How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | TED

23,594,621 views ใƒป 2011-10-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariella Cwikel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Okay, now I don't want to alarm anybody in this room,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืœื—ื™ืฅ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ,
00:20
but it's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™
ืฉื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื›ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจืŸ.
00:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:26
Also, the person to your left is a liar.
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ื•ื’ื, ื”ืื“ื ืœืฉืžืืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจืŸ.
00:29
Also the person sitting in your very seats is a liar.
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ื’ื ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืกื ืฉืœืš ืžืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจืŸ.
00:32
We're all liars.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืงืจื ื™ื.
00:34
What I'm going to do today
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
00:36
is I'm going to show you what the research says about why we're all liars,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืงืจื ื™ื,
00:39
how you can become a liespotter
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื–ื”ื” ืฉืงืจื™ื
00:41
and why you might want to go the extra mile
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืงืฆืช
00:44
and go from liespotting to truth seeking,
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ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ื ืœืจื“ื™ืคืช ืืžืช,
00:47
and ultimately to trust building.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืžื•ืŸ.
00:49
Now, speaking of trust,
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ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืžื•ืŸ,
00:52
ever since I wrote this book, "Liespotting,"
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ืžืื– ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ื",
00:55
no one wants to meet me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคื’ืฉ ืื™ืชื™ ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืœื.
00:58
They say, "It's okay, we'll email you."
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื"ืœ."
01:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:03
I can't even get a coffee date at Starbucks.
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืœืงืคื” ื‘ืกื˜ืืจื‘ืงืก.
01:07
My husband's like, "Honey, deception?
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ "ืžื•ืชืง, ื”ื•ื ืื”?
01:09
Maybe you could have focused on cooking. How about French cooking?"
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฆืจืคืชื™?"
01:12
So before I get started, what I'm going to do
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ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื—ื™ืœ, ืžื” ืฉืืขืฉื”
01:14
is I'm going to clarify my goal for you,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื,
01:17
which is not to teach a game of Gotcha.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืฉืงืจ.
01:19
Liespotters aren't those nitpicky kids,
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ืžื–ื”ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื˜ื˜ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
01:21
those kids in the back of the room that are shouting, "Gotcha! Gotcha!
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืฆื•ืขืงื™ื "ืชืคืกืชื™ ืื•ืชืš!
01:24
Your eyebrow twitched. You flared your nostril.
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ื”ื’ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ืงืคืฆื”. ื”ื ื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœืš ื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
01:27
I watch that TV show 'Lie To Me.' I know you're lying."
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ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” 'ืฉืงืจ ืœื™'. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืงืจ."
01:30
No, liespotters are armed
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ืœื, ืžื–ื”ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื
01:32
with scientific knowledge of how to spot deception.
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ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื”.
01:35
They use it to get to the truth,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืžืช,
01:37
and they do what mature leaders do everyday;
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื;
01:39
they have difficult conversations with difficult people,
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ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืฉื™ื,
01:42
sometimes during very difficult times.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื“.
01:44
And they start up that path by accepting a core proposition,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”
ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
01:48
and that proposition is the following:
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ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ:
01:50
Lying is a cooperative act.
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ืฉืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืืงื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืœืฉืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื›ื•ื— ืจืง ืžืขืฆื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื•.
01:54
Think about it, a lie has no power whatsoever by its mere utterance.
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01:57
Its power emerges
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ื›ื•ื—ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข
01:59
when someone else agrees to believe the lie.
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ืžื”ืกื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืงืจ.
02:01
So I know it may sound like tough love,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื ื•ืงืฉื”,
02:03
but look, if at some point you got lied to,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืจืื•, ืื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืงืจื• ืœื›ื,
02:07
it's because you agreed to get lied to.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืกื›ืžืชื ืฉื™ืฉืงืจื• ืœื›ื.
02:09
Truth number one about lying: Lying's a cooperative act.
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ืืžืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ื: ืฉืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืืงื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
02:12
Now not all lies are harmful.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื.
02:14
Sometimes we're willing participants in deception
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื”ื•ื ืื”
02:17
for the sake of social dignity,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
02:20
maybe to keep a secret that should be kept secret, secret.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืกื•ื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ื“.
02:23
We say, "Nice song."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืฉื™ืจ ื ื—ืžื“".
02:25
"Honey, you don't look fat in that, no."
