How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | TED

23,506,620 views ใƒป 2011-10-13

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kyo young Chu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:15
Okay, now I don't want to alarm anybody in this room,
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
00:20
but it's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์™”์–ด์š”
00:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:26
Also, the person to your left is a liar.
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๋˜, ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋„ค์š”
00:29
Also the person sitting in your very seats is a liar.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด์—์š”
00:32
We're all liars.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:34
What I'm going to do today
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด์ธ์ง€,
00:36
is I'm going to show you what the research says about why we're all liars,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
00:39
how you can become a liespotter
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ
00:41
and why you might want to go the extra mile
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ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
00:44
and go from liespotting to truth seeking,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:47
and ultimately to trust building.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
Now, speaking of trust,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
00:52
ever since I wrote this book, "Liespotting,"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด "๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์“ด ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ,
00:55
no one wants to meet me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„, ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‘, ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋„ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”
00:58
They say, "It's okay, we'll email you."
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๋‹ค๋“ค "๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”, ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ๊ป˜์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”
01:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:03
I can't even get a coffee date at Starbucks.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€๋ฒ…์Šค์—์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชป ๋งˆ์…”๋ดค์–ด์š”
01:07
My husband's like, "Honey, deception?
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์ œ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ "์ž๊ธฐ์•ผ, ์†์ž„์ˆ˜?
01:09
Maybe you could have focused on cooking. How about French cooking?"
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ํ , ์š”๋ฆฌ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด๋„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ? ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋•Œ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
01:12
So before I get started, what I'm going to do
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—,
01:14
is I'm going to clarify my goal for you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ ์š”
01:17
which is not to teach a game of Gotcha.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ "Gotcha"๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:19
Liespotters aren't those nitpicky kids,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋’ท์ชฝ์—์„œ
01:21
those kids in the back of the room that are shouting, "Gotcha! Gotcha!
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์—ฐ์‹  "์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค! ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค! ๋ˆˆ์น์ด ์›€์ง์˜€์–ด์š”!
01:24
Your eyebrow twitched. You flared your nostril.
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์ฝง๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์ปค์กŒ์—ˆ์–ด์š”! ๋‚˜ 'Lie to Me' ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”๊ฑฐ ๋‹ค ์•Œ์•„์š”"๋ฅผ ์™ธ์ณ๋Œ€๋ฉฐ
01:27
I watch that TV show 'Lie To Me.' I know you're lying."
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๊ผฌ์น˜๊ผฌ์น˜ ์บ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ผฌ๋งˆ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:30
No, liespotters are armed
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๋„ค, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:32
with scientific knowledge of how to spot deception.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:35
They use it to get to the truth,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:37
and they do what mature leaders do everyday;
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์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:39
they have difficult conversations with difficult people,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ฃ 
01:42
sometimes during very difficult times.
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์—์š”
01:44
And they start up that path by accepting a core proposition,
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์„
ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:48
and that proposition is the following:
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๊ทธ ๋ช…์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:50
Lying is a cooperative act.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‹ค
์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž… ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ํž˜์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:54
Think about it, a lie has no power whatsoever by its mere utterance.
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01:57
Its power emerges
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์˜ ํž˜์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
01:59
when someone else agrees to believe the lie.
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๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ฃ 
02:01
So I know it may sound like tough love,
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ํž˜๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:03
but look, if at some point you got lied to,
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:07
it's because you agreed to get lied to.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
02:09
Truth number one about lying: Lying's a cooperative act.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง„์‹ค์€ '๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:12
Now not all lies are harmful.
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๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:14
Sometimes we're willing participants in deception
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๋•Œ๋ก  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:17
for the sake of social dignity,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:20
maybe to keep a secret that should be kept secret, secret.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
02:23
We say, "Nice song."
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ "๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์™„์ „ ์ข‹๋‹ค" ๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€
02:25
"Honey, you don't look fat in that, no."
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"์ž๊ธด ๊ทธ ์˜ท ์ž…์–ด๋„ ์•ˆ ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•ด๋ณด์—ฌ, ์ „ํ˜€" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ 
02:28
Or we say, favorite of the digiratti,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋Š”,
02:30
"You know, I just fished that email out of my Spam folder.
