumpulan,

someone who's trained in getting to the truth

isang taong sanay na maghanap ng katotohanan

or some guy who's going to drag a 400-pound electroencephalogram

o isang taong may hawak ng mabigat na EEG

pagpasok ng pinto?

through the door?

Liespotters rely on human tools.

Gumagamit ng kaalamang pantao ang mga lispotter.

They know, as someone once said,

Alam nila, tulad ng sinabi minsan ng isang tao,

"Character's who you are in the dark."

"Ang tunay na pagkatao ay kung sino ka sa dilim."

And what's kind of interesting is that today, we have so little darkness.

At nakakatuwang sabihin na

sa mga panahon ngayon, paminsan-minsan nalang ang kadiliman.

Our world is lit up 24 hours a day.

May liwanag sa mundo ng 24 oras kada araw.

It's transparent with blogs and social networks

Ngayon, walang tinatago

ang mga blogs at social networks

broadcasting the buzz of a whole new generation of people

sa pagpapahayag ng mga saloobin ng bagong henerasyon

that have made a choice to live their lives in public.

na pinipiling ilahad ang kanilang buhay sa madla.

It's a much more noisy world.

Mas maingay na ang mundo kaysa sa dati.

So one challenge we have is to remember,

Ang pinakamalaking hamon

na marapat tandaan,

oversharing, that's not honesty.

na ang lubos-lubos na paglalahad ay hindi nangangahulugang totoo ito.

Our manic tweeting and texting can blind us

Ang ating madalas na pag-tweet at pag-text

ay nakakabulag sa katotohanan na

to the fact that the subtleties of human decency -- character integrity --

ang pagiging simple at disente -- marangal na pagkatao --

that's still what matters, that's always what's going to matter.

iyan pa rin ang pinakamahalaga, higit sa lahat.

So in this much noisier world,

Sa gitna ng ingay na mundo,

it might make sense for us

nararapat siguro

to be just a little bit more explicit about our moral code.

na ipaglaban natin ng husto

ang ating kaugaliang marangal.

When you combine the science of recognizing deception

Kapag pinagsama ang kaalamang pagkikilala ng panloloko

with the art of looking, listening,

at ang sining ng pagpansin at pakikinig,

you exempt yourself from collaborating in a lie.

kayo’y lumalayo sa isang kasinungalingan.

You start up that path of being just a little bit more explicit,

Umpisahan tahakin ang daan

tungo sa pagiging totoo sa mga kilos,

because you signal to everyone around you,

dahil ipinapahayag niyo sa lahat ng nasa paligid niyo,

you say, "Hey, my world, our world, it's going to be an honest one.

sinasabi niyo, "Alam niyo, ang aking mundo, ang ating mundo,

ay magiging makatotohanan.

My world is going to be one where truth is strengthened

Ang aking mundo ay kung saan pinagtitibay ang katotohanan

and falsehood is recognized and marginalized."

at tinutukoy at nilulupig ang kasinungalingan."

And when you do that,

At kapag iyan ang iyong ginawa,

the ground around you starts to shift just a little bit.

unti-unting magbabago ang iyong kapaligiran.

And that's the truth. Thank you.

At 'yan ang katotohanan. Maraming salamat.

(Applause)

(Palakpakan)