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"ืžื•ืชืง, ืืชื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื–ื”, ืœื."
02:28
Or we say, favorite of the digiratti,
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื–ื” ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
02:30
"You know, I just fished that email out of my Spam folder.
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"ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืื.
02:33
So sorry."
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ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš."
02:36
But there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ื•ื ืื”.
02:39
And that can have dramatic costs for us.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
02:42
Last year saw 997 billion dollars
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ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื ืจืฉืžื• 997 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
02:45
in corporate fraud alone in the United States.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื ืื” ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื”.
02:49
That's an eyelash under a trillion dollars.
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
02:51
That's seven percent of revenues.
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช.
02:53
Deception can cost billions.
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ื”ื•ื ืื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื.
02:55
Think Enron, Madoff, the mortgage crisis.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื ืจื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื™ื“ื•ืฃ, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช.
02:58
Or in the case of double agents and traitors,
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ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื,
03:01
like Robert Hanssen or Aldrich Ames,
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ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื”ื ืกืŸ ืื• ืืœื“ืจื™ืš ืื™ื™ืžืก,
03:03
lies can betray our country,
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ืฉืงืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš,
03:05
they can compromise our security, they can undermine democracy,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
03:08
they can cause the deaths of those that defend us.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืฉืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื•.
03:11
Deception is actually serious business.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืื” ื”ื™ื ืขืกืง ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
03:14
This con man, Henry Oberlander, he was such an effective con man,
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ื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื ืจื™ ืื•ื‘ืจืœื ื“ืจ,
ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืœื›ืš ื™ืขื™ืœ
03:18
British authorities say
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ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช
03:20
he could have undermined the entire banking system of the Western world.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ืœ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™.
03:23
And you can't find this guy on Google; you can't find him anywhere.
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ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
ืจืื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืคืขื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•,
03:26
He was interviewed once, and he said the following.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ "ืชืจืื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื•ืง ืื—ื“."
03:29
He said, "Look, I've got one rule."
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื ืจื™, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ:
03:31
And this was Henry's rule, he said,
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03:33
"Look, everyone is willing to give you something.
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"ืชืจืื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืš ืžืฉื”ื•.
03:35
They're ready to give you something for whatever it is they're hungry for."
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ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื•, ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”".
ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
03:39
And that's the crux of it.
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03:40
If you don't want to be deceived, you have to know,
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ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืงืจื• ืœื›ื, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื“ืขืช,
ื‘ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉืงื™ื?
03:43
what is it that you're hungry for?
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03:44
And we all kind of hate to admit it.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”.
03:47
We wish we were better husbands, better wives,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:50
smarter, more powerful, taller, richer --
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ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ-
03:54
the list goes on.
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ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืืจื›ืช.
03:56
Lying is an attempt to bridge that gap,
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ืฉืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:58
to connect our wishes and our fantasies
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
04:00
about who we wish we were, how we wish we could be,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
04:03
with what we're really like.
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ืขื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช.
04:06
And boy are we willing to fill in those gaps in our lives with lies.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืงืจื™ื.
04:09
On a given day, studies show that you may be lied to
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื ืชื•ืŸ, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืจืื” ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืงืจื• ืœืš
04:12
anywhere from 10 to 200 times.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 10 ืœ-200 ืคืขืžื™ื.
04:14
Now granted, many of those are white lies.
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ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžืืœื• ื”ื ืฉืงืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
04:17
But in another study,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ,
04:19
it showed that strangers lied three times
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ื–ืจื™ื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื
04:21
within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other.
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ื‘-10 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืจื’ืข ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:25
Now when we first hear this data, we recoil.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืชืขื™ื ืžืื“.
04:28
We can't believe how prevalent lying is.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื.
04:30
We're essentially against lying.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืฉืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™.
04:32
But if you look more closely, the plot actually thickens.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘,
ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืžืกืชื‘ื›ืช.
04:36
We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ืจื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขืžื™ืชื™ื.
04:39
Extroverts lie more than introverts.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื.
04:43
Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do other people.
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆืžื
ืžืืฉืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:48
Women lie more to protect other people.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืงืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:51
If you're an average married couple,
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ืื ืืชื ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
04:54
you're going to lie to your spouse in one out of every 10 interactions.
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ืืชื ืชืฉืงืจื• ืœื‘ืŸ/ ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื›ื
ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš 10 ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช.
