How to spot a liar | Pamela Meyer | TED

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Okay, now I don't want to alarm anybody in this room,

Ok, sada ne želim uznemiriti nikog u ovoj prostoriji,

but it's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar.

ali upravo sam shvatila

da je osoba desno od vas lažljivac.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Also, the person to your left is a liar.

Također, osoba koja sjedi lijevo od vas je lažljivac.

Also the person sitting in your very seats is a liar.

A i osoba koja sjedi u vašem sjedalu je lažljivac.

We're all liars.

Svi smo lažljivci.

What I'm going to do today

Ono što ću ja danas napraviti

is I'm going to show you what the research says about why we're all liars,

je pokazati vam što istraživanje kaže o tome zašto smo svi lažljivci,

how you can become a liespotter

kako možete uočavati laži

and why you might want to go the extra mile

i zašto bismo mogli poželjeti napraviti korak dalje

and go from liespotting to truth seeking,

i poći od uočavanja laži do traženja istine

and ultimately to trust building.

i na kraju do gradnje povjerenja.

Now, speaking of trust,

Govoreći o povjerenju,

ever since I wrote this book, "Liespotting,"

otkako sam napisala ovu knjigu „Liespotting“

no one wants to meet me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no.

nitko me ne želi upoznati uživo, ne, ne, ne, ne, ne.

They say, "It's okay, we'll email you."

Kažu:“ U redu je, poslat ćemo vam elektronsku poštu.“

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I can't even get a coffee date at Starbucks.

Čak ne mogu dogovoriti niti kavu u Starbucksu.

My husband's like, "Honey, deception?

Moj muž kaže: “Dušo, obmana?

Maybe you could have focused on cooking. How about French cooking?"

Možda si se mogla fokusirati na kuhanje. Što kažeš na francusku kuhinju?“

So before I get started, what I'm going to do

Pa ću ja prije nego što krenem, ono što ću napraviti

is I'm going to clarify my goal for you,

je pojasniti vam svoj cilj,

which is not to teach a game of Gotcha.

a to nije naučiti vas igru „Ulovio sam te!“.

Liespotters aren't those nitpicky kids,

Uočavatelji laži nisu ona sitničava djeca,

those kids in the back of the room that are shouting, "Gotcha! Gotcha!

ona djeca u stražnjem dijelu prostorije koja viču, „Ulovio sam te! Ulovio sam te!

Your eyebrow twitched. You flared your nostril.

Trgnuo si obrvom. Nosnica ti se proširila.

I watch that TV show 'Lie To Me.' I know you're lying."

Ja gledam „Laži mi“. Znam da lažeš.“

No, liespotters are armed

Ne, uočavatelji laži su naoružani

with scientific knowledge of how to spot deception.

znanstvenim saznanjima o tome kako prepoznati obmanu.

They use it to get to the truth,

Oni ju koriste kako bi doprli do istine,

and they do what mature leaders do everyday;

i oni rade ono što zreli vođe čine svaki dan,

they have difficult conversations with difficult people,

vode teške razgovore s teškim ljudima,

sometimes during very difficult times.

ponekad tijekom veoma teških vremena.

And they start up that path by accepting a core proposition,

I oni kreću na taj put

prihvaćajući jedan temeljni problem,

and that proposition is the following:

i taj je problem sljedeći:

Lying is a cooperative act.

Laganje je kooperativni čin.

Razmislite o tome, laž nema apsolutno nikakvu moć samim izgovorom.

Think about it, a lie has no power whatsoever by its mere utterance.

Its power emerges

Njezina moć nastaje

when someone else agrees to believe the lie.

kada netko drugi pristane vjerovati u nju.

So I know it may sound like tough love,

Dakle, ja znam da to možda zvuči kao gruba ljubav,

but look, if at some point you got lied to,

ako vam je u nekom trenutku netko lagao,

it's because you agreed to get lied to.

to je zato jer ste pristali na to da vam se laže.

Truth number one about lying: Lying's a cooperative act.

Istina broj jedan vezana uz laganje: Laganje je kooperativni čin.

Now not all lies are harmful.

Naravno, nisu sve laži štetne.

Sometimes we're willing participants in deception

Katkada smo voljni sudionici u obmani

for the sake of social dignity,

radi socijalnog dostojanstva,

maybe to keep a secret that should be kept secret, secret.

možda kako bismo sačuvali tajnom ono što bi trebalo ostati tajna.

We say, "Nice song."