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"์ €๊ธฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ŠคํŒธ๋ฉ”์ผํ•จ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”
02:33
So sorry."
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์ •๋ง ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
02:36
But there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ์†์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:39
And that can have dramatic costs for us.
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์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
Last year saw 997 billion dollars
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์ž‘๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ 9970์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜
02:45
in corporate fraud alone in the United States.
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ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์ •(๋ถ„์‹ํšŒ๊ณ„)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
That's an eyelash under a trillion dollars.
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์ด ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ 1์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:51
That's seven percent of revenues.
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์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ 7%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”
02:53
Deception can cost billions.
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:55
Think Enron, Madoff, the mortgage crisis.
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์—”๋ก , ๋ฒ„๋‚˜๋“œ ๋งˆ๋„ํ”„, ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
02:58
Or in the case of double agents and traitors,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ•œ์„ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์น˜ ์•„๋ฉ”์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
03:01
like Robert Hanssen or Aldrich Ames,
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์ด์ค‘๊ฐ„์ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”,
03:03
lies can betray our country,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์กฐ๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
03:05
they can compromise our security, they can undermine democracy,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜๊ณ ,
03:08
they can cause the deaths of those that defend us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:11
Deception is actually serious business.
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
This con man, Henry Oberlander, he was such an effective con man,
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์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ธ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ฒ„๋žœ๋”๋Š”
์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:18
British authorities say
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์˜๊ตญ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
03:20
he could have undermined the entire banking system of the Western world.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„œ์–‘์˜ ์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ฐ€ํŠธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:23
And you can't find this guy on Google; you can't find him anywhere.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:26
He was interviewed once, and he said the following.
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ œ๊ฒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”"
03:29
He said, "Look, I've got one rule."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฃฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:31
And this was Henry's rule, he said,
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03:33
"Look, everyone is willing to give you something.
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"์ž, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
03:35
They're ready to give you something for whatever it is they're hungry for."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์ค„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋์–ด์š”"
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:39
And that's the crux of it.
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03:40
If you don't want to be deceived, you have to know,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ์†๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
03:43
what is it that you're hungry for?
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03:44
And we all kind of hate to admit it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธธ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
We wish we were better husbands, better wives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋‚จํŽธ, ์•„๋‚ด์˜€์œผ๋ฉด,
03:50
smarter, more powerful, taller, richer --
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๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ๋” ํž˜์ด ์…Œ์œผ๋ฉด,
ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉด, ๋ถ€์œ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด,
03:54
the list goes on.
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๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:56
Lying is an attempt to bridge that gap,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ,
03:58
to connect our wishes and our fantasies
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์ฆ‰ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š”,
04:00
about who we wish we were, how we wish we could be,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ, ํ™˜์ƒ๊ณผ
04:03
with what we're really like.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:06
And boy are we willing to fill in those gaps in our lives with lies.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ถ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋กœ ๋ฉ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:09
On a given day, studies show that you may be lied to
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
04:12
anywhere from 10 to 200 times.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๊ฑด 10~200๋ฒˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:14
Now granted, many of those are white lies.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์„ ์˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:17
But in another study,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”,
04:19
it showed that strangers lied three times
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฒซ 10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
04:21
within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other.
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3๋ฒˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:25
Now when we first hear this data, we recoil.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ, ์ฃผ์ถคํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:28
We can't believe how prevalent lying is.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
04:30
We're essentially against lying.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:32
But if you look more closely, the plot actually thickens.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด,
๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋”์šฑ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:39
Extroverts lie more than introverts.
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์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ฃ 
04:43
Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do other people.
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„
๋‚จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค 8๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:48
Women lie more to protect other people.
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:51
If you're an average married couple,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
04:54
you're going to lie to your spouse in one out of every 10 interactions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ
10๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘ 1๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:58
Now, you may think that's bad.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:00
If you're unmarried, that number drops to three.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” 3์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:02
Lying's complex.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ฃ 
05:04
It's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์‹ค๋กœ ์งœ์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:07
We're deeply ambivalent about the truth.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
05:09
We parse it out on an as-needed basis,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
05:11
sometimes for very good reasons,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ,
05:13
other times just because we don't understand the gaps in our lives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์ด์• ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:16
That's truth number two about lying.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:18
We're against lying,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
05:20
but we're covertly for it
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์—, ์„ธ๊ธฐ์—, ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
05:22
in ways that our society has sanctioned for centuries and centuries and centuries.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
์•”์•”๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:26
It's as old as breathing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:28
It's part of our culture, it's part of our history.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด์ž ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:30
Think Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World.