04:58
Now, you may think that's bad.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘.
05:00
If you're unmarried, that number drops to three.
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ืื ืืชื ืœื ื ืฉื•ืื™ื, ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืื—ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ.
05:02
Lying's complex.
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ืฉืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš.
05:04
It's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives.
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ื”ื ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจืงื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
05:07
We're deeply ambivalent about the truth.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืืžื‘ื™ื•ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืžืช.
05:09
We parse it out on an as-needed basis,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื•ืจืš,
05:11
sometimes for very good reasons,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“,
05:13
other times just because we don't understand the gaps in our lives.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:16
That's truth number two about lying.
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ื–ื• ื”ืืžืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ื.
05:18
We're against lying,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืฉืงืจื™ื,
05:20
but we're covertly for it
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื“ื™ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื“ื
05:22
in ways that our society has sanctioned for centuries and centuries and centuries.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช
ืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื.
05:26
It's as old as breathing.
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ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ืง ื›ืžื• ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
05:28
It's part of our culture, it's part of our history.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
05:30
Think Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื“ื ื˜ื”, ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ,
ื”ืชื "ืš, ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ื– ืื•ื‘ ื“ื” ื•ื•ืจืœื“.
05:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:38
Lying has evolutionary value to us as a species.
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ืœืฉืงืจ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื›ืžื™ืŸ.
05:40
Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species,
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื–ืžืŸ
ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:44
the larger the neocortex,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืื•ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืก (ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”) ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
05:46
the more likely it is to be deceptive.
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ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืžืื™.
05:48
Now you might remember Koko.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืงื•.
05:50
Does anybody remember Koko the gorilla who was taught sign language?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื’ื•ืจื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื” ืฉืคืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื?
05:53
Koko was taught to communicate via sign language.
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ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืืช ืงื•ืงื• ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืคืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื.
05:56
Here's Koko with her kitten.
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ื”ื ื” ืงื•ืงื• ืขื ื”ื—ืชื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”.
05:58
It's her cute little, fluffy pet kitten.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื—ืชืœืชื•ืœื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื”, ื”ื—ืžื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื”.
06:01
Koko once blamed her pet kitten for ripping a sink out of the wall.
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ืงื•ืงื• ืคืขื ื”ืืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ืชืœืชื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”
ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืชืœืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ืจ ืžื”ืงื™ืจ.
06:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:07
We're hardwired to become leaders of the pack.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
06:09
It's starts really, really early.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
06:11
How early?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืงื“ื?
06:13
Well babies will fake a cry,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื–ื™ื™ืคื• ื‘ื›ื™,
06:15
pause, wait to see who's coming
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ื™ื—ื›ื•, ื™ืจืื• ืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืข
06:17
and then go right back to crying.
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ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช.
06:19
One-year-olds learn concealment.
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ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
06:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:23
Two-year-olds bluff.
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ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืœืคื™ื.
06:25
Five-year-olds lie outright.
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ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื— ื ื—ื•ืฉื”.
06:27
They manipulate via flattery.
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ืคื”.
06:29
Nine-year-olds, masters of the cover-up.
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ื‘ื ื™ ืชืฉืข, ืืžื ื™ ื”ืกืชืจืช ื”ืืžืช.
06:32
By the time you enter college,
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ืขื“ ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื›ืœืœื”,
06:34
you're going to lie to your mom in one out of every five interactions.
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ืืชื” ืชืฉืงืจ ืœืืžื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช.
06:37
By the time we enter this work world and we're breadwinners,
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ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืคืจื ืกื™ื,
06:40
we enter a world that is just cluttered with Spam, fake digital friends,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืฆืฃ
ื‘ืกืคืื, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื,
06:44
partisan media,
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ืžื“ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื–ื ื™ืช,
06:46
ingenious identity thieves,
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ื’ื ื‘ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื›ืžื™ื,
06:48
world-class Ponzi schemers,
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ื’ื ื‘ื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืคื•ื ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
06:50
a deception epidemic --
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ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื”-
06:52
in short, what one author calls a post-truth society.
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื ืœื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืื—ื“,
ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื•ืกื˜-ืืžืช.
06:57
It's been very confusing for a long time now.
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื“ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ
ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ.
07:03
What do you do?
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ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
07:05
Well, there are steps we can take to navigate our way through the morass.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื”.