Kažemo: “Lijepa pjesma.“

"Honey, you don't look fat in that, no."

“Draga, uopće ne izgledaš debelo u tome.“

Or we say, favorite of the digiratti,

Ili kažemo, omiljenu tehnološku,

"You know, I just fished that email out of my Spam folder.

„Znaš, upravo sam izvadio taj mail iz spam foldera.

So sorry."

Oprosti.“

But there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception.

Ali postoje trenuci kada smo nevoljni sudionici u obmani.

And that can have dramatic costs for us.

I to može imati dramatične posljedice za nas.

Last year saw 997 billion dollars

Prošle godine smo vidjeli 997 milijardi dolara

in corporate fraud alone in the United States.

samo u korporativnim prijevarama u Sjedinjenim Državama.

That's an eyelash under a trillion dollars.

A to je samo mali dio bilijuna dolara.

That's seven percent of revenues.

To je sedam posto prihoda.

Deception can cost billions.

Obmana može koštati milijarde.

Think Enron, Madoff, the mortgage crisis.

Sjetite se Enrona, Madoffa, krize s hipotekama.

Or in the case of double agents and traitors,

Ili u slučaju dvostrukih agenata i izdajica

like Robert Hanssen or Aldrich Ames,

poput Roberta Hanssena ili Aldricha Amesa,

lies can betray our country,

laži mogu izdati našu domovinu,

they can compromise our security, they can undermine democracy,

mogu ugroziti našu sigurnost, mogu potkopati demokraciju,

they can cause the deaths of those that defend us.

mogu uzrokovati smrt onih koji nas brane.

Deception is actually serious business.

Obmana je zapravo ozbiljan posao.

This con man, Henry Oberlander, he was such an effective con man,

Ovaj prevarant, Henry Oberlander,

bio je toliko učinkovit prevarant

British authorities say

da britanske vlasti tvrde

he could have undermined the entire banking system of the Western world.

da je mogao minirati cijeli bankovni sustav zapadnog svijeta.

And you can't find this guy on Google; you can't find him anywhere.

I tog tipa ne možete naći na Googleu: nigdje ga ne možete naći.

Bio je intervjuiran jednom i rekao je slijedeće.

He was interviewed once, and he said the following.

Rekao je: “Gledajte, ja imam jedno pravilo.“

He said, "Look, I've got one rule."

A ovo je bilo Henrijevo pravilo. Rekao je:

And this was Henry's rule, he said,

"Look, everyone is willing to give you something.

“Gledajte, svi su vam voljni dati nešto.

They're ready to give you something for whatever it is they're hungry for."

Spremni su vam dati nešto za što god bilo ono čega su gladni.“

I to je srž svega.

And that's the crux of it.

If you don't want to be deceived, you have to know,

Ako ne želite bit prevareni, morate znati,

što je to za čime gladujete?

what is it that you're hungry for?

And we all kind of hate to admit it.

I svi to zapravo mrzimo priznati.

We wish we were better husbands, better wives,

Mi želimo biti bolji muževi, bolje supruge,

smarter, more powerful, taller, richer --

pametniji, moćniji,

viši, bogatiji --

the list goes on.

lista se nastavlja.

Lying is an attempt to bridge that gap,

Laganje je pokušaj da se ta praznina premosti,

to connect our wishes and our fantasies

da se povežu naše želje i naše fantazije

about who we wish we were, how we wish we could be,

o tome tko bi željeli biti, kako bi željeli da možemo biti,

with what we're really like.

s onim što zaista jesmo.

And boy are we willing to fill in those gaps in our lives with lies.

I bome smo itekako voljni ispuniti te praznine u svojim životima laganjem.

On a given day, studies show that you may be lied to

Tijekom bilo kojeg dana, studije pokazuju da vam je bilo lagano

anywhere from 10 to 200 times.

od 10 do 200 puta.

Now granted, many of those are white lies.

Naravno, mnoge od tih laži su nedužne laži.

But in another study,

Ali u drugoj studiji,

it showed that strangers lied three times

pokazala je da si stranci lažu tri puta

within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other.

u prvih deset minuta poznanstva.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now when we first hear this data, we recoil.

Sada, kada prvi put čujemo taj podatak, ustuknemo.

We can't believe how prevalent lying is.

Ne možemo vjerovati koliko je laganje sveobuhvatno.

We're essentially against lying.

U načelu smo protiv laganja.

But if you look more closely, the plot actually thickens.

Ali ako pogledate pobliže,

priča se zapravo zapetljava.

