Our natural sleep cycle | Jessa Gamble

Translator: Janja Sterle Reviewer: Špela Reher

Let's start with day and night.

Začnimo z dnevom in nočjo.

Life evolved under conditions

Življenje se je razvilo v soodvisnosti

of light and darkness,

od svetlobe in teme.

light and then darkness.

Svetloba in nato tema.

And so plants and animals

Tako so rastline in živali

developed their own internal clocks

razvile svoje notranje ure,

so that they would be ready for these changes in light.

da so se pripravile na spreminanje svetlosti.

These are chemical clocks,

Te ure so kemične

and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells

in so prisotne pri vseh bitjih z dvema ali več celicami

and in some that only have one cell.

in celo pri nekaterih enoceličarjih.

I'll give you an example --

Povedala bom en primer.

if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,

Če odnesete raka ostvarja z domače obale

and you fly it all the way across the continent,

na drugo stran celine

and you drop it into a sloped cage,

in ga zaprete v nagnjeno kletko,

it will scramble up the floor of the cage

se bo odplazil navzgor po kletki,

as the tide is rising

ko je plima

on its home shores,

na njegovi domači obali,

and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding

in odplazil navzdol, ko bo oseka

thousands of miles away.

tisoče kilometrov stran.

It'll do this for weeks,

To bo delal več tednov,

until it kind of gradually loses the plot.

dokler se ne bo postopoma zmedel.

And it's incredible to watch,

Opazovanje tega je neverjetno,

but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;

toda vedenje raka ni nenormalno;

it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles

ti raki imajo pač svoj notranji ritem,

that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.

ki se ponavadi ujema z dogajanjem okoli njih.

So, we have this ability as well.

Tudi ljudje imamo to sposobnost.

And in humans, we call it the "body clock."

Pri ljudeh temu rečemo telesna ura.

You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch

To se najbolje vidi, ko nekomu vzamete uro

and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,

in ga zaprete v bunker globoko pod zemljo

for a couple of months. (Laughter)

za nekaj mesecev.

People actually volunteer for this,

Ljudje se dejansko prostovoljno javijo za to

and they usually come out

in ko pridejo ven,

kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.

ponavadi navdušeno govorijo o ustvarjalnem času v luknji.

So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,

Tudi, če se ljudje zelo razlikujejo,

they all show the same thing.

se pri vseh kaže ista stvar.

They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --

Vsak dan vstanejo malo pozneje - okoli 15 minut -

and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this

in tako vsak dan v teh nekaj tednih

over the course of the weeks.

vstanejo ob drugačni uri.

And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,

Tako vemo, da delujejo v skladu s svojo notranjo uro

rather than somehow sensing the day outside.

in ne zaznavajo dneva zunaj.

So fine, we have a body clock,

Ljudje imamo torej telesno uro.

and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.

Izkazalo se je, da je ta ura zelo pomembna v življenju.

It's a huge driver for culture

Ta ura je pomembno gonilo kulture

and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.

in je najbolj podcenjena sila, ki vpliva na vedenje.

We evolved as a species near the equator,

Razvili smo se kot vrsta blizu ekvatorja,

and so we're very well-equipped

zato smo dobro pripravljeni

to deal with 12 hours of daylight

na delovanje v 12-urni svetlobi

and 12 hours of darkness.

in 12-urni temi.

But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe

Toda ljudje smo se razpršili po vsem svetu.

and in Arctic Canada, where I live,

Jaz živim v arktičnem delu Kanade,

we have perpetual daylight in summer

kjer imamo poleti neprekinjeno svetlobo

and 24 hours of darkness in winter.

in pozimi 24-urno temo.

So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,

Zato so prvotni prebivalci na severu

traditionally has been highly seasonal.

tradicionalno precej sezonska kultura.

In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;

Pozimi se veliko spi.

you enjoy your family life inside.

Ljudje uživajo v družinskem življenju doma.

And in summer, it's almost manic hunting

Poleti pa se izjemno veliko lovi

and working activity very long hours,

in dela zunaj; dolge ure,

very active.

zelo dejavno.

So, what would our natural rhythm look like?

Torej, kakšen je naš naravni ritem?

What would our sleeping patterns be

Kakšni naj bi bili

in the sort of ideal sense?

naši idealni vzroci spanja?

Well, it turns out

Izkazalo se je,

that when people are living

da ljudje, ki živijo

without any sort of artificial light at all,

brez kakršnekoli umetne svetlobe,

they sleep twice every night.

spijo vsako noč dvakrat.

They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.

Spijo od približno osmih zvečer

until midnight

do polnoči

and then again, they sleep

in zatem spijo še

from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.

od dveh ponoči do sončnega vzhoda.

And in-between, they have a couple of hours

Vmes imajo približno dve uri

of sort of meditative quiet in bed.

meditativne tišine v postelji.

And during this time,

V teh dveh urah

there's a surge of prolactin,

se prolaktin zelo poviša.

the likes of which a modern day never sees.

Toliko prolaktina se v modernih dneh ne tvori nikoli.

The people in these studies

Sodelujoči v teh raziskavah

report feeling so awake during the daytime,

so povedali, da so podnevi tako budni,

that they realize

da so spoznali,

they're experiencing true wakefulness

da so šele zdaj zares budni,

for the first time in their lives.

prvič v svojem življenju.

So, cut to the modern day.

Vrnimo se v moderno dobo.

We're living in a culture of jet lag,

Smo družba časovnih razlik,

global travel,

globalnih potovanj,

24-hour business,

24-urnega dela,

shift work.

izmenskega dela.

And you know, our modern ways

Moderni način

of doing things

življenja

have their advantages,

ima svoje prednosti,

but I believe we should understand the costs.

vendar se moramo zavedati škodljivih posledic.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(aplavz)