07:09
Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time.
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ืžื–ื”ื™ ืฉืงืจื ื™ื ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืžืช 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ.
07:12
The rest of us, we're only 54 percent accurate.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื™ืงื™ื ืจืง ื‘ 54 ืื—ื•ื–.
07:15
Why is it so easy to learn?
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ืœืžื” ื›ืœื›ืš ืงืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“?
07:17
There are good liars and bad liars.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืงืจื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืงืจื ื™ื ืจืขื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฉืงืจื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
07:19
There are no real original liars.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช.
07:21
We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques.
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช
07:24
So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you two patterns of deception.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืื”.
07:27
And then we're going to look at the hot spots
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
07:30
and see if we can find them ourselves.
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
07:31
We're going to start with speech.
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07:33
(Video) Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me.
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(ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื‘ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ: ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™.
07:35
I'm going to say this again.
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
07:37
I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื
ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•, ื’ื‘ืจืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืกืงื™.
07:44
I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืงืจ,
ืืฃ ืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืžืขื•ืœื.
07:48
And these allegations are false.
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ื•ื”ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืงืจื™ื•ืช.
07:51
And I need to go back to work for the American people.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
07:53
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
07:55
(Applause)
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07:58
Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs?
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ืคืžืœื” ืžืื™ื™ืจ: ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื”ื ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ื?
08:01
Well first we heard what's known as a non-contracted denial.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช.
08:05
Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื
08:08
will resort to formal rather than informal language.
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ื™ืคื ื• ืœืฉืคื” ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:11
We also heard distancing language: "that woman."
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ื’ื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืฉืคื” ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื: "ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช".
08:14
We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฉืงืจื ื™ื ื™ืจื—ื™ืงื• ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข
08:16
from their subject,
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ืžื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื”ื
08:18
using language as their tool.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคื”.
08:21
Now if Bill Clinton had said, "Well, to tell you the truth ..."
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ืื ื‘ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืืžืช..."
08:24
or Richard Nixon's favorite, "In all candor ..."
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ืื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ ื ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ, "ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืœื‘... "
08:26
he would have been a dead giveaway
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจืžื– ืฉื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
08:28
for any liespotter that knows
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื–ื”ื” ืฉืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข
08:30
that qualifying language, as it's called, qualifying language like that,
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ืฉืฉืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ื’ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”, ืฉืคื” ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื›ื–ื•,
08:33
further discredits the subject.
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ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืง ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:35
Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety,
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ื•ืœื”,
08:38
or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail --
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ืื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื-
08:42
and we're all really glad he didn't do that --
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื“ ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”-
08:44
he would have further discredited himself.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืง ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.
08:46
Freud had it right.
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ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ืฆื“ืง.
08:48
Freud said, look, there's much more to it than speech:
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ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ืืžืจ, ืชืจืื•, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื.
08:51
"No mortal can keep a secret.
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"ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืชืžื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืกื•ื“.
08:54
If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips."
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ืื ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืฉื•ืชืงื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืคื˜ืคื˜ ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•".
08:57
And we all do it no matter how powerful you are.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืชื.
09:00
We all chatter with our fingertips.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืคื˜ืคื˜ื™ื ืขื ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:02
I'm going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama
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ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืจืื•ืก-ืงืื”ืŸ ืขื ืื•ื‘ืžื”
09:05
who's chattering with his fingertips.
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ืฉืžืคื˜ืคื˜ ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
09:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:11
Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื‘ื,
ืฉืคืช ื’ื•ืฃ.
09:17
With body language, here's what you've got to do.
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ืขื ืฉืคืช ื’ื•ืฃ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:20
You've really got to just throw your assumptions out the door.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“.
09:23
Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit.
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ืชื ื• ืœืžื“ืข ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืงืฆืช.
09:25
Because we think liars fidget all the time.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉืงืจื ื™ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
09:28
Well guess what, they're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying.
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ืื– ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”, ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื ืืช ืคืœื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉืงืจื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืกืชื›ืœื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
09:32
We think liars won't look you in the eyes.
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09:34
Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much
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ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”, ื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™
ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก.
09:37
just to compensate for that myth.
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09:38
We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ื›ื™ื
ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื›ื ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืฉืจ.
09:42
But a trained liespotter can spot a fake smile a mile away.
