Our natural sleep cycle | Jessa Gamble

Prevoditelj: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG Recezent: Predrag Pale

Let's start with day and night.

Započnimo s danom i noći.

Life evolved under conditions

Život je evoluirao u uvjetima

of light and darkness,

svjetla i tame,

light and then darkness.

svjetla, a onda tame.

And so plants and animals

I tako su biljke i životinje

developed their own internal clocks

razvile vlastite unutarnje satove

so that they would be ready for these changes in light.

kako bi bile spremne za te promjene u osvjetljenju.

These are chemical clocks,

To su kemijski satovi,

and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells

i postoje u svim poznatim bićima koja imaju dvije ili više stanica

and in some that only have one cell.

i u nekima koje imaju samo jednu stanicu.

I'll give you an example --

Evo jedan primjer.

if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,

Ako uzmete potkovastog raka s plaže,

and you fly it all the way across the continent,

i ako ga prenesete na drugi kraj kontinenta,

and you drop it into a sloped cage,

i ispustite ga u kavez s kosim dnom,

it will scramble up the floor of the cage

on će se početi verati po kosini

as the tide is rising

kako se plima diže

on its home shores,

na obalama od kuda je došao,

and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding

i spuštat će se dolje jednako tako kako se voda povlači

thousands of miles away.

1,000 milja daleko.

It'll do this for weeks,

Činit će to tjednima,

until it kind of gradually loses the plot.

dok postepeno ne izgubi obrazac.

And it's incredible to watch,

To je nevjerojatno promatrati,

but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;

ali u tome nema ništa vidovnjačko ili paranormalno;

it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles

jednostvano ti rakovi imaju razvijen unutarnji ciklus

that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.

koji je usklađen, obično, s onime što se događa oko njih.

So, we have this ability as well.

I mi također, imamo tu sposobnost.

And in humans, we call it the "body clock."

A kod ljudi, to nazivamo tjelesnim satom.

You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch

To možete najbolje vidjeti kada nekome uzmete sat

and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,

i zatvorite ga u bunker, duboko pod zemljom,

for a couple of months. (Laughter)

nekoliko mjeseci.

People actually volunteer for this,

Ljudi se čak dobrovoljno javljaju za ovo,

and they usually come out

i obično izlaze

kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.

nekako buncajući o svom produktivnom vremenu u rupi.

So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,

Bez obzira koliko atipični ti ljudi moraju biti,

they all show the same thing.

svi oni pokazuju istu stvar.

They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --

Dižu se samo malo kasnije svaki dan -- otprilike 15 minuta --

and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this

i tako "odskližu" cijeli dan

over the course of the weeks.

kroz nekoliko tjedana.

And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,

I tako, na taj način, znamo da rade u skladu sa svojim unutrašnjim satom

rather than somehow sensing the day outside.

umjesto da nekako vani osjećaju dan.

So fine, we have a body clock,

Dobro, imamo tjelesni sat,

and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.

i ispada kako je on nevjerojatno važan u našim životima.

It's a huge driver for culture

To je veliki pokretač kulture,

and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.

i mislim kako je najpodcjenjenija sila koja utječe na naše ponašanje.

We evolved as a species near the equator,

Evoluirali smo kao vrsta blizu ekvatora,

and so we're very well-equipped

tako da smo jako dobro opremljeni

to deal with 12 hours of daylight

Za nositi se s 12 satnim dnevnim svjetlom

and 12 hours of darkness.

i 12 sati tame.

But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe

Ali naravno, raširili smo se u svaki kut Zemlje,

and in Arctic Canada, where I live,

i u arktičkoj Kanadi, gdje ja živim,

we have perpetual daylight in summer

mi imamo neprestano dnevno svjetlo ljeti

and 24 hours of darkness in winter.

i 24 sata tame zimi.

So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,

Tako je kultura, sjeverna aboriđanska kultura,

traditionally has been highly seasonal.

tradicionalno visoko sezonska.

In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;

Zimi se puno spava.

you enjoy your family life inside.

Uživate u obiteljskom životu unutra.

And in summer, it's almost manic hunting

A ljeti, gotovo manijakalno lovite

and working activity very long hours,

i radite jako dugo,

very active.

jako aktivno.

So, what would our natural rhythm look like?

Dakle, kako bi izgledao naš prirodni ritam?

What would our sleeping patterns be

Kakvi bi bili naši obrasci spavanja

in the sort of ideal sense?

u idealnom smislu?

Well, it turns out

Ispada da

that when people are living

kada ljudi žive

without any sort of artificial light at all,

bez ikakve vrste umjetnog svjetla,

they sleep twice every night.

spavaju dva puta svake noći.

They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.

Idu u krevet oko 20:00 sati,

until midnight

do ponoći

and then again, they sleep

i onda opet spavaju

from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.

od otprilike 02:00 do zore.

And in-between, they have a couple of hours

A između, imaju nekoliko sati

of sort of meditative quiet in bed.

neke vrste tihe meditacije u krevetu.

And during this time,

I tijekom tog vremena,

there's a surge of prolactin,

dolazi do navale prolaktina

the likes of which a modern day never sees.

onakve kakvu u normalnom životu nikada ne vidimo.

The people in these studies

Ljudi u tim istraživanjima

report feeling so awake during the daytime,

izvještavaju kako se osjećaju toliko budnima tijekom dana,

that they realize

da shvaćaju

they're experiencing true wakefulness

kako doživljavaju iskustvo prave budnosti

for the first time in their lives.

po prvi puta u svojim životima.

So, cut to the modern day.

Prevedeno u moderno vrijeme.

We're living in a culture of jet lag,

Mi živimo u kulturi jet leg-a,

global travel,

globalnih putovanja,

24-hour business,

24-satnih poslova,

shift work.

rada u smjenama.

And you know, our modern ways

I, znate, naši moderni načini

of doing things

djelovanja

have their advantages,

imaju svoje prednosti,

but I believe we should understand the costs.

ali ja vjerujem kako bismo morali razumijeti i troškove.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)