We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers.

Više lažemo strancima nego što lažemo kolegama.

Extroverts lie more than introverts.

Ekstrovertirane osobe lažu više od introvertiranih.

Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do other people.

Muškarci lažu osam puta više o sebi

nego o drugim ljudima.

Women lie more to protect other people.

Žene više lažu da zaštite druge ljude.

If you're an average married couple,

Ako ste prosječan bračni par,

you're going to lie to your spouse in one out of every 10 interactions.

lagat ćete svom supružniku

u jednoj od svakih deset interakcija.

Now, you may think that's bad.

Sada možete pomisliti da je to loše.

If you're unmarried, that number drops to three.

Ako niste u braku, taj broj pada na tri.

Lying's complex.

Laganje je kompleksno.

It's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives.

Utkano je u naše privatne i poslovne živote.

We're deeply ambivalent about the truth.

Duboko smo neodlučni po pitanju istine.

We parse it out on an as-needed basis,

Analiziramo je prema potrebi,

sometimes for very good reasons,

ponekad iz veoma dobrih razloga

other times just because we don't understand the gaps in our lives.

a katkad jednostavno zato jer ne razumijemo praznine u vlastitim životima.

That's truth number two about lying.

To je istina broj dva o laganju.

We're against lying,

Protiv laži smo,

but we're covertly for it

ali postajno smo za njih

in ways that our society has sanctioned for centuries and centuries and centuries.

na načine koje je naše društvo sankcioniralo

stoljećima i stoljećima.

It's as old as breathing.

To je staro kao i disanje.

It's part of our culture, it's part of our history.

Dio je naše kulture, dio je naše povijesti.

Think Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World.

Sjetite se Dantea, Shakespearea,

Biblije, News of the World.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Lying has evolutionary value to us as a species.

Laganje ima evolucionarnu ulogu za nas kao vrstu.

Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species,

Istraživači već jako dugo znaju

da što je vrsta inteligentnija,

the larger the neocortex,

što je veći neokorteks,

the more likely it is to be deceptive.

veća je šansa da bude varljiva.

Now you might remember Koko.

Možda se sjećate Koko.

Does anybody remember Koko the gorilla who was taught sign language?

Sjeća li se itko gorile Koko koju su naučili znakovni jezik?

Koko was taught to communicate via sign language.

Kako je bila naučena da komunicira znakovnim jezikom.

Here's Koko with her kitten.

Ovdje je Koko sa svojim mačetom.

It's her cute little, fluffy pet kitten.

To je njezina slatka mala paperjasta kućna ljubimica.

Koko once blamed her pet kitten for ripping a sink out of the wall.

Koko je jednom optužila svoju mačku

za kidanje umivaonika iz zida.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

We're hardwired to become leaders of the pack.

Mi smo „programirani“ da postanemo vođe čopora.

It's starts really, really early.

To počinje vrlo, vrlo rano.

How early?

Koliko rano?

Well babies will fake a cry,

Pa bebe će odglumiti plač,

pause, wait to see who's coming

stati, pričekati da vide tko dolazi

and then go right back to crying.

i tada se vratiti plakanju.

One-year-olds learn concealment.

Jednogodišnjaci nauče prikrivanje.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Two-year-olds bluff.

Dvogodišnjaci blefiraju.

Five-year-olds lie outright.

Petogodišnjaci izravno lažu.

They manipulate via flattery.

Manipuliraju laskanjem.

Nine-year-olds, masters of the cover-up.

Devetogodišnjaci, majstori u prikrivanju.

By the time you enter college,

Do vremena kada upišete fakultet,

you're going to lie to your mom in one out of every five interactions.

lagat ćete mami u jednoj od svakih pet interakcija.

By the time we enter this work world and we're breadwinners,

Kada dođemo u poslovni svijet i postanemo uzdržavatelji,

we enter a world that is just cluttered with Spam, fake digital friends,

uđemo u svijet koji je jednostavno zakrčen

spamom, lažnim digitalnim prijateljima,

partisan media,

pristranim medijima,

ingenious identity thieves,

genijalnim kradljivcima identiteta,

world-class Ponzi schemers,

klasnim Ponzi prevarantima,

a deception epidemic --

epidemija obmane --

in short, what one author calls a post-truth society.

ukratko, ono što jedan autor naziva

„post-istina“ društvo.

It's been very confusing for a long time now.

To je veoma zbunjujuće

već dugo vremena.

What do you do?

Što učiniti?