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ืžื–ื”ื” ืฉืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืš ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ ืžืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
09:46
Can you all spot the fake smile here?
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ ื›ืืŸ?
09:50
You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข
ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
09:55
But the real smile's in the eyes, the crow's feet of the eyes.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš ื”ืืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืงืžื˜ื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
09:58
They cannot be consciously contracted,
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช,
10:00
especially if you overdid the Botox.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ื’ื–ืžืชื ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืงืก.
10:02
Don't overdo the Botox; nobody will think you're honest.
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ืืœ ืชื’ื–ื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืงืก, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ื.
10:05
Now we're going to look at the hot spots.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
10:07
Can you tell what's happening in a conversation?
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”?
10:09
Can you start to find the hot spots
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื?
10:12
to see the discrepancies
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช
10:14
between someone's words and someone's actions?
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•?
10:16
Now, I know it seems really obvious,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
10:18
but when you're having a conversation with someone you suspect of deception,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื”
ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืชื•,
10:23
attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื•.
10:26
An honest person is going to be cooperative.
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ืื“ื ื›ื ื” ื™ืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
10:28
They're going to show they're on your side.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœืš.
10:30
They're going to be enthusiastic.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืœื”ื‘.
10:32
They're going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืžืช.
ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื,
10:35
They're going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects,
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ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข.
10:38
provide details.
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10:39
They're going to say,
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ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•, "ื”ื™ื™
10:41
"Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks."
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื–ื™ื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืฆ'ืงื™ื."
10:44
They're going to be infuriated if they sense they're wrongly accused
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ื”ื ื™ื–ืขืžื• ืื ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ืœื-ืขื•ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืคื.
10:47
throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes;
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื–ืงื™ื,
ื”ื ื™ื–ืขืžื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื•.
10:50
they'll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview.
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ื•ืื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื“ื ื™ืฉืจ
10:54
And if you ask someone honest
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ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆ'ืงื™ื,
10:55
what should happen to whomever did forge those checks,
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ืื“ื ื™ืฉืจ ื™ืขื ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™
10:58
an honest person is much more likely
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ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืžืจื—ื.
11:00
to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.
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11:03
Now let's say you're having that exact same conversation
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
11:05
with someone deceptive.
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ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืจืžื” ื•ืžื˜ืขื”.
11:07
That person may be withdrawn,
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื’,
11:09
look down, lower their voice,
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ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ ืžื˜ื”, ื™ื ืžื™ืš ืืช ืงื•ืœื•,
11:11
pause, be kind of herky-jerky.
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ื™ืขืฆื•ืจ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืคืฆื ื™ ื›ื–ื”.
11:13
Ask a deceptive person to tell their story,
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ืื ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืžืื“ื ืฉืžืจืžื” ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื•,
11:15
they're going to pepper it with way too much detail
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ
11:18
in all kinds of irrelevant places.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื.
11:21
And then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order.
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ื”ื ื™ืกืคืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ืงืคื“.
11:24
And what a trained interrogator does
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ
11:26
is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ืขื“ื™ื ื”
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช,
11:30
they will ask that person to tell that story backwards,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื”ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ืœื”,
11:33
and then they'll watch them squirm,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืชืคืชืœ,
11:35
and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells.
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ื•ื™ื–ื”ื” ืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืคื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:38
Why do they do that? Well, we all do the same thing.
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ืœืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”? ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
11:41
We rehearse our words,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
11:43
but we rarely rehearse our gestures.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
11:45
We say "yes," we shake our heads "no."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื›ืŸ", ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืจืืฉื ื• ืœ"ืœื".
11:47
We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืขื™ื ืžืื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืžืขื˜.
11:50
We commit terrible crimes,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืคืฉืขื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื,
11:52
and we smile at the delight in getting away with it.
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ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื ืชืคืกื™ื.
11:55
Now, that smile is known in the trade as "duping delight."
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืขืกืง ืฉืœื ื• ื›"ืขื•ื ื’ ืžื˜ืขื”".
11:58
And we're going to see that in several videos moving forward,
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืงื˜ืขื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš,
12:01
but we're going to start -- for those of you who don't know him,
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ- ืœืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ื’'ื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ื•ืจื“ืก
12:04
this is presidential candidate John Edwards
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12:06
who shocked America by fathering a child out of wedlock.