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๋‹จํ…Œ, ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด,
์„ฑ๊ฒฝ, ๋‰ด์Šค ์˜ค๋ธŒ ๋” ์›”๋“œ ์ง€(่ชŒ)๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
05:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:38
Lying has evolutionary value to us as a species.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:40
Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€
์–ด๋–ค ์ข…์ด ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก,
05:44
the larger the neocortex,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋‘์—ฝ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก,
05:46
the more likely it is to be deceptive.
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๊ธฐ๋งŒ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:48
Now you might remember Koko.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„  ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:50
Does anybody remember Koko the gorilla who was taught sign language?
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:53
Koko was taught to communicate via sign language.
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์ฝ”์ฝ”๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:56
Here's Koko with her kitten.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฝ”์ฝ”์™€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”
05:58
It's her cute little, fluffy pet kitten.
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์ฝ”์ฝ”์˜ ๊ท€์—ฝ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ํญ์‹ ํญ์‹ ํ•œ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:01
Koko once blamed her pet kitten for ripping a sink out of the wall.
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์ฝ”์ฝ”๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์• ์™„์šฉ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€
๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹ฑํฌ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋œฏ์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์”Œ์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:07
We're hardwired to become leaders of the pack.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ธ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:09
It's starts really, really early.
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์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ฃ 
06:11
How early?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ฐ์ด๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
06:13
Well babies will fake a cry,
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์Œ, ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์œผ๋กœ ์šธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
06:15
pause, wait to see who's coming
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์ž ๊น ๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
06:17
and then go right back to crying.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:19
One-year-olds learn concealment.
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ํ•œ ์‚ด๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:23
Two-year-olds bluff.
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๋‘ ์‚ด์—๋Š” ํ—ˆ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
06:25
Five-year-olds lie outright.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:27
They manipulate via flattery.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ฃ 
06:29
Nine-year-olds, masters of the cover-up.
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9์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ท€์žฌ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:32
By the time you enter college,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์ฏค,
06:34
you're going to lie to your mom in one out of every five interactions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜ 5๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘ 1๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
By the time we enter this work world and we're breadwinners,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค๊ณ , ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
06:40
we enter a world that is just cluttered with Spam, fake digital friends,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ŠคํŒธ๋ฉ”์ผ, ๊ฐ€์งœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค,
ํŽธํ–ฅ๋œ ๋งค์ฒด,
06:44
partisan media,
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์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด ๋„๋‘‘,
06:46
ingenious identity thieves,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์—…์ž,
06:48
world-class Ponzi schemers,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†์ž„์ˆ˜ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ
06:50
a deception epidemic --
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์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•ด์ง„ ์„ธ์ƒ
06:52
in short, what one author calls a post-truth society.
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์ฆ‰, ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ปฌ์€
๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ์ดํ›„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:57
It's been very confusing for a long time now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:03
What do you do?
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๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:05
Well, there are steps we can take to navigate our way through the morass.
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์Œ, ์ด ์ง„๊ตฌ๋  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:09
Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time.
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์ž˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ์ƒ‰์ถœ๊ฐ€๋Š” 90ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:12
The rest of us, we're only 54 percent accurate.
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๊ทธ ์™ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์€, ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง 54ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:15
Why is it so easy to learn?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:17
There are good liars and bad liars.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์›๋ž˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:19
There are no real original liars.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜
07:24
So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you two patterns of deception.
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:27
And then we're going to look at the hot spots
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ์— ์•Œ์•„์ฑŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:30
and see if we can find them ourselves.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์งง์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:31
We're going to start with speech.
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07:33
(Video) Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ œ ๋ง ์ข€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
07:35
I'm going to say this again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:37
I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž, ๋ฅด์œˆ์Šคํ‚ค ์”จ์™€
์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:44
I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never.
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์ „ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„,
๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„, ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:48
And these allegations are false.
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์ด ํ˜์˜๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:51
And I need to go back to work for the American people.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:53
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
(Applause)
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07:58
Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs?