Well, there are steps we can take to navigate our way through the morass.

Pa postoje koraci koje možemo poduzeti

kako bismo navigirali kroz tu močvaru.

Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time.

Trenirani uočavatelji laži dođu do istine 90% vremena.

The rest of us, we're only 54 percent accurate.

Mi ostali smo samo 54% točni.

Why is it so easy to learn?

Zašto je to tako lako naučiti?

There are good liars and bad liars.

Postoje dobri lažljivci i postoje loši lažljivci. Ne postoje pravi originalni lažljivci.

There are no real original liars.

Svi radimo iste pogreške. Svi koristimo iste tehnike.

We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques.

Sada ću vam

So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you two patterns of deception.

pokazati dva uzorka obmane.

And then we're going to look at the hot spots

Tada ćemo pogledati aktivna mjesta i vidjeti možemo li ih sami uočiti.

and see if we can find them ourselves.

Počet ćemo s govorom.

We're going to start with speech.

(Video) Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me.

(Video) Bill Clinton: Želim da me poslušate.

I'm going to say this again.

Reći ću ovo ponovno.

I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.

Nisam imao seksualne odnose

s tom ženom, gospođicom Lewinsky.

I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never.

Nikad nisam nikome rekao da laže,

ni jedan jedini put, nikad.

And these allegations are false.

I ovi su navodi lažni.

And I need to go back to work for the American people.

I ja se moram vratiti raditi za američki narod.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs?

Pamela Meyer: Ok, koji su bili izdajnički znakovi?

Well first we heard what's known as a non-contracted denial.

Pa prvo što čujemo je poznato kao neugovoreno poricanje.

Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial

Studije su pokazale da će ljudi koji su previše odlučni u svom poricanju

will resort to formal rather than informal language.

pribjeći formalnom, a ne neformalnom jeziku.

We also heard distancing language: "that woman."

Također smo čuli i jezik udaljavanja „tom ženom“.

We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves

Znamo da će se lažljivci podsvjesno udaljiti

from their subject,

od teme

using language as their tool.

koristeći jezik kao oružje.

Now if Bill Clinton had said, "Well, to tell you the truth ..."

Sada, da je Bill Clinton rekao „Pa, da budem iskren ...“

or Richard Nixon's favorite, "In all candor ..."

ili omiljena Richarda Nixona, „U svoj iskrenosti ...“

he would have been a dead giveaway

bio bi laka meta

for any liespotter that knows

za bilo kojeg uočavatelja laži koji zna

that qualifying language, as it's called, qualifying language like that,

da jezik koji kvalificira, kao što se i zove, jezik koji kvalificira tako,

further discredits the subject.

samo dalje diskreditira subjekt.

Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety,

Da je ponovio pitanje u potpunosti

or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail --

ili začinio svoj iskaz s malo previše detalja --

and we're all really glad he didn't do that --

i svima nam je drago što to nije učinio --

he would have further discredited himself.

samo bi se još više diskreditirao.

Freud had it right.

Freud je bio u pravu.

Freud said, look, there's much more to it than speech:

Freud je rekao, gle tu je puno više od govora:

"No mortal can keep a secret.

“Nijedan smrtnik ne može čuvati tajnu.

If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips."

Ako su mu usne tihe, on čavrlja vrhovima prstiju.“

And we all do it no matter how powerful you are.

I svi to radimo bez obzira na to koliko bili moćni.

We all chatter with our fingertips.

Svi čavrljamo vrhovima prstiju.

I'm going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama

Pokazat ću vam Dominique Strauss-Kahn s Obamom

who's chattering with his fingertips.

koji čavrlja vrhovima prstiju.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language.

To nas dovodi do sljedećeg uzorka,

a to je govor tijela.

With body language, here's what you've got to do.

S govorom tijela, evo što morate učiniti.

You've really got to just throw your assumptions out the door.

Zaista morate jednostavno odbaciti svoje pretpostavke.

Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit.

Pustite znanost da malo pokvari vaše znanje.

Because we think liars fidget all the time.

Jer mi mislimo da se lažljivci neprestano meškolje.

Well guess what, they're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying.

Pogodite što? Oni znaju smrznuti gornji dio tijela kad lažu.

Mislimo da lažljivci neće gledati u oči.

We think liars won't look you in the eyes.

Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much

Pogodite što? Gledaju vas u oči malo previše

kako bi kompenzirali taj mit.

just to compensate for that myth.

We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity.