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ืฉื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
12:09
We're going to see him talk about getting a paternity test.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืื‘ื”ื•ืช.
12:12
See now if you can spot him saying, "yes" while shaking his head "no,"
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืจืื• ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•
ืื•ืžืจ "ื›ืŸ", ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืื•ืช "ืœื",
12:16
slightly shrugging his shoulders.
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ืงืฆืช ืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื.
12:18
(Video) John Edwards: I'd be happy to participate in one.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื’'ื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ื•ืจื“ืก: ืื ื™ ืืฉืžื— ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืื—ืช.
12:20
I know that it's not possible that this child could be mine,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™,
12:23
because of the timing of events.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื.
12:25
So I know it's not possible.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™.
12:27
Happy to take a paternity test, and would love to see it happen.
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ืืฉืžื— ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืื‘ื”ื•ืช,
ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
12:31
Interviewer: Are you going to do that soon? Is there somebody --
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ืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ: ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•-
12:34
JE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test.
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ื’'.ื: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืฆื“ ืื—ื“. ืื ื™ ืจืง ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
12:37
But I'm happy to participate in one.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฉืžื— ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
ืค.ืž: ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืŸ ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™
12:41
PM: Okay, those head shakes are much easier to spot
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ.
12:43
once you know to look for them.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืขื™ื
12:45
There are going to be times when someone makes one expression
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ืขื” ืื—ืช
ืฉืžืกื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื–ื•ืœื’ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื–ืง.
12:49
while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash.
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12:52
Murderers are known to leak sadness.
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ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืžื–ื™ืœื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช.
12:54
Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand,
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ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืš ืื•ืœื™ ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื™ื“,
12:56
celebrate, go out to dinner with you and then leak an expression of anger.
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ื—ื•ื’ื’, ื™ื•ืฆื ืื™ืชืš ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘
ื•ืื– ืชื–ืœื•ื’ ืœื• ื”ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืขืก.
13:01
And we're not all going to become facial expression experts overnight here,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื”ืคื•ืš ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”,
13:04
but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืื—ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื›ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืžืื“, ื•ืงืœื” ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”,
13:07
and it's easy to learn,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื”ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื–.
13:08
and that's the expression of contempt.
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13:10
Now with anger, you've got two people on an even playing field.
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ื‘ื›ืขืก, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื•ื•ื”.
13:13
It's still somewhat of a healthy relationship.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
13:15
But when anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื›ืขืก ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื‘ื•ื–,
ืืชื” ื™ืฆืืช ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
13:19
It's associated with moral superiority.
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ื–ื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช.
13:21
And for that reason, it's very, very hard to recover from.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš, ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื ืžื–ื”.
13:24
Here's what it looks like.
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ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืจืื”.
13:26
It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in.
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ื–ื” ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”
ืฉืžืฉื•ื›ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืคื ื™ืžื”.
13:30
It's the only asymmetrical expression.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืขื” ื”ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
13:33
And in the presence of contempt, whether or not deception follows --
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื–,
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืจืžื”-
13:37
and it doesn't always follow --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื’ื™ืขื”-
13:39
look the other way, go the other direction,
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ืคื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืœืš ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจ,
13:41
reconsider the deal,
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ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงื”,
13:43
say, "No thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap. Thank you."
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ืชื’ื™ื“ "ืœื ืชื•ื“ื”. ืื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืกื™ืช. ืชื•ื“ื”"
13:47
Science has surfaced many, many more indicators.
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ื”ืžื“ืข ื—ืฉืฃ
ืกืžืžื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“.
13:51
We know, for example,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
13:53
we know liars will shift their blink rate,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฉืงืจื ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžืฆืžื•ืฅ ืฉืœื”ื,
13:55
point their feet towards an exit.
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ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”.
13:57
They will take barrier objects
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ื”ื ื™ื™ืงื—ื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื
13:59
and put them between themselves and the person that is interviewing them.
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ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ.
14:02
They'll alter their vocal tone,
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
14:04
often making their vocal tone much lower.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:07
Now here's the deal.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ืข,
14:09
These behaviors are just behaviors.
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ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช.
14:12
They're not proof of deception.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืจืžื”.
14:14
They're red flags.
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ื”ืŸ ื“ื’ืœื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื.
14:16
We're human beings.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ.