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์ž, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํญ๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:01
Well first we heard what's known as a non-contracted denial.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ถ•์•ฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€์ •'์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:05
Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:08
will resort to formal rather than informal language.
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:11
We also heard distancing language: "that woman."
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ง "๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž" ๋˜ํ•œ ๋“ค๋ ธ์—ˆ์ฃ 
08:14
We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:16
from their subject,
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์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:18
using language as their tool.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:21
Now if Bill Clinton had said, "Well, to tell you the truth ..."
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋นŒ ํด๋ฆฐํ„ด์ด "์Œ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ..."์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
08:24
or Richard Nixon's favorite, "In all candor ..."
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๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ๋‹‰์Šจ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ "๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„์‹ค๋กœ์จ ..."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:26
he would have been a dead giveaway
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ ๋น™์„ฑ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ
08:28
for any liespotter that knows
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๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์œ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋†’์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‚˜
08:30
that qualifying language, as it's called, qualifying language like that,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
08:33
further discredits the subject.
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๊ผผ์ง์—†์ด ์ œ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นŒ ํด๋ฆฐํ„ด์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋‹คํ–‰์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:38
or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
08:42
and we're all really glad he didn't do that --
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ํ•„์š” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์— ํ›„์ถง๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:44
he would have further discredited himself.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:46
Freud had it right.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:48
Freud said, look, there's much more to it than speech:
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ํ”„๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋Š” "๋ฐœํ™” ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
08:51
"No mortal can keep a secret.
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†๋‹ค
08:54
If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips."
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ž…์ˆ ์ด ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์†๋์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:57
And we all do it no matter how powerful you are.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:00
We all chatter with our fingertips.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์† ๋์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:02
I'm going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„๋ฏธ๋‹ˆํฌ ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์Šค์นธ๊ณผ
09:05
who's chattering with his fingertips.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:11
Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฐฐ์šธ ํŒจํ„ด์ธ
์‹ ์ฒด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:17
With body language, here's what you've got to do.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:20
You've really got to just throw your assumptions out the door.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋˜์ง€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:23
Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit.
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๊ณผํ•™์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:25
Because we think liars fidget all the time.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•ˆ์ ˆ๋ถ€์ ˆ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:28
Well guess what, they're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ปฃ๋ปฃํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:32
We think liars won't look you in the eyes.
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09:34
Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์‹ค์€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์‹ ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:37
just to compensate for that myth.
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09:38
We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฐ€
์ •์ง๊ณผ ์ง„์†”ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:42
But a trained liespotter can spot a fake smile a mile away.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ์ƒ‰์ถœ๊ฐ€๋Š”
๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ 1๋งˆ์ผ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:46
Can you all spot the fake smile here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:50
You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
๋ณผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:55
But the real smile's in the eyes, the crow's feet of the eyes.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์—, ๋ˆˆ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊นŒ๋งˆ๊ท€๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:58
They cannot be consciously contracted,
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์€ ์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:00
especially if you overdid the Botox.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณดํ†ก์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งž์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:02
Don't overdo the Botox; nobody will think you're honest.
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๋ณดํ†ก์Šค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งž์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”; ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •์งํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:05
Now we're going to look at the hot spots.
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์ด์ œ ํ•ซ ์ŠคํŒŸ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:07
Can you tell what's happening in a conversation?
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๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:09
Can you start to find the hot spots
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:12
to see the discrepancies
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ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
10:14
between someone's words and someone's actions?
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ํ•ซ ์ŠคํŒŸ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:16
Now, I know it seems really obvious,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
10:18
but when you're having a conversation with someone you suspect of deception,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
10:23
attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.
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ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์‹œ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:26
An honest person is going to be cooperative.
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
They're going to show they're on your side.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํŽธ์— ์„œ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:30
They're going to be enthusiastic.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์—ด์ •์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:32
They're going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์ง„์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์ง„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ ์Šคํ† ๋ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:35
They're going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects,
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์ฃผ์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋Œ€๊ณ , ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:38
provide details.
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10:39
They're going to say,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ "์ €๊ธฐ,
10:41
"Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks."