Mislimo da toplina i osmijeh

znače poštenje, iskrenost.

But a trained liespotter can spot a fake smile a mile away.

Ali trenirani uočavatelj laži

može prepoznati lažan osmijeh na kilometar.

Can you all spot the fake smile here?

Možete li uočiti lažan osmijeh ovdje?

You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks.

Možete svjesno zgrčiti

mišiće u obrazima.

But the real smile's in the eyes, the crow's feet of the eyes.

Ali pravi je osmijeh u očima, naborima kože kraj vanjskih kutova oka.

They cannot be consciously contracted,

Oni ne mogu biti svjesno pomaknuti,

especially if you overdid the Botox.

posebno ako ste pretjerali s Botoxom.

Don't overdo the Botox; nobody will think you're honest.

Nemojte pretjerati s Botoxom; nitko neće misliti da ste iskreni.

Now we're going to look at the hot spots.

Sada ćemo pogledati aktivna mjesta.

Can you tell what's happening in a conversation?

Možete li reći što se događa u razgovoru?

Can you start to find the hot spots

Možete li početi tražiti aktivna mjesta

to see the discrepancies

kako biste vidjeli razlike

between someone's words and someone's actions?

između nečijih riječi i nečijih djela?

Now, I know it seems really obvious,

Znam da se to čini veoma očitim,

but when you're having a conversation with someone you suspect of deception,

ali kada razgovarate

s nekim koga sumnjičite za obmanu,

attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.

držanje je daleko najčešće previđen, ali i najbolji indikator.

An honest person is going to be cooperative.

Iskrena osoba će surađivati.

They're going to show they're on your side.

Pokazat će da je na vašoj strani.

They're going to be enthusiastic.

Bit će entuzijastična.

They're going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth.

Željet će vam pomoći doći do istine.

Bit će spremna s vama mozgati, imenovati sumnjivce,

They're going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects,

ponudit će vam dokaze.

provide details.

They're going to say,

Reći će: „Hej,

"Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks."

Možda su oni tipovi što rade obračun plaća krivotvorili čekove.“

They're going to be infuriated if they sense they're wrongly accused

Razbjesnit će se ako u tijeku intervjuiranja osjete da su pogrešno optuženi,

throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes;

i to ne samo na trenutke,

nego će biti razdražljivi tijekom čitavog postupka intervjuiranja.

they'll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview.

I ako pitate nekog iskrenog,

And if you ask someone honest

što misle da bi se trebalo dogoditi osobi koja je uistinu krivotvorila čekove,

what should happen to whomever did forge those checks,

iskrena osoba prije će

an honest person is much more likely

preporučiti strogu nego blažu kaznu.

to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.

Now let's say you're having that exact same conversation

Pretpostavimo sada da vodite identičan razgovor

with someone deceptive.

s osobom koja laže.

That person may be withdrawn,

Moguće je da će ta osoba biti povučena,

look down, lower their voice,

da će usmjeravati pogled prema dolje, tiho pričati,

pause, be kind of herky-jerky.

zastati, nastojati biti nepredvidljiva.

Ask a deceptive person to tell their story,

Upitate li takvu osobu da vam ispriča svoju priču,

they're going to pepper it with way too much detail

oni će ju začiniti s previše detalja

in all kinds of irrelevant places.

na bezbroj nebitnih mjesta.

And then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order.

I ispričati će vam priču strogo kronološkim redom.

And what a trained interrogator does

Ono što će izvježbani ispitivač učiniti,

is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours,

jest suptilno se vratiti,

i nakon nekoliko sati

they will ask that person to tell that story backwards,

pitati osobu da im priču ispriča unatrag,

and then they'll watch them squirm,

i tada će ih gledati kako se meškolje,

and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells.

i pokušati uočiti koja pitanja proizvode najveći obujam lažnih informacija.

Why do they do that? Well, we all do the same thing.

Zašto to čine? Pa, svi mi radimo tu istu stvar.

We rehearse our words,

Uvježbavamo svoje riječi,

but we rarely rehearse our gestures.

ali rijetko uvježbavamo svoje geste.

We say "yes," we shake our heads "no."

Kažemo „da“, klimamo glavom „ne“.

We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders.

Pričamo vrlo uvjerljive priče, lagano slegnemo ramena.

We commit terrible crimes,

Činimo strašne zločine,

and we smile at the delight in getting away with it.

i smješkajući se naslađujemo što smo se iz nečega izvukli.

Now, that smile is known in the trade as "duping delight."