14:18
We make deceptive flailing gestures all over the place all day long.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืคื ืคื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
14:21
They don't mean anything in and of themselves.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื›ืฉืขืฆืžืŸ.
14:23
But when you see clusters of them, that's your signal.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœืš.
14:26
Look, listen, probe, ask some hard questions,
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื•, ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื•, ืชื—ืงืจื•, ืชืฉืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช,
14:29
get out of that very comfortable mode of knowing,
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ืฆืื• ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื ื•ื—ื”,
14:32
walk into curiosity mode, ask more questions,
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ื›ื ืกื• ืœืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ืฉืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
14:35
have a little dignity, treat the person you're talking to with rapport.
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ืกื’ืœื• ืงืฆืช ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืื”ื“ื”.
14:38
Don't try to be like those folks on "Law & Order" and those other TV shows
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ืืœ ืชื ืกื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘"ื—ื•ืง ื•ืกื“ืจ" ื•ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•
ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื ื™ืขืชื.
14:42
that pummel their subjects into submission.
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ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื• ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื™, ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
14:44
Don't be too aggressive, it doesn't work.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืงืฆืช
14:47
Now, we've talked a little bit about how to talk to someone who's lying
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ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืงืจ
14:50
and how to spot a lie.
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืงืจ.
14:52
And as I promised, we're now going to look at what the truth looks like.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ืืžืช.
14:55
But I'm going to show you two videos,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ืงื˜ืขื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
14:57
two mothers -- one is lying, one is telling the truth.
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ืฉืชื™ ืืžื”ื•ืช- ืื—ืช ืžืฉืงืจืช, ืื—ืช ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืืžืช.
15:00
And these were surfaced by researcher David Matsumoto in California.
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ื•ืืœื• ืขืœื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืžื˜ืฆื•ืžื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
15:04
And I think they're an excellent example of what the truth looks like.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช
ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ืืžืช.
15:08
This mother, Diane Downs,
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ื”ืืžื ื”ื–ื•, ื“ื™ืืŸ ื“ืื•ื ืก,
15:10
shot her kids at close range,
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ื™ืจืชื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืคืก,
15:12
drove them to the hospital while they bled all over the car,
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ื”ืกื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื“ื™ืžืžื• ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•,
15:16
claimed a scraggy-haired stranger did it.
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ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื–ืจ ืกืชื•ืจ-ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
15:18
And you'll see when you see the video,
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ื•ืชืจืื• ื›ืฉืชืกื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
15:20
she can't even pretend to be an agonizing mother.
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ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืื ืžื™ื•ืกืจืช.
15:22
What you want to look for here is an incredible discrepancy
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคื”
ื”ื™ื ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
15:26
between horrific events that she describes and her very, very cool demeanor.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช
ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื’ ื”ืงืจ ืžืื“ ืฉืœื”.
15:30
And if you look closely, you'll see duping delight throughout this video.
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช "ืขื•ื ื’ ืžื˜ืขื”" ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื˜ืข.
15:33
(Video) Diane Downs: At night when I close my eyes,
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื“ื™ืืŸ ื“ืื•ื ืก: ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื™ื“ ืืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ืช,
15:36
I can see Christie reaching her hand out to me while I'm driving,
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ื•ื”ื“ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ืœื” ืžื”ืคื”.
15:39
and the blood just kept coming out of her mouth.
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15:41
And that -- maybe it'll fade too with time --
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ื•ื–ื”- ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ื“ื”ื” ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ-
15:43
but I don't think so.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช.
15:45
That bothers me the most.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื™.
15:55
PM: Now I'm going to show you a video
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ืค.ืž: ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•
15:57
of an actual grieving mother, Erin Runnion,
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืืžืชื™ืช, ืืจื™ืŸ ืจื ื™ื•ืŸ,
15:59
confronting her daughter's murderer and torturer in court.
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ืฉืžืชืขืžืชืช ืขื ืžื™ ืฉืจืฆื— ื•ืขื™ื ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜.
16:03
Here you're going to see no false emotion,
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ืคื” ืœื ืชืจืื• ืฉื•ื ืจื’ืฉ ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ,
16:05
just the authentic expression of a mother's agony.
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ืจืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื.
16:08
(Video) Erin Runnion: I wrote this statement
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืืจื™ืŸ ืจื ื™ื•ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
16:10
on the third anniversary of the night you took my baby,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ืฉืœื™,
ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ืช ืœื”,
16:13
and you hurt her,
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16:14
and you crushed her,
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ื•ืžื—ืฆืช ืื•ืชื”,
16:16
you terrified her until her heart stopped.