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„์กฐํ–ˆ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:44
They're going to be infuriated if they sense they're wrongly accused
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
10:47
throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes;
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๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์ผ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋ถˆ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒ ์ฃ 
10:50
they'll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ์ •์งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
10:54
And if you ask someone honest
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์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„์กฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:55
what should happen to whomever did forge those checks,
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์ง„์†”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
10:58
an honest person is much more likely
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์—„ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:00
to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.
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11:03
Now let's say you're having that exact same conversation
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์ด์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
11:05
with someone deceptive.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ 
11:07
That person may be withdrawn,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
11:09
look down, lower their voice,
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์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ, ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ ,
11:11
pause, be kind of herky-jerky.
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๋จธ๋ญ‡๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:13
Ask a deceptive person to tell their story,
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
11:15
they're going to pepper it with way too much detail
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ
11:18
in all kinds of irrelevant places.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์ž˜ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:21
And then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ๋ฆ„์— ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋”ฑ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:24
And what a trained interrogator does
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
11:26
is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
์•„์ฃผ ์ž์ž˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
11:30
they will ask that person to tell that story backwards,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:33
and then they'll watch them squirm,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์‹ฌ๋ฌธ๊ด€์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
11:35
and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells.
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์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:38
Why do they do that? Well, we all do the same thing.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:41
We rehearse our words,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ง์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
11:43
but we rarely rehearse our gestures.
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์ œ์Šค์ณ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•ˆํ•˜์ฃ 
11:45
We say "yes," we shake our heads "no."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ”๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:47
We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฉ๋“ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ง ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋†“๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:50
We commit terrible crimes,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ ,
11:52
and we smile at the delight in getting away with it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด๋ง‘์€ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:55
Now, that smile is known in the trade as "duping delight."
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๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์ชฝ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” "๊ฑฐ์ง“ ๊ธฐ์จ(duping delight)"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:58
And we're going to see that in several videos moving forward,
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:01
but we're going to start -- for those of you who don't know him,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด,
์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋Œ€์„  ์ฃผ์ž์˜€๋˜ ์กด ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:04
this is presidential candidate John Edwards
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12:06
who shocked America by fathering a child out of wedlock.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์™ธ์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‚ณ์€ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:09
We're going to see him talk about getting a paternity test.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์นœ๋ถ€ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:12
See now if you can spot him saying, "yes" while shaking his head "no,"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
"๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜
12:16
slightly shrugging his shoulders.
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์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ง ์›€์ธ ๋ ธ๋‹ค ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
12:18
(Video) John Edwards: I'd be happy to participate in one.
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:20
I know that it's not possible that this child could be mine,
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:23
because of the timing of events.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:25
So I know it's not possible.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•˜๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:27
Happy to take a paternity test, and would love to see it happen.
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์นœ์žํ™•์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์˜๊ณ ,
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:31
Interviewer: Are you going to do that soon? Is there somebody --
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๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ํ•˜์‹ค๊ป€๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:34
JE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test.
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์Œ, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ € ํ˜ผ์ž, ํ˜ผ์ž๋งŒ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:37
But I'm happy to participate in one.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ž, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
12:41
PM: Okay, those head shakes are much easier to spot
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๋ณผ ์ค„๋งŒ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:43
once you know to look for them.
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๊ฐ€๋”์€
12:45
There are going to be times when someone makes one expression
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šฌ์ฉ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ์ถ”๋ฉด์„œ
์–ด๋–ค ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:49
while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash.
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12:52
Murderers are known to leak sadness.
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์‚ด์ธ์ž๋Š” ์Šฌํ””์„ ํ˜๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:54
Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—… ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ํž˜์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:56
celebrate, go out to dinner with you and then leak an expression of anger.
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์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์ด ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
ํ™”๋‚œ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋น„์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:01
And we're not all going to become facial expression experts overnight here,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค๋งŒ์— ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ • ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:04
but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous
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์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:07
and it's easy to learn,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:08
and that's the expression of contempt.
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13:10
Now with anger, you've got two people on an even playing field.
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๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์šด๋™์žฅ์— ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:13
It's still somewhat of a healthy relationship.
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:15
But when anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ 
13:19
It's associated with moral superiority.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋•์  ์šฐ์œ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:21
And for that reason, it's very, very hard to recover from.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:24
Here's what it looks like.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:26
It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in.