Danas je taj smiješak poznat kao „podmukli smiješak“.

And we're going to see that in several videos moving forward,

I to ćemo upravo vidjeti u nekoliko videa,

but we're going to start -- for those of you who don't know him,

početi ćemo sa -- za one koji ga ne znaju,

ovo je predsjednički kandidat John Edwards

this is presidential candidate John Edwards

who shocked America by fathering a child out of wedlock.

koji je šokirao Ameriku svojim zakonski nepriznatim djetetom.

We're going to see him talk about getting a paternity test.

Vidjeti ćemo kako govori o testiranju očinstva.

See now if you can spot him saying, "yes" while shaking his head "no,"

Pokušajte uočiti kako

klima glavom „ne“ dok govori „da“,

slightly shrugging his shoulders.

i lagano sliježe ramenima.

(Video) John Edwards: I'd be happy to participate in one.

(Video) John Edwards: Drage ću volje sudjelovati.

I know that it's not possible that this child could be mine,

Znam da nije moguće da je to dijete moje,

because of the timing of events.

zbog vremenskih okolnosti.

So I know it's not possible.

Tako da znam da to nije moguće.

Happy to take a paternity test, and would love to see it happen.

Rado ću se testirati na očinstvo

i volio bi da do njega dođe.

Interviewer: Are you going to do that soon? Is there somebody --

Ispitivač: Hoćete li test obaviti uskoro? Postoji li netko --

JE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test.

JE.: Pa, ja sam samo jedna strana tog testa.

But I'm happy to participate in one.

Ali rado ću sudjelovati u testiranju.

PM.: Dobro, klimanje glavom je mnogo lakše uočiti

PM: Okay, those head shakes are much easier to spot

kada znate način na koji ih uočiti.

once you know to look for them.

Katkada će biti situacija,

There are going to be times when someone makes one expression

kada netko čini jednu ekspresiju

dok prikriva drugu koja samo ispliva negdje u trenutku.

while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash.

Murderers are known to leak sadness.

Ubojice su poznati po tome, što se tiče tuge.

Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand,

Vaš novi partner u zajedničkom pothvatu, može vam prijateljski stisnuti ruku,

celebrate, go out to dinner with you and then leak an expression of anger.

slaviti, izlaziti na večere s vama,

i odjednom iskazati ljutnju.

And we're not all going to become facial expression experts overnight here,

Normalno da nećemo svi preko noći postati stručnjaci za detektiranje ljudskih facijalnih ekspresija,

but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous

ali postoji jedna koju vas mogu naučiti i koja je vrlo opasna, ali je laka za naučiti prepoznati,

and it's easy to learn,

a to je prijezir.

and that's the expression of contempt.

Now with anger, you've got two people on an even playing field.

Što se tiče ljutnje, sada imate dvije osobe na otvorenom terenu.

It's still somewhat of a healthy relationship.

To je još donekle zdrav odnos.

But when anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed.

Ali kada se ljutnja pretvori u prijezir,

gotovo je.

It's associated with moral superiority.

To je povezano s moralnom nadmoći.

And for that reason, it's very, very hard to recover from.

I zbog tog razloga, vrlo, vrlo se teško od toga oporaviti.

Here's what it looks like.

Evo kako to izgleda.

It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in.

Obilježeno je uvučenim

i podignutim kutom usne.

It's the only asymmetrical expression.

To je jedina asimetrična ekspresija.

And in the presence of contempt, whether or not deception follows --

U prisutnosti prijezira,

bilo praćeno obmanom ili ne --

and it doesn't always follow --

a nije uvijek time praćeno --

look the other way, go the other direction,

pogledajte i otiđite u drugom smjeru,

reconsider the deal,

ponovno promislite o ideji,

say, "No thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap. Thank you."

recite: „Ne hvala. Neću opet doći na još jedno piće prije spavanja. Hvala.“

Science has surfaced many, many more indicators.

Znanost je na površinu iznijela

mnogo novih pokazatelja.

We know, for example,

Znamo, na primjer

we know liars will shift their blink rate,

da će lažljivci promijeniti brzinu treptaja oka,

point their feet towards an exit.

da će usmjeriti noge prema izlazu.

They will take barrier objects

Uzeti će nekakve predmete

and put them between themselves and the person that is interviewing them.

koji će postaviti između sebe i ispitivača kako bi im poslužila kao nekakva vrsta barijere.

