Our natural sleep cycle | Jessa Gamble

595,040 views ใƒป 2010-09-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื”.
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื‘ืจืจื• ืชื—ืช ืชื ืื™ื
00:20
of light and darkness,
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื•ื—ืฉื›ื”,
00:22
light and then darkness.
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ืื•ืจ ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื›ื”.
00:24
And so plants and animals
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ื•ื›ืš ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
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ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ืจื”.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
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ื•ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืชืื™ื
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื—ื“-ืชืื™ื™ื.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
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ืื ืชืงื—ื• ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืคืจืกื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
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ื•ืชื˜ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
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ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืœื•ื‘ ืžืฉื•ืคืข,
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื˜ืคืก ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืจืฆืคื”
00:49
as the tide is rising
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืช ืขื•ืœื”
00:51
on its home shores,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื•,
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืœื™ืง ืžื˜ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื
00:55
thousands of miles away.
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ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžืžื ื•.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
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ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ.
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
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ืœืกืจื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉื ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
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ื”ืชื•ืืžื™ื, ื‘ื“"ื›, ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
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ื•ื ื•ืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงืœื˜, ืขืžื•ืง ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”,
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
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ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื.
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื”,
01:30
and they usually come out
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื“"ื› ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
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ื•ืžืชื’ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืื•ืจื”.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
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ืื–, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื™ื,
01:37
they all show the same thing.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
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ื”ื ืงืžื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื - ื ื’ื™ื“ 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ -
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
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ื•ื”ื ื ืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื›ืš
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
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ื•ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
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ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ืข ืขืฆื•ื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”,
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
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ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
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ื• 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื›ื”.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืชืคื–ืจื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ,
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
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ื•ื‘ืงื ื“ื” ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื’ืจื”,
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
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ื• 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
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ืื– ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืขื•ื ืชื™ืช.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”.
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
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ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
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ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืžืื ื™ื™ืช ืฆื™ื“
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
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ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“,
02:39
very active.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ื”ืžืงืฆื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœื ื•?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
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ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื“ืืœื™?
02:50
Well, it turns out
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ
02:52
that when people are living
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ืฉื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
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ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช,
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 8 ื‘ืขืจื‘
03:00
until midnight
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ืขื“ ื—ืฆื•ืช
03:02
and then again, they sleep
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืž 2 ืขื“ ืœื–ืจื™ื—ื”.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
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ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืžื“ื™ื˜ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื”.
03:12
And during this time,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืœืงื˜ื™ืŸ,
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
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ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
03:19
The people in these studies
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
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ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›"ื› ืขื™ืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:23
that they realize
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ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
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ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
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ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืขื™ืจื ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
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ืื– ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’'ื˜ ืœื’,
03:33
global travel,
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ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
03:35
24-hour business,
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ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช,
03:38
shift work.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
03:43
of doing things
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ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ื”
03:45
have their advantages,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช,
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื.
03:50
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
03:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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