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๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ์€ ํ•œ ์ชฝ ์ž…๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:30
It's the only asymmetrical expression.
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์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ‘œ์ •์ด์ฃ 
13:33
And in the presence of contempt, whether or not deception follows --
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๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ๊ฐ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์ดํ›„์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:37
and it doesn't always follow --
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์ด์–ด์ง€๋“  ๋ง๋“ ,
13:39
look the other way, go the other direction,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
13:41
reconsider the deal,
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๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ,
13:43
say, "No thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap. Thank you."
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"์•„๋‡จ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ ์€ ๋” ๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”
13:47
Science has surfaced many, many more indicators.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€
์ฒ™๋„๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:51
We know, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
13:53
we know liars will shift their blink rate,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€,
13:55
point their feet towards an exit.
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๋ฐœ ๋์„ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:57
They will take barrier objects
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„
13:59
and put them between themselves and the person that is interviewing them.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋†“์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:02
They'll alter their vocal tone,
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ†ค์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋ฉด์„œ,
14:04
often making their vocal tone much lower.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ†ค๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:07
Now here's the deal.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
14:09
These behaviors are just behaviors.
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์ด ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:12
They're not proof of deception.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:14
They're red flags.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ  ๊นƒ๋ฐœ ์ฏค ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
14:16
We're human beings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:18
We make deceptive flailing gestures all over the place all day long.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ์žก์ด๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ์ œ์Šค์ณ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:21
They don't mean anything in and of themselves.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์—์„œ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ 
14:23
But when you see clusters of them, that's your signal.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
14:26
Look, listen, probe, ask some hard questions,
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๋ณด๊ณ , ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋˜์ง€์„ธ์š”
14:29
get out of that very comfortable mode of knowing,
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์•Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํŽธํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
14:32
walk into curiosity mode, ask more questions,
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„ธ์š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
14:35
have a little dignity, treat the person you're talking to with rapport.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹œ๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
14:38
Don't try to be like those folks on "Law & Order" and those other TV shows
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"Law & Order : ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ „๋‹ด๋ฐ˜"์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ TV ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
์‹ฌ๋ฌธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณค ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
14:42
that pummel their subjects into submission.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
14:44
Don't be too aggressive, it doesn't work.
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์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
14:47
Now, we've talked a little bit about how to talk to someone who's lying
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
14:50
and how to spot a lie.
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:52
And as I promised, we're now going to look at what the truth looks like.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์† ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ด์ œ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:55
But I'm going to show you two videos,
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์ด์ œ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:57
two mothers -- one is lying, one is telling the truth.
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ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:00
And these were surfaced by researcher David Matsumoto in California.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋งˆ์ธ ๋ชจํ†  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:04
And I think they're an excellent example of what the truth looks like.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”
15:08
This mother, Diane Downs,
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์ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ๋‹ค์ด์• ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์šด์ฆˆ๋Š”
15:10
shot her kids at close range,
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์˜๊ณ ,
15:12
drove them to the hospital while they bled all over the car,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜จ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š”
15:16
claimed a scraggy-haired stranger did it.
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์‚์ฉ ๋งˆ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ„ธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์™€์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:18
And you'll see when you see the video,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
15:20
she can't even pretend to be an agonizing mother.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ธ ์ฒ™๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:22
What you want to look for here is an incredible discrepancy
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ
15:26
between horrific events that she describes and her very, very cool demeanor.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:30
And if you look closely, you'll see duping delight throughout this video.
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๋˜ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์˜์ƒ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:33
(Video) Diane Downs: At night when I close my eyes,
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๋งค์ผ๋ฐค ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ž…์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ํ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋กœ
15:36
I can see Christie reaching her hand out to me while I'm driving,
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์†์„ ๋ป—๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”
15:39
and the blood just kept coming out of her mouth.
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15:41
And that -- maybe it'll fade too with time --
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ๋ ค์กŒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
15:43
but I don't think so.
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์ „ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”
15:45
That bothers me the most.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ผ ๊ดด๋กœ์›Œ์š”
15:55
PM: Now I'm going to show you a video
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์ด์ œ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋น„ํƒ„์— ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ธ
15:57
of an actual grieving mother, Erin Runnion,
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์—๋ฆฐ ๋ฃจ๋‹ˆ์–ธ์ด ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ ๋”ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ดํ•ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
15:59
confronting her daughter's murderer and torturer in court.