They'll alter their vocal tone,

Promijeniti će ton glasa,

often making their vocal tone much lower.

ponekad ga podosta povisiti.

Now here's the deal.

Evo o čemu je riječ.

These behaviors are just behaviors.

Takva su ponašanja jednostavno ponašanja.

They're not proof of deception.

Nisu dokaz obmane.

They're red flags.

Ona su crvene zastave.

We're human beings.

Mi smo ljudska bića.

We make deceptive flailing gestures all over the place all day long.

Činimo bespotrebne obmanjujuće geste čitav dan posvuda.

They don't mean anything in and of themselves.

One ništa ne znače same po sebi.

But when you see clusters of them, that's your signal.

Ali ukoliko ih uočite u nizovima, to je vaš znak.

Look, listen, probe, ask some hard questions,

Gledajte, slušajte, ispitujte, postavljajte teška pitanja,

get out of that very comfortable mode of knowing,

izađite iz ugodnog načina saznavanja,

walk into curiosity mode, ask more questions,

prijeđite u znatiželjni oblik, postavljajte više pitanja,

have a little dignity, treat the person you're talking to with rapport.

imajte više dostojanstva, tretirajte osobu s kojom razgovarate na prisan način.

Don't try to be like those folks on "Law & Order" and those other TV shows

Nemojte biti kao one ekipe iz „Zakona i Reda“, i ostalih TV emisija

koje premlaćivanjem subjekte dovode do podčinjenosti.

that pummel their subjects into submission.

Nemojte biti previše agresivni, to neće upaliti.

Don't be too aggressive, it doesn't work.

Sada smo malo pričali

Now, we've talked a little bit about how to talk to someone who's lying

o tome kako razgovarati s nekim tko laže

and how to spot a lie.

i kako uočiti laž.

And as I promised, we're now going to look at what the truth looks like.

Kao što sam obećala, sada ćemo pogledati kako izgleda istina.

But I'm going to show you two videos,

Pokazat ću vam dva videa,

two mothers -- one is lying, one is telling the truth.

dvije majke -- jedna laže, jedna govori istinu.

And these were surfaced by researcher David Matsumoto in California.

Otkrio ih je

istražitelj David Matsumoto u Kaliforniji.

And I think they're an excellent example of what the truth looks like.

Mislim da su izvrstan primjer

kako izgleda istina.

This mother, Diane Downs,

Ova majka, Diane Downs,

shot her kids at close range,

je pucala u svoju djecu s male udaljenosti,

drove them to the hospital while they bled all over the car,

vozila ih je u bolnicu

dok su oni krvarili po cijelom autu,

claimed a scraggy-haired stranger did it.

i tvrdila da je mršavi kosati stranac to učinio.

And you'll see when you see the video,

I uočit ćete, kada pogledate video

she can't even pretend to be an agonizing mother.

da se ona čak ne može ni praviti da je u agoniji.

What you want to look for here is an incredible discrepancy

Ono što tu trebate potražiti

je nevjerojatna proturječnost

between horrific events that she describes and her very, very cool demeanor.

između stravičnih događaja koje ona opisuje

i vrlo, vrlo hladnokrvnog ponašanja.

And if you look closely, you'll see duping delight throughout this video.

I ako pogledate bolje vidjet ćete onaj podmukli smiješak u ovom videu.

(Video) Diane Downs: At night when I close my eyes,

(Video) Diane Downs: Po noći kad zaklopim oči,

vidim kako Christi poseže rukom prema meni dok vozim,

I can see Christie reaching her hand out to me while I'm driving,

a krv joj teče iz usta.

and the blood just kept coming out of her mouth.

And that -- maybe it'll fade too with time --

I to -- možda će i to izblijedjeti s vremenom --

but I don't think so.

iako sumnjam.

That bothers me the most.

To me najviše smeta.

PM: Now I'm going to show you a video

PM.: Sada ću vam pokazati video

of an actual grieving mother, Erin Runnion,

istinski ožalošćene majke, Erin Runnion,

confronting her daughter's murderer and torturer in court.

u tijeku suočavanja s ubojicom svoje kćeri na sudu.

Here you're going to see no false emotion,

Ovdje nećete vidjeti lažne emocije,

just the authentic expression of a mother's agony.

već autentični izraz agonije ove majke.

(Video) Erin Runnion: I wrote this statement

(Video) Erin Runnion: Napisala sam ovu izjavu, na 3. godišnjicu

on the third anniversary of the night you took my baby,

noći kada si mi oduzeo moje dijete,

kada si ju ozlijedio,

and you hurt her,

and you crushed her,

slomio,

you terrified her until her heart stopped.

prestravio toliko da joj je srce stalo.