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ืช ืื•ืชื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื” ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืคืขื•ื.
16:20
And she fought, and I know she fought you.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืื‘ืงื”, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืื‘ืงื” ื‘ืš.
16:23
But I know she looked at you with those amazing brown eyes,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ืืœื™ืš
ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
16:27
and you still wanted to kill her.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื™ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื”.
16:30
And I don't understand it,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”,
16:32
and I never will.
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื‘ื™ืŸ.
16:35
PM: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity of those emotions.
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ืค.ืž: ืื•.ืงื™ื™, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
16:39
Now the technology around what the truth looks like
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ืืžืช
16:42
is progressing on, the science of it.
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ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
16:45
We know, for example,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”
16:47
that we now have specialized eye trackers and infrared brain scans,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืกืงื™ืจืช ืžื•ื— ืื™ื ืคืจื-ืื“ื•ืžื”,
16:50
MRI's that can decode the signals that our bodies send out
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ืื.ืืจ.ืื™ื™ ืฉืžืงื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉื“ืจ
16:53
when we're trying to be deceptive.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืจืžื•ืช.
16:55
And these technologies are going to be marketed to all of us
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ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉื•ื•ืงื• ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•
16:58
as panaceas for deceit,
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ื›ืชืจื•ืคืช ืคืœื ืœืžืจืžื”,
17:00
and they will prove incredibly useful some day.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
17:03
But you've got to ask yourself in the meantime:
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื:
17:05
Who do you want on your side of the meeting,
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ืืช ืžื™ ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื”,
17:07
someone who's trained in getting to the truth
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืืžืช
17:10
or some guy who's going to drag a 400-pound electroencephalogram
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ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืื"ื’ ืฉืฉื•ืงืœืช ืžืื” ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืงื™ืœื•
ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืœืช?
17:13
through the door?
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17:14
Liespotters rely on human tools.
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ืžื–ื”ื™ ืฉืงืจื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
17:18
They know, as someone once said,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืคืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
17:20
"Character's who you are in the dark."
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"ืžื™ ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื”".
17:22
And what's kind of interesting is that today, we have so little darkness.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื›ื”.
17:26
Our world is lit up 24 hours a day.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืืจ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”.
17:29
It's transparent with blogs and social networks
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
17:33
broadcasting the buzz of a whole new generation of people
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ืฉืžืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืื–ื– ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื—ื“ืฉ
17:35
that have made a choice to live their lives in public.
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ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
17:38
It's a much more noisy world.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ืขืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:42
So one challenge we have is to remember,
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ืื– ืืชื’ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
ื”ื•ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ,
17:46
oversharing, that's not honesty.
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ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื™ืชืจ- ื–ื• ืœื ื›ื ื•ืช.
17:49
Our manic tweeting and texting can blind us
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ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืคื•ืกืงื™ื
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
17:53
to the fact that the subtleties of human decency -- character integrity --
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ืฉื”ื“ืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช- ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช-
17:56
that's still what matters, that's always what's going to matter.
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
17:59
So in this much noisier world,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ืขืฉ ืžืื“ ื”ื–ื”,
18:01
it might make sense for us
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
18:03
to be just a little bit more explicit about our moral code.
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ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
18:08
When you combine the science of recognizing deception
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ื›ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืจืžื”,
18:10
with the art of looking, listening,
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ืขื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”,
18:12
you exempt yourself from collaborating in a lie.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉืงืจ.
18:15
You start up that path of being just a little bit more explicit,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”
ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื,
18:19
because you signal to everyone around you,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžืกืžืœ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
18:21
you say, "Hey, my world, our world, it's going to be an honest one.
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ื–ืืช ืืžื™ืจื” "ื”ื™ื™, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•,
ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื›ื ื”.
18:26
My world is going to be one where truth is strengthened
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืืžืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช
18:28
and falsehood is recognized and marginalized."
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ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื•ืžื•ืงืข."
18:31
And when you do that,
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ื•ื›ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”,
18:33
the ground around you starts to shift just a little bit.
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ื”ืงืจืงืข ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ืจืง ืงืฆืช.
18:36
And that's the truth. Thank you.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืืžืช. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
18:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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