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๋งž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:03
Here you're going to see no false emotion,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ๊ฐ์ • ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์ด,
16:05
just the authentic expression of a mother's agony.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค๋œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:08
(Video) Erin Runnion: I wrote this statement
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์ „ ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด ๋”ธ์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„
16:10
on the third anniversary of the night you took my baby,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐค์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3๋…„์งธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚  ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด ๋”ธ์„ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
16:13
and you hurt her,
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16:14
and you crushed her,
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ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
16:16
you terrified her until her heart stopped.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ๋ฉŽ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณตํฌ์— ๋ชฐ์•„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:20
And she fought, and I know she fought you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
16:23
But I know she looked at you with those amazing brown eyes,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋”ธ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ณ ์šด ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ
๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„,
16:27
and you still wanted to kill her.
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๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:30
And I don't understand it,
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๋‚œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ ,
16:32
and I never will.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:35
PM: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity of those emotions.
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์ž, ์ด ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:39
Now the technology around what the truth looks like
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์ง„์‹ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
16:42
is progressing on, the science of it.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:45
We know, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์•„์ดํŠธ๋ž˜์ปค๋‚˜,
16:47
that we now have specialized eye trackers and infrared brain scans,
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์ ์™ธ์„  ๋‡Œ ์Šค์บ”,
16:50
MRI's that can decode the signals that our bodies send out
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
16:53
when we're trying to be deceptive.
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๋ชธ์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” MRI ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:55
And these technologies are going to be marketed to all of us
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋Š”
16:58
as panaceas for deceit,
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๋งŒ๋Šฅ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
17:00
and they will prove incredibly useful some day.
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:03
But you've got to ask yourself in the meantime:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
17:05
Who do you want on your side of the meeting,
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๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
17:07
someone who's trained in getting to the truth
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
17:10
or some guy who's going to drag a 400-pound electroencephalogram
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200kg์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ „๋„ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜†์— ์•‰ํžˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
17:13
through the door?
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17:14
Liespotters rely on human tools.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ์ƒ‰์ถœ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:18
They know, as someone once said,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
17:20
"Character's who you are in the dark."
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"์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:22
And what's kind of interesting is that today, we have so little darkness.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์–ด๋‘ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:26
Our world is lit up 24 hours a day.
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ 
17:29
It's transparent with blogs and social networks
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์€
์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
17:33
broadcasting the buzz of a whole new generation of people
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์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ์‹œ์ฝœ์ฝœํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
17:35
that have made a choice to live their lives in public.
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์™€ SNS ๋•๋ถ„์— ์•„์ฃผ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:38
It's a much more noisy world.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์ฃ 
17:42
So one challenge we have is to remember,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Ÿ์ ์€
"๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ",
17:46
oversharing, that's not honesty.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด "์ •์งํ•จ"์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:49
Our manic tweeting and texting can blind us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด‘์ ์ธ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€
์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:53
to the fact that the subtleties of human decency -- character integrity --
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ’ˆ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ, ์ฆ‰ ์„ฑํ’ˆ, ๊ณ ๊ฒฐํ•จ,
17:56
that's still what matters, that's always what's going to matter.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:59
So in this much noisier world,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง„ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
18:01
it might make sense for us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
18:03
to be just a little bit more explicit about our moral code.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
๋” ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
18:08
When you combine the science of recognizing deception
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์„
18:10
with the art of looking, listening,
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๋ณด๊ณ , ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ,
18:12
you exempt yourself from collaborating in a lie.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์— ๋™์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:15
You start up that path of being just a little bit more explicit,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋”
18:19
because you signal to everyone around you,
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
18:21
you say, "Hey, my world, our world, it's going to be an honest one.
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"์ด๋ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ, ๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€
์ •์งํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ
18:26
My world is going to be one where truth is strengthened
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๋‚ด ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ง„์‹ค์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ ,
18:28
and falsehood is recognized and marginalized."
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๊ฑฐ์ง“์€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€”๊ฑฐ์•ผ
18:31
And when you do that,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
18:33
the ground around you starts to shift just a little bit.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์‚ด์ง ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:36
And that's the truth. Thank you.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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