And she fought, and I know she fought you.

I ona se borila, znam da ti se opirala.

But I know she looked at you with those amazing brown eyes,

I znam da te gledala

onim svojim predivnim smeđim očima,

and you still wanted to kill her.

i ti si ju svejedno i dalje htio ubiti.

And I don't understand it,

Ja to jednostavno ne razumijem,

and I never will.

i nikada neću moći razumjeti.

PM: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity of those emotions.

PM.: Dobro, nema sumnje u vjerodostojnost ovih emocija.

Now the technology around what the truth looks like

U današnje vrijeme, tehnologija i znanost povezane s otkrivanjem istine

is progressing on, the science of it.

napreduju.

We know, for example,

Znamo da danas postoje npr.

that we now have specialized eye trackers and infrared brain scans,

specijalizirani uređaji koji prate pokrete oka, i infracrvene snimke mozga,

MRI's that can decode the signals that our bodies send out

magnetska rezonancija, koja može dešifrirati znakove koje naše tijelo odašilje

when we're trying to be deceptive.

s namjenom da zavara.

And these technologies are going to be marketed to all of us

Ta tehnologija će postati komercijalizirana, i dostupna svima nama

as panaceas for deceit,

kao lijek za prijevaru,

and they will prove incredibly useful some day.

i jednoga dana to će se pokazati iznimno korisnim.

But you've got to ask yourself in the meantime:

Ali se u međuvremenu morate zapitati:

Who do you want on your side of the meeting,

Koga želite na svojoj strani,

someone who's trained in getting to the truth

nekoga tko je izvježban da dođe do istine

or some guy who's going to drag a 400-pound electroencephalogram

ili nekog tipa koji će progurati EEG od 180kg

kroz vrata?

through the door?

Liespotters rely on human tools.

Osobe koje znaju uočavati laž, oslanjaju se na ljudska pomagala.

They know, as someone once said,

Poznaju, kako je netko jednom rekao:

"Character's who you are in the dark."

„Osobe koje postajete kada padne mrak.“

And what's kind of interesting is that today, we have so little darkness.

I ono što je zanimljivo

je to da smo danas okruženi s vrlo malo tame.

Our world is lit up 24 hours a day.

Naš je svijet osvijetljen 24h na dan.

It's transparent with blogs and social networks

I sve je postalo transparentno

preko blogova i društvenih mreža

broadcasting the buzz of a whole new generation of people

koje prenose glas nove generacije ljudi

that have made a choice to live their lives in public.

koji su donijeli odluku živjeti javni život.

It's a much more noisy world.

Svijet je postao mnogo glasniji.

So one challenge we have is to remember,

I ono što moramo

zapamtiti jest da

oversharing, that's not honesty.

dijeljenje našeg života s javnošću ne znači biti iskren.

Our manic tweeting and texting can blind us

Manijakalno „tweetanje“ i slanje poruka

nas može učiniti slijepima na činjenicu

to the fact that the subtleties of human decency -- character integrity --

da ono što je doista bitno i što će uvijek biti bitno jest

that's still what matters, that's always what's going to matter.

suptilnost ljudskog dostojanstva i integritet osobe.

So in this much noisier world,

Stoga u ovom bučnijem svijetu

it might make sense for us

moglo bi imati smisla

to be just a little bit more explicit about our moral code.

biti izravniji

što se tiče našeg moralnog kodeksa.

When you combine the science of recognizing deception

Kada spojite znanost prepoznavanja obmane

with the art of looking, listening,

s umjetnošću promatranja, slušanja,

you exempt yourself from collaborating in a lie.

oslobađate se surađivanja u toj obmani.

You start up that path of being just a little bit more explicit,

Započinjete svoj put

postajući izravniji

because you signal to everyone around you,

i tako svima dajete do znanja:

you say, "Hey, my world, our world, it's going to be an honest one.

„Hej, moj svijet, naš svijet,

bit će iskreni svijet.

My world is going to be one where truth is strengthened

Moj svijet će biti tamo gdje je istina najjača

and falsehood is recognized and marginalized."

a neistinitost prepoznata i marginalizirana.“

And when you do that,

I kada to napravite,

the ground around you starts to shift just a little bit.

tlo pod vama počet će se pomalo mijenjati.

And that's the truth. Thank you.

I to je